meliorationn.

Brit.

/ˌmiːlɪəˈreɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌmiljəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌmiliəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English melioracioun, 1600s melioracion, 1600s– melioration; Scottish pre-1700 melioracioun, pre-1700 melioratioun, pre-1700 1700s– melioration.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin melioration-, melioratio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin melioration-, melioratio improvement, betterment (late 4th or early 5th cent.), improvement made to property (late 11th cent.; from late 12th cent. in British sources) < meliorat- , past participial stem of meliorare meliorate v. + -io -ion suffix¹. Compare Anglo-Norman melioration , Old French melioracion (1315 (in plural) in sense 2a), Middle French melioration (15th cent. in sense 1), French mélioration (1960 in specific linguistic use). In sense 2c after pejoration n. 2.

1. Improvement, amelioration; the action or process of improving or making better; the condition of being made better; change for the better.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun]

betteringeOE

amendmentc1230

bote of beam1330

meliorationa1400

upraisingc1400

reformation?a1425

amelioration?a1450

enrichinga1513

amendsa1547

gooding1567

betterment1594

meliorization1599

endearment1612

raisure1613

betterance1614

ascenta1616

ascension1617

enrichmenta1626

improvement1625

booty beam1642

meliorating1647

bonification1652

uplift1873

work1914

pickupa1916

upgrading1920

tone-up1943

stepping1958

upgradation1979

upgrade1980

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 153 (MED) Bi þis medicyn þer comeþ..melioracioun of meuynge of lymes..more helpinge þat semeþ possible to þe leche.

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1965) II. 92 Al maner of creatur is behaldin..to wse all the..wertu that it has..to the melioracioun and augmentacioun of the gud of the self creatur.

1597 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1845) III. 939 That he hes renewit no auld tack but consent of the Generall Assemblie and melioratioun of his benefice.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §855 You must ever resort to the beginning of things for Melioration.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 47 A notable way for melioration of the Plant.

1704 R. Steele Lying Lover iv. 49 I, Sir, having found out the melioration of Metals,..am to be hang'd for't.

1772 J. Priestley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 184 I could not..effect any melioration of the noxious quality of this kind of air.

1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio II. 280 Persevere in your melioration, till you are perfectly cured.

1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 205 All soils are susceptible of melioration.

1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. I. i. 7 The generations of men are not like the leaves on the trees, which fall and renew themselves without melioration or change.

1945 R. Hargreaves Enemy at Gate 238 An endeavour to obtain some melioration of their lot by legal means.

1989 P. Fussell Wartime x. 131 If for Americans, at least, the Great War could sometimes be imagined as a brief quasi-athletic lark, the Second War permitted no such melioration by the spirit of adolescent optimism.

a. In plural. Scots Law. Improvements made to rented property, esp. by a tenant. Also (occasionally) in singular. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1625 in W. Cramond Extracts Rec. Synod of Moray (1906) 13 Fourscoir libs. for the meliorations of the mans and gleib.

1680 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1759) I. 95 He should have retention of his tack duty till he were reimbursed of his meliorations.

1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIII. 383 The greatest bar to the improvement of the country is the smallness of the holdings, the shortness of the leases, and not having melioration for their houses, or other improvements.

1803 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session (1807) XXXV. 15264 It did not make the house larger than was proper for such a farm; so that, in fact, it was a melioration.

1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 644 A clause binding the landlord to make the necessary meliorations.

1845 R. Hunter Landlord & Tenant (ed. 2) II. 232 A proprietor stipulated in the lease to make certain meliorations, and to pay to the lessee the expense of meliorations made by him.

1982 A. D. Gibb Students' Gloss. Sc. Legal Terms (ed. 2) 55 Meliorations, the technical expression for improvements to property made by such as a tenant or liferenter. Not much used.

1989 W. M. Gordon Sc. Land Law xiv. 418 The meliorations for which recompense is sought have generally been buildings, but other improvements, such as planting or draining, found a claim.

b. gen. An improvement; a change for the better.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > instance of

improvementa1631

melioration1647

amelioration1660

improvement1675

1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. xxviii. 183 I concluded, that about two yeers after..he should sensibly perceive a melioration in Estate by meanes of a Wife.

1661 R. Boyle Some Specimens Attempt Chymical Exper. in Certain Physiol. Ess. sig. P3^v By an Insight into Chymistry one may be enabl'd to make some Meliorations (I speak not of Transmutations) of Mineral and Metalline Bodies).

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 568 Transplanting, engrafting, and other meliorations [in horticulture].

1878 R. W. Emerson Sovereignty of Ethics in N. Amer. Rev. 126 406 The civil history of men might be traced by the successive meliorations as marked in higher moral generalizations.

1917 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 11 569 The meliorations of international law therein provided would be required of Great Britain by nonsignatory states.

1966 Amer. Lit. 38 326 Hawthorne clearly suggests that..a love of mutual respect, would have been, if not a solution, at least a melioration of the isolation of Giovanni and Beatrice.

c. Linguistics. = amelioration n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [noun]

usurpation1644

amelioration1871

pejoration1889

adequation1931

permutation1931

melioration1939

loan-shift1950

signal reaction1976

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. ix. 260 Words may change in meaning for the better (melioration).

1967 R. A. Waldron Sense & Sense Devel. vii. 156 The types of shift known as pejoration and melioration have attracted a good deal of attention from writers on semantics.

1971 Archivum Linguisticum 2 64 Roots, collocations, compounds, etc. are not categories of meaning in the same way as, say, ‘melioration/pejoration’ and the ultimate contribution of the linguist is to the definition in his own terms of such functional categories as the latter.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	melioration
释义	meliorationn. Brit. /ˌmiːlɪəˈreɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌmiljəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌmiliəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English melioracioun, 1600s melioracion, 1600s– melioration; Scottish pre-1700 melioracioun, pre-1700 melioratioun, pre-1700 1700s– melioration. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin melioration-, melioratio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin melioration-, melioratio improvement, betterment (late 4th or early 5th cent.), improvement made to property (late 11th cent.; from late 12th cent. in British sources) < meliorat- , past participial stem of meliorare meliorate v. + -io -ion suffix¹. Compare Anglo-Norman melioration , Old French melioracion (1315 (in plural) in sense 2a), Middle French melioration (15th cent. in sense 1), French mélioration (1960 in specific linguistic use). In sense 2c after pejoration n. 2. 1. Improvement, amelioration; the action or process of improving or making better; the condition of being made better; change for the better. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] betteringeOE amendmentc1230 bote of beam1330 meliorationa1400 upraisingc1400 reformation?a1425 amelioration?a1450 enrichinga1513 amendsa1547 gooding1567 betterment1594 meliorization1599 endearment1612 raisure1613 betterance1614 ascenta1616 ascension1617 enrichmenta1626 improvement1625 booty beam1642 meliorating1647 bonification1652 uplift1873 work1914 pickupa1916 upgrading1920 tone-up1943 stepping1958 upgradation1979 upgrade1980 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 153 (MED) Bi þis medicyn þer comeþ..melioracioun of meuynge of lymes..more helpinge þat semeþ possible to þe leche. a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1965) II. 92 Al maner of creatur is behaldin..to wse all the..wertu that it has..to the melioracioun and augmentacioun of the gud of the self creatur. 1597 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1845) III. 939 That he hes renewit no auld tack but consent of the Generall Assemblie and melioratioun of his benefice. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §855 You must ever resort to the beginning of things for Melioration. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 47 A notable way for melioration of the Plant. 1704 R. Steele Lying Lover iv. 49 I, Sir, having found out the melioration of Metals,..am to be hang'd for't. 1772 J. Priestley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 184 I could not..effect any melioration of the noxious quality of this kind of air. 1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio II. 280 Persevere in your melioration, till you are perfectly cured. 1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 205 All soils are susceptible of melioration. 1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. I. i. 7 The generations of men are not like the leaves on the trees, which fall and renew themselves without melioration or change. 1945 R. Hargreaves Enemy at Gate 238 An endeavour to obtain some melioration of their lot by legal means. 1989 P. Fussell Wartime x. 131 If for Americans, at least, the Great War could sometimes be imagined as a brief quasi-athletic lark, the Second War permitted no such melioration by the spirit of adolescent optimism. 2. a. In plural. Scots Law. Improvements made to rented property, esp. by a tenant. Also (occasionally) in singular. Now historical. ΚΠ 1625 in W. Cramond Extracts Rec. Synod of Moray (1906) 13 Fourscoir libs. for the meliorations of the mans and gleib. 1680 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1759) I. 95 He should have retention of his tack duty till he were reimbursed of his meliorations. 1794 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIII. 383 The greatest bar to the improvement of the country is the smallness of the holdings, the shortness of the leases, and not having melioration for their houses, or other improvements. 1803 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session (1807) XXXV. 15264 It did not make the house larger than was proper for such a farm; so that, in fact, it was a melioration. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 644 A clause binding the landlord to make the necessary meliorations. 1845 R. Hunter Landlord & Tenant (ed. 2) II. 232 A proprietor stipulated in the lease to make certain meliorations, and to pay to the lessee the expense of meliorations made by him. 1982 A. D. Gibb Students' Gloss. Sc. Legal Terms (ed. 2) 55 Meliorations, the technical expression for improvements to property made by such as a tenant or liferenter. Not much used. 1989 W. M. Gordon Sc. Land Law xiv. 418 The meliorations for which recompense is sought have generally been buildings, but other improvements, such as planting or draining, found a claim. b. gen. An improvement; a change for the better. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] > instance of improvementa1631 melioration1647 amelioration1660 improvement1675 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. xxviii. 183 I concluded, that about two yeers after..he should sensibly perceive a melioration in Estate by meanes of a Wife. 1661 R. Boyle Some Specimens Attempt Chymical Exper. in Certain Physiol. Ess. sig. P3^v By an Insight into Chymistry one may be enabl'd to make some Meliorations (I speak not of Transmutations) of Mineral and Metalline Bodies). 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 568 Transplanting, engrafting, and other meliorations [in horticulture]. 1878 R. W. Emerson Sovereignty of Ethics in N. Amer. Rev. 126 406 The civil history of men might be traced by the successive meliorations as marked in higher moral generalizations. 1917 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 11 569 The meliorations of international law therein provided would be required of Great Britain by nonsignatory states. 1966 Amer. Lit. 38 326 Hawthorne clearly suggests that..a love of mutual respect, would have been, if not a solution, at least a melioration of the isolation of Giovanni and Beatrice. c. Linguistics. = amelioration n. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [noun] usurpation1644 amelioration1871 pejoration1889 adequation1931 permutation1931 melioration1939 loan-shift1950 signal reaction1976 1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. ix. 260 Words may change in meaning for the better (melioration). 1967 R. A. Waldron Sense & Sense Devel. vii. 156 The types of shift known as pejoration and melioration have attracted a good deal of attention from writers on semantics. 1971 Archivum Linguisticum 2 64 Roots, collocations, compounds, etc. are not categories of meaning in the same way as, say, ‘melioration/pejoration’ and the ultimate contribution of the linguist is to the definition in his own terms of such functional categories as the latter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1400
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