meshn.adj.

Brit.

/mɛʃ/, U.S.

/mɛʃ/

Forms: late Middle English mesches (plural), late Middle English meschis (plural), late Middle English meshis (plural), late Middle English–1500s masshe, 1500s measshe, 1500s meshe, 1500s–1600s meash, 1500s–1600s meishe, 1500s–1700s meish, 1500s–1700s (1800s– regional) mash, 1500s– mesh, 1700s (1900s– regional) marsh.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or perhaps (ii) a word inherited from Germanic. Etymon: Dutch masche.

Etymology: Either < Middle Dutch masche, maesche, maessce, maersche (Dutch regional massche , maersche , Dutch maas : compare mass n.³) < the Germanic base of mask n.¹, or perhaps the reflex of an unattested Old English noun < the same Germanic base (see discussion below).It is unclear to what extent, if any, the forms in this entry represent continuations of native Old English forms. It has been suggested that mesh with a short vowel represents an early Middle English shortening (compare flesh n.) of an unattested Old English *mǣsc , (Anglian) *mēsc (ultimately < a lengthened grade of the same Indo-European base as mask n.¹; compare Old English mæscre mesh, with stem vowel of uncertain quantity: see discussion s.v. mask n.¹); the forms meash , measshe , meish , meishe , which suggest at least some currency for a pronunciation with reflexes of Middle English long open and close ē , would thus represent survivals of a variant without shortening. The form mash has similarly been taken to show the survival of unattested Old English *mæsc , corresponding to the attested plural form max (see discussion s.v. mask n.¹). However, it is far more likely that the word is simply a borrowing < Middle Dutch (where the cognate form is attested with both long and short stem vowel). Even if a continuation of a native Old English form were to be proved, the frequency with which fishing terms were borrowed < Dutch in Middle English and early modern English argues strongly that the currency of the word in English from the 15th cent. onwards owes a good deal to Dutch influence. The resemblance between the form marsh and Middle Dutch, Dutch regional (East Flemish) maersche is probably coincidental. The modern regional form mash is of wide distribution, being attested in 20th-cent. sources in England, Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. In sense 5 after mesh v.

a. Any of the open spaces or interstices between the threads or cords of a net. Later also: a similar space in any network, as a sieve, a piece of knitting, etc.In quot. a1425 in figurative context: cf. sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > with open texture > net or mesh > mesh

maskOE

mascle1329

mesha1425

shale1606

mass1641

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xviii. 8 He hath sent hise feet in to a net, and he goith in the meschis [v.r. meshis or knyttingis; E.V. filthis; L. maculis] therof.

1477 in L. Wright Sources London Eng. (1996) 69 Nettes and Ingynes whereof the Mesches been to streit And not of largenes.

1536 Petition about Thames Fisheries in Lett. & Papers Foreign & Domest. Reign Henry VIII (1929) Add. I. i. 365 Ther masshe of ther nettys is so narrowe in y^e kode or hoyse of y^e nett woll holde wheytt.

1558–9 Act 1 Eliz. c. 17 §3 Onely withe Nett or Tramell, wherof every Meshe or Maske shalbee twoo ynches and a half broade.

1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie ii. 33 A Mascle in Armory, is a representation of the mash of a net.

1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. B2^v Netting (of 60 Masks or mashes or holes deepe).

1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions iv. 43 They are like those foolish Fish that are caught in large Nets, that might get out at every Square of the Mash.

1749 Wealth Great Brit. in Ocean 49 The marshes of the nets..are to be one inch square.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 577 The masses are..sifted through sieves having 20 meshes in the square inch.

1879 Plain Knitting 46 Pass the twine round the mesh-stick from above to form the mesh.

1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea II. i. 2 Birds..repeatedly swoop down to peck at the fish through the meshes of the net.

1973 E. Wilson Embroidery Bk. (1975) iii. 179 Through the meshes of a curiously knit belt gleamed a dagger, its hilt set with the rarest of gems.

b. The thread, link, or stitch surrounding a single hole in a net or net fabric. Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

mesh1602

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 32 Square nets..thorow which the schoell of Pilchard passing, leaue many behind intangled in the meashes.

1685 J. Dryden tr. Horace Epode ii, in Sylvæ sig. K7^v To betray The Larkes that in the Meshes light.

1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 235 The Mashes, or Filaments of the Net are not very perceptible.

1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. II. 155 The net passed over him [sc. the salmon] without taking him; and the Gods only perceived that some living thing had touched the meshes.

1843 G. Dodd in Penny Mag. Mar. 119/1 ‘Lace-menders’..examine every piece, and mend..every defective mesh.

1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 279 Netting is a mode of entwining the thread so that each mesh is fastened with a knot.

1900 E. Jackson Hist. Hand-made Lace 214 Meshes..in bobbin and needle-point lace..signifies the threads that form a net-pattern ground.

1986 P. Earnshaw Lace Machines & Machine Laces i. 21 Thomas Frost's square net..was not sexangular but ‘diamond-wise in squares’, each mesh having four equal sides.

c. The threads or cords of a net collectively; netting. Hence: a material formed of a network of threads, wires, etc., or containing a pattern of holes. Also attributive or as adj.: see also mesh bag n. at Compounds 1a, mesh stocking n. at Compounds 2. Cf. micromesh n.Lacemaking: the openwork stitching forming the ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [noun] > other

grisette1700

mesh1725

poodle1827

albatross1877

momie1880

velvet-cloth1882

mummy cloth1886

poodle cloth1896

thorn-proof1908

blackout1941

wash-and-wear1959

breathable1961

Pertex1982

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > with open texture > net or mesh

netOE

network1530

netting1587

meshing1615

mesh1725

toiling1805

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique 5 U iij/1 There is a triple or counter-mesh net, called by some a Raffle.

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. at Moke The mesh of a net.

1832 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce 699 Mechlin; a hexagon mesh.

1832 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce 700 Fleur de Tulle, made from the warp lace machine; mesh of two descriptions, which gives a shaded appearance to the net.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 560/2 Mechlin net, the mesh being the same as that made by hand.

1900 E. Jackson Hist. Hand-made Lace vii. 58 The ground was of the vrai réseau, or needle-point mesh, now seldom seen.

1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft v. 109 Tanks..are best dealt with by screening all openings with a protective wire mesh or even cheese cloth.

1967 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 5 Jan. (1970) 470 In came Lynda..wearing mesh hose.

1997 Indianapolis Star 24 Oct. e 3/6 Gently rub the area with a..plastic mesh scrubbie.

d. In extended use.

ΚΠ

1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 72 The ivy mesh, Shading its Ethiop berries.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. x. i. 559 The loitering waters straggle, all over that region, into meshes of lakes.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. v. 250 Air which was originally entangled in the meshes of the fallen snow.

1920 A. S. Eddington Space, Time & Gravitation vi. 101 Rectangular co-ordinates partitioning space-time into square meshes.

1936 R. Campbell Mithraic Emblems 46 An arctic crystal in whose mesh of frosty rays the sun is caught.

1981 N. Farah Sardines ii. 28 A mesh of shadows lined Ebla's face.

2. figurative. A complex situation or series of events in which a person is entangled; a concatenation of constraining or restricting forces or circumstances; a snare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > entangling or confining > that which

fetterOE

bandc1175

bonda1325

mesh1541

tangling1575

gyve1587

entanglement1644

impesterment1652

trammela1657

stranglehold1899

tanglefoot1908

chokehold1911

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance vi. f. 12^v It shalbe almost impossible for hym to escape, but that in one meishe or other he shall be tangled.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 122 Heere in her haires the Paynter playes the Spyder, and hath wouen a golden mesh tyntrap the harts of men.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine iii. iv, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hh2^v/1 I doubt mainly, I shall be i' th mash too.

1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. Y7^v 'Tis I am wild, and more then haires Deserve these Mashes and those snares.

a1754 H. Fielding Jrnl. Voy. Lisbon (1755) 204 While a fisherman can break through the strongest meshes of an act of parliament, we [etc.].

1823 W. Scott Peveril IV. xi. 269 The strongest meshes that the laws of civil society ever wove to limit the natural dignity of man.

1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. iii. 77 Less capable of sitting in judgment on an erring woman's heart, and disentangling its mesh of good and evil, [etc.].

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. v. 133 By what fine meshes of circumstance..did he come to have a daughter so little in his own likeness?

1897 W. E. Gladstone E. Crisis 15 Greece has extricated it from the meshes of diplomacy.

1925 L. O'Flaherty Informer 181 He was completely in a mesh.

1951 E. Powell Dancer's End 102 Our lonely souls..like a skylark in captivity Hung fluttering in the meshes of our fate.

1972 Where Nov. 310/1 Each district has its own character..with a differing mesh of needs and problems.

1986 J. Huxley Leaves of Tulip Tree (1987) ii. 47 Ottoline and Bertie remained, bound still in the meshes of their great love affair.

3. In technical uses.

a. Biology. An interlaced or netlike structure in an organism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > structure resembling network

netOE

webworkc1175

network1590

reticulation1663

spider-web1699

mesh1712

reticulum1722

reticle1790

spider-workc1812

meshwork1830

sagene1846

web1851

chainwork1864

ribwork1892

meshing1907

1712 R. Blackmore Creation vi. 287 The greatest Portion of th' Arterial Blood, By the close Structure of the Parts withstood, Whose narrow Meshes stop the grosser Flood, By apt Canals [etc.].

1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 259 The branchiæ usually consist of large lamellæ covered with vascular meshes.

1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 285 Very elongated meshes are found in the runner-like branches of the rhizome of Struthiopteris.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) vii. 103 The inner or deeper parts of the bars consist chiefly of lacunar tissue, i.e. a loose network of branched cells, the meshes of which contain blood.

b. A closed loop of windings or other electrical impedances connected in series.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > impedance > something which impedes

mesh1881

impedance1935

1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) I. ii. vi. 374 If the conducting wires form a simple network and if we suppose that a current circulates round each mesh, then the actual current in the wire which forms a thread of each of two neighbouring meshes will be the difference between the two currents circulating in the two meshes.

1892 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 4) xxiv. 709 The three coils may be joined..in a closed mesh joined with the three lines at its corners.

1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. xlv. 749 The algebraic sum of the electromotive forces in any closed circuit or mesh is equal to the algebraic sum of the products of the resistances of each portion of the circuit and the currents flowing through them.

1970 J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) ii. 47 Circuits involving multiple meshes may be solved by considering either the meshes (mesh analysis) or the junctions (node analysis).

1982 Giant Bk. Electronics Projects vi. 232 Turn the variable to full mesh.

c. Building. A steel network used as reinforcement in concrete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > steel reinforcement in concrete

mesh1904

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > other pieces of steel

file-blank1874

tit1896

mesh1904

rebar1955

1904 C. F. Marsh Reinforced Concrete ii. 44 The ribs on the Cottançin system are considered as N-girders, of which the joints are absolutely fixed, the mesh forming the tension bracing and the concrete the compression bars.

1936 E. Probst Princ. Plain & Reinforced Concrete Constr. ii. 97 Ready-made reinforcements are often used for slabs and also for beams and columns. An example of this is the triangular mesh, made from interwoven round steel bars.

1971 B. P. Hughes Limit State Theory for Reinforced Concrete 397 The fabric in sections is indicated by heavy dashed lines—for oblong mesh, long or short dashes according to whether the section is parallel or at right angles to the main wires.

d. The coarseness or spacing of the strands of a grid or net; (with preceding numeral) a measure of this, usually indicating the number of openings per unit length, or the largest size of particles that can pass through the grid. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > sleeves, coverings, or screens

spring box1696

jacket1815

faceplate1827

shoe1837

jacketing1842

splasher1848

splash-board1850

sleeve1865

shield1888

sleeving1923

mesh1926

1926 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 28 765 Let us place on s a square network with mesh η(H), and sides parallel to the sides of s.

1930 Engineering 22 Aug. 223/2 The dust cloud which it would encounter would consist..of particles ranging from 60 mesh to beyond 200 mesh.

1933 W. T. Read Industr. Chem. vii. 65 This relationship has been established by the United States Bureau of Standards for 200-mesh screens so that the wire has a diameter of 2.1 × 10⁻³ in. and each opening a width of 2.9 × 10⁻³ in., thus giving 200 openings per linear inch.

1971 Nature 25 June 524/2 Samples of powder were first ground to 400 mesh and then briquetted.

1994 Northern Miner 3 Oct. 2/4 Gold mineralization is fine-grained (less than 150 mesh).

e. Mathematics and Computing. A set of points, usually regularly spaced, at which a numerical function or mathematical model is evaluated, esp. in order to approximate a solution to an equation or set of equations, or (in computer graphics and computer-aided design) in order to represent a geometric object for modelling or analysis; an instance of meshing (meshing n. 3).

ΚΠ

1946 R. V. Southwell Relaxation Methods Theoret. Physics II. 36 The finite-difference approximation to ∇² has been generalized so as to permit the use not only of square but also of hexagonal or triangular mesh.

1948 R. Courant in Proc. Symp. Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machinery 1947 (U.S. Navy Dept. & Harvard Univ.) 153 Replacing Laplace's equation by a finite difference equation with a mesh of width h, one obtains a system of linear equations for the values of the unknown at the net-points.

1958 Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery 1 8 The first two terms of the control statement set up the mesh.

1988 Computer Graphics World Feb. 30/1 New display options, such as inside model/outside model shading, blanking and unblanking of model geometry and finite-element meshes.

1993 CAD User Nov. 20/1 Roofs are now drawn as polyface meshes and can be constructed via a single dialogue box.

f. Computing. A network in which a number of computers or processors are connected together; spec. a mode of connection in which each computer or processor is connected to a number of others, esp. so as to form a multidimensional lattice.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > network > [noun]

backbone1924

computer network1950

network1962

mesh1977

cloud1997

1977 Communications ACM 20 204 Efficient sorting algorithms have been developed for interconnection patterns other than the ‘mesh’ considered in this paper.

1979 T. Housley Data Communications & Teleprocessing Syst. ii. 52 There are four basic network configurations that can be used: the star network, the ring network, the mesh network, and the hierarchical network.

1993 UnixWorld Feb. 118/3 Multiple boards can be arranged in various multiprocessing architectures, including 3-D mesh, ring, or hypercube.

†4. Embroidery, etc. Short for mesh-stick n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1842 F. Lambert Hand-bk. Needlework xviii. 310 The instruments requisite are,—a pin or mesh, on which the loops are made, and by which their size is consequently determined; and a needle.

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 345/1 Implements made of ivory, bone, or boxwood, and employed in Embroidery and Netting, are known as Meshes.

5. Engineering. A state of engagement between gearwheels (or their teeth), toothed racks, or the like. in mesh: (of gearwheels or their teeth) engaged with each other; similarly out of mesh. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding

shrenchc897

beswapec980

taglea1340

tanglea1340

gyve1377

encumber138.

engleimc1400

wrapc1412

involvec1440

fetter1526

mesh1532

crawl1548

felter1567

to tie up1570

in trick1572

ensnarl1593

entrammel1598

engage1603

casta1605

imbrier1605

weave1620

immaze1631

trammel1727

enchain1751

entangle1790

enmesh1822

in mesh1875

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1421/1 Mesh, 1. (Gearing.) Or mash. The engagement of the teeth of wheels with each other or with an adjacent object, as the rack, in a rack and pinion movement.

1904 A. B. F. Young Compl. Motorist 78 When the top gear is engaged, none of the other gears are in mesh, although they rotate.

1905 R. T. Sloss Bk. Automobile 207 The gears must be thrown into mesh sharply or not at all.

1921 A. F. Hall Handbk. Yosemite Nat. Park 308 Many drivers have the habit of coasting with their gears out of mesh.

1948 Motor Manual (ed. 33) vii. 126 If one wheel has 20 teeth and another has 40, the two being in mesh, then the larger one will turn exactly half as fast as the smaller one.

1972 ‘J. Bonett’ & ‘E. Bonett’ No Time to Kill xi. 143 The gears of his brain, he reflected, were not in mesh. A walk before breakfast might re-engage them.

1984 Antiquarian Horology Dec. 152/2 Another wheel..is in mesh with the date wheel and also of course rotates once a month.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

mesh bag n.

ΚΠ

1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 Apr. 6/4 (advt.) Solid Gold Mesh Bags, nothing more intrinsically beautiful in the category of Hand Bags.

1992 Harrowsmith Oct. 10/1 After stuffing a mesh bag, the kind that potatoes and citrus fruits come in, about one-quarter full of weeds and garden culls, she left the bag on the ground overnight.

mesh net n.

ΚΠ

1883 A. Shea Newfoundland Fisheries 12 Herrings are taken in mesh nets and in seines.

mesh screen n.

ΚΠ

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 426 Dry ore, sized between 10 and 20 mesh screens (to the linear inch).

1990 Jrnl. Exper. Bot. 41 934/2 The chamber enclosed the three plants with their mesh screen.

b. (In sense 3b.)

(a)

mesh connection n.

ΚΠ

1896 D. C. Jackson & J. P. Jackson Alternating Currents xiii. 552 The arrangements are either of the star or mesh connection.

1971 Gloss. Electrotechnical, Power Terms (B.S.I.) ii. i. 7 Mesh connection, in a polyphase device or system of devices. The arrangement in which the end of each phase is connected to the beginning of the next in sequence so as to form a ring, each point of connection being connected to a terminal.

(b)

mesh-connected adj.

ΚΠ

1896 D. C. Jackson & J. P. Jackson Alternating Currents viii. 395 In a three-phase machine, if the armature is mesh-connected, the pressure between any two collector rings is equal to the pressure developed in one coil.

1954 E. Hughes Fund. Electr. Engin. vi. 221 (caption) Conventional representation of a mesh-connected winding.

1994 Data Communic. Internat. Aug. 88/3 Overall, network managers who find frame relay cost-effective are those with multiple, mesh-connected nodes.

C2.

mesh pin n. now rare a wooden implement over which the mesh of netting is formed.

ΚΠ

1824 Aris's Birmingham Gaz. 29 Mar. 2/2 The stock consists of a variety of needles, mesh-pins, needle cases, fish-hooks,..&c.

1925 Illustr. London News 14 Nov. 936 Hand-making of nets, with the simple netting-needle and mesh-pin, also continues, though nowadays looms are largely used.

† mesh-stick n. Embroidery Obsolete an implement consisting of a flat slat with rounded ends, used to form the mesh of netting.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1421/1 Mesh-stick (Netting), a flat slat with rounded ends, used to form the mesh of nets, the loops being made over it and knotted on its edge.

1879 Plain Knitting 46 Pass the twine round the mesh-stick from above to form the mesh.

mesh stocking n. a fishnet stocking; usually in plural.

ΚΠ

1962 Guardian 23 Feb. 8/4 A seam-free, pin-point mesh stocking.

1986 R. B. Parker Taming Sea-horse (1987) v. 36 He..talked to a young girl in a black-miniskirt and white mesh stockings.

Derivatives

ˈmesh-like adj.

ΚΠ

a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 262/2 The mesh-like spaces of the cavernous bodies.

1991 New Scientist 25 May 46/2 One way of solving the problem is to use what is called a ‘hollow-fibre reactor’. This is a series of thin hollow tubes whose walls have a mesh-like structure.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

meshv.

Brit.

/mɛʃ/, U.S.

/mɛʃ/

Forms: 1500s mashe, 1500s masshe, 1500s meash, 1500s–1700s (1800s– regional) mash, 1500s– mesh, 1600s meishe, 1700s mesch.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mesh n.

Etymology: < mesh n. Recorded in figurative use slightly earlier than in literal use.The modern regional form mash is attested in 20th-cent. sources from Scotland and the United States.

1. transitive. To entangle as if in a net; to involve inextricably.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding

shrenchc897

beswapec980

taglea1340

tanglea1340

gyve1377

encumber138.

engleimc1400

wrapc1412

involvec1440

fetter1526

mesh1532

crawl1548

felter1567

to tie up1570

in trick1572

ensnarl1593

entrammel1598

engage1603

casta1605

imbrier1605

weave1620

immaze1631

trammel1727

enchain1751

entangle1790

enmesh1822

in mesh1875

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)]

shrenchc897

beswike971

betrapa1000

bewindOE

undernimc1175

undertakec1175

bisayc1200

beguile?c1225

catchc1225

beginc1250

biwilea1275

tele?a1300

enginec1300

lime13..

umwrithea1340

engrin1340

oblige1340

belimec1350

enlacec1374

girnc1375

encumber138.

gnarec1380

enwrap1382

briguea1387

snarl1387

upbroid1387

trap1390

entrikea1393

englue1393

gildera1400

aguilec1400

betraisec1400

embrygec1400

snare1401

lacea1425

maska1425

begluec1430

marl1440

supprise?c1450

to prey ona1500

attrap1524

circumvene1526

entangle1526

tangle1526

entrap1531

mesh1532

embrake1542

crawl1548

illaqueate1548

intricate1548

inveigle1551

circumvent1553

felter1567

besnare1571

in trick1572

ensnare1576

overcatch1577

underfong1579

salt1580

entoil1581

comprehend1584

windlassa1586

folda1592

solicit1592

toil1592

bait1600

beset1600

engage1603

benet1604

imbrier1605

ambush1611

inknot1611

enmesha1616

trammela1616

fool1620

pinion1621

aucupate1630

fang1637

surprise1642

underreacha1652

trepan1656

ensnarl1658

stalk1659

irretiate1660

coil1748

nail1766

net1803

to rope in1840

mousetrap1870

spider1891

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 491/1 Luther was hymselfe also so meshed in thys matter,..that [etc.].

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries ii. 67 And so bee masht in the net, by fayre speeches.

1604 R. Parsons Relation Triall before King of France 215 As a hare in the nett mesheth himselfe more and more by struglinge.

1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. 111 Five hapless swains..The harlot meshes in her deathful toils.

1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens II. 562 Headlong from the car Caught and all meshed within the reins he fell.

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. iii. 141 Poor soul whose lot is fixed here Meshed down by custom.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 Aug. 2/2 Why, I reckon that if you got a fleet o' nets you'm so much meshed in 'em as ever the fish be.

1952 H. E. Bates Love for Lydia iv. iii. 292 I had forgotten that Evensford..produces in summer an enervating pressure of heat that saps the body and meshes the mind in a damp, exhausting net.

a. transitive. To catch in the meshes of a net. Also reflexive with passive meaning. Cf. enmesh v. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > catch in net

netOE

mesha1547

toil1592

innetc1595

trammel1846

field-net1889

a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 10 I know..How small a nett may take and mashe a harte of gentle kynd.

1594 H. Plat Jewell House 54 [The fish] will run forwarde and mash themselues in the tramell.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. iii. 228 And shew him how even the lion may be meshed.

1888 Whitby Gaz. 23 Nov. 3/1 The large ones cannot get meshed in the small meshes.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 Aug. 2/2 How many small fish swim right through the net.., how many of all those that strike the nets fail to mesh themselves—nobody knows.

1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 29 Oct. 15/2 Sea lions are very fond of salmon and do very considerable damage to nets in which thousands of salmon are ‘meshed’.

b. intransitive. Esp. of fish: to become enmeshed or entangled in a net. Now British regional.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > be arrested or intercepted in progress > by entangling

stickeOE

mesh1565

snarl1600

entangle1628

1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) vii. sig. AAiij The fyshe..For feare of noyse flye fast from thence And thick in nettes doe mashe.

1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxix. 128 She pitched Tewe, he masshed.

a1798 T. Pennant Journey London to Isle of Wight (1801) II. 72 After which they [sc. mackerel] will not mesh, but are caught with hooks.

1827 in J. G. Cumming Isle of Man (1848) 312 In the summer fishery the herrings always mesh with their heads to the north.

1864 J. Bruce in Glasgow Herald 24 Sept. When the herring are very large they swim lazily, and do not mesh well.

1905 G. S. Wasson Green Shay 161 Mack'rel struck off here consid'ble plenty jest then, and commenced to ‘mash’.

1934 W. W. Gill Manx Dial. ii. 82 Mesh, to come into the nets. Said of herring when the men are..testing whether the nets are full enough to haul in.

†c. intransitive. To thread one's way through something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through or over obstacles > between obstacles

mesh1665

darn1890

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 214 I..have seen it [sc. a Mite] very nimbly meshing through the thickets of mould.

a. transitive. To make meshes in; to make into a mesh. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > make many holes in

riddle1511

mesh1667

colander1715

honeycomb1735

to make a riddle of1749

sieve1839

mole1856

1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 20 Our stiffe Sayls, Masht and Netted into Lace.

1981 N. Gordimer July's People 3 The window whose light was meshed by minute squares of the wire flyscreen, clogged with mine dust and dead gnats.

b. transitive. To construct the meshes of (a net, etc.). Also intransitive. Now Scottish and U.S. regional.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > intersect [verb (intransitive)] > interlock or interdigitate

interlock1632

lock1643

indigitate1835

interdigitate1849

mesh1882

pectinate1884

intermesh1909

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > net

knitc1290

net1681

reticulate1822

mesh1882

1882 Harper's Mag. June 5 Mending old nets and meshing new ones.

1909 P. W. Browne Where Fishers Go 75 He doesn't need ‘to call the head clerk’ to know how many bundles of linnet are required to mesh a trap.

1915 in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. 216/2 ‘Can ye mash?’, i.e. can you make the netting-stitch?

1975 J. Gould Maine Lingo 177 The set-up for mashin' is a cup-hook screwed into a windowsill to hold the work and the person mashin' sits in a rocker in hopes something like a dog fight may occur outside to give him something to watch.

4. Engineering.

a. intransitive. Of the teeth of a wheel, etc.: to be engaged with another piece of machinery. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > of wheel: operate [verb (intransitive)] > actions of specific parts

mesh1850

unmesh1873

straddle1875

1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Arts & Manuf. 155 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 1) VI What I claim as new..is..the shaft H, with the pinions i, mashing into racks II.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1383/2 Mangle-rack,..a rack having teeth on opposite sides, engaged by a pinion which meshes with the opposite sides alternately.

1895 Outing 27 55/1 Wooden cogs, which meshed into a horizontal wheel.

1907 C. Wheeler Bicycles in Making 78 Small pinion wheels..also mesh with what is called a fulcrum pinion.

1913 R. Kennedy Bk. Motor Car II. 194 Then..gear wheels which are revolving have to mesh with gear wheels which are stationary.

1971 P. O'Donnell Impossible Virgin x. 195 She could feel the cogs of her mind beginning to mesh more smoothly again.

1984 Antiquarian Horol. Dec. 151/2 A pinion of 10 is mounted on the date wheel and this meshes with two wheels of 120.

b. transitive. To cause (gears, esp. those of a motor vehicle) to become engaged; to put into mesh (with another piece of machinery).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > furnish with wheel(s) [verb (transitive)] > engage or cause to engage

pitch1792

mesh1890

1890 Cent. Dict. Mesh, to engage (the teeth of wheels or the teeth of a rack and pinion) with each other.

1926 J. A. Moyer Gasoline Automobiles (ed. 2) vii. 237 The rod A..meshes the gear wheel B with the flywheel C.

1935 M. M. Atwater Murder in Midsummer xx. 192 He meshed the gears and the old car moved slowly away.

1972 ‘H. Buckmaster’ Walking Trip 58 Norman..meshed the gears noisily as he watched for an entrance into the traffic.

1993 Pop. Mech. Mar. 93 When the speeds are the same, a spring-loaded outer ring on the sliding collar slips over the dogs on the gear, meshing the gear with the collar.

a. intransitive. To fit in or work harmoniously (with something else). Also with together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > agree/be in harmony/be congruous [verb (intransitive)] > come into agreement

to come togetherOE

atonea1616

concentre1615

mesh1944

1944 H. G. Wells '42 to '44 65 Such perplexities and failures to mesh are by no means confined to Anglo-Russian relationships.

1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 291/2 The units are generally designed to ‘mesh’ together.

1963 New Society 7 Nov. 19/1 Many young people are bewildered by school and unable to mesh with it.

1975 High Times Dec. 10/3 [Our minds] aren't necessarily dominated by our bodies—under the right conditions the two know how to mesh.

1997 Calif. Lawyer July 45/2 Cohen's greatest asset appears to be his ability to mesh with justices of varying temperaments and philosophies.

b. transitive. To cause to fit in or work harmoniously.

ΚΠ

1968 Economist 17 Feb. 54/4 The difficulties of meshing management and staff at Holland's Amro bank, four years after that merger.

1988 Millimeter Apr. 29/3 Designer/director Doros meshed computer animation, motion graphics, rotoscoping, and traditional animation.

1996 F. Popcorn & L. Marigold Clicking ii. 131 This quarterly..even covers such a regular guy as Phil Jackson, coach of the Chicago Bulls, who has been meshing Zen principles with his work life.

6. transitive. Mathematics and Computing. To represent (an object, geometric model, etc.) as a set of finite elements, usually for the purpose of computational analysis or modelling. Cf. mesh n. 3e.

ΚΠ

1984 ACM Trans. Graphics 3 287 A novel algorithm for automatic finite-element mesh generation is described. It uses constructive solid geometry to provide the geometric data for the object to be meshed.

1991 Mech. Engin. Sept. 3/2 (advt.) Choosing the COSMOS/M icon allows you to automatically mesh your design, select material properties and apply loads and boundary conditions.

1994 CAD User June 12/1 To perform an analysis, the areas must be broken down into finite elements, or ‘meshed’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mesh
释义	meshn.adj. Brit. /mɛʃ/, U.S. /mɛʃ/ Forms: late Middle English mesches (plural), late Middle English meschis (plural), late Middle English meshis (plural), late Middle English–1500s masshe, 1500s measshe, 1500s meshe, 1500s–1600s meash, 1500s–1600s meishe, 1500s–1700s meish, 1500s–1700s (1800s– regional) mash, 1500s– mesh, 1700s (1900s– regional) marsh. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or perhaps (ii) a word inherited from Germanic. Etymon: Dutch masche. Etymology: Either < Middle Dutch masche, maesche, maessce, maersche (Dutch regional massche , maersche , Dutch maas : compare mass n.³) < the Germanic base of mask n.¹, or perhaps the reflex of an unattested Old English noun < the same Germanic base (see discussion below).It is unclear to what extent, if any, the forms in this entry represent continuations of native Old English forms. It has been suggested that mesh with a short vowel represents an early Middle English shortening (compare flesh n.) of an unattested Old English mǣsc , (Anglian) mēsc (ultimately < a lengthened grade of the same Indo-European base as mask n.¹; compare Old English mæscre mesh, with stem vowel of uncertain quantity: see discussion s.v. mask n.¹); the forms meash , measshe , meish , meishe , which suggest at least some currency for a pronunciation with reflexes of Middle English long open and close ē , would thus represent survivals of a variant without shortening. The form mash has similarly been taken to show the survival of unattested Old English mæsc , corresponding to the attested plural form max* (see discussion s.v. mask n.¹). However, it is far more likely that the word is simply a borrowing < Middle Dutch (where the cognate form is attested with both long and short stem vowel). Even if a continuation of a native Old English form were to be proved, the frequency with which fishing terms were borrowed < Dutch in Middle English and early modern English argues strongly that the currency of the word in English from the 15th cent. onwards owes a good deal to Dutch influence. The resemblance between the form marsh and Middle Dutch, Dutch regional (East Flemish) maersche is probably coincidental. The modern regional form mash is of wide distribution, being attested in 20th-cent. sources in England, Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. In sense 5 after mesh v. 1. a. Any of the open spaces or interstices between the threads or cords of a net. Later also: a similar space in any network, as a sieve, a piece of knitting, etc.In quot. a1425 in figurative context: cf. sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > with open texture > net or mesh > mesh maskOE mascle1329 mesha1425 shale1606 mass1641 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xviii. 8 He hath sent hise feet in to a net, and he goith in the meschis [v.r. meshis or knyttingis; E.V. filthis; L. maculis] therof. 1477 in L. Wright Sources London Eng. (1996) 69 Nettes and Ingynes whereof the Mesches been to streit And not of largenes. 1536 Petition about Thames Fisheries in Lett. & Papers Foreign & Domest. Reign Henry VIII (1929) Add. I. i. 365 Ther masshe of ther nettys is so narrowe in y^e kode or hoyse of y^e nett woll holde wheytt. 1558–9 Act 1 Eliz. c. 17 §3 Onely withe Nett or Tramell, wherof every Meshe or Maske shalbee twoo ynches and a half broade. 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie ii. 33 A Mascle in Armory, is a representation of the mash of a net. 1615 E. Sharpe Britaines Busse sig. B2^v Netting (of 60 Masks or mashes or holes deepe). 1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions iv. 43 They are like those foolish Fish that are caught in large Nets, that might get out at every Square of the Mash. 1749 Wealth Great Brit. in Ocean 49 The marshes of the nets..are to be one inch square. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 577 The masses are..sifted through sieves having 20 meshes in the square inch. 1879 Plain Knitting 46 Pass the twine round the mesh-stick from above to form the mesh. 1959 A. C. Hardy Open Sea II. i. 2 Birds..repeatedly swoop down to peck at the fish through the meshes of the net. 1973 E. Wilson Embroidery Bk. (1975) iii. 179 Through the meshes of a curiously knit belt gleamed a dagger, its hilt set with the rarest of gems. b. The thread, link, or stitch surrounding a single hole in a net or net fabric. Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > with open texture > net or mesh > meshes mesh1602 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 32 Square nets..thorow which the schoell of Pilchard passing, leaue many behind intangled in the meashes. 1685 J. Dryden tr. Horace Epode ii, in Sylvæ sig. K7^v To betray The Larkes that in the Meshes light. 1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 235 The Mashes, or Filaments of the Net are not very perceptible. 1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. II. 155 The net passed over him [sc. the salmon] without taking him; and the Gods only perceived that some living thing had touched the meshes. 1843 G. Dodd in Penny Mag. Mar. 119/1 ‘Lace-menders’..examine every piece, and mend..every defective mesh. 1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 279 Netting is a mode of entwining the thread so that each mesh is fastened with a knot. 1900 E. Jackson Hist. Hand-made Lace 214 Meshes..in bobbin and needle-point lace..signifies the threads that form a net-pattern ground. 1986 P. Earnshaw Lace Machines & Machine Laces i. 21 Thomas Frost's square net..was not sexangular but ‘diamond-wise in squares’, each mesh having four equal sides. c. The threads or cords of a net collectively; netting. Hence: a material formed of a network of threads, wires, etc., or containing a pattern of holes. Also attributive or as adj.: see also mesh bag n. at Compounds 1a, mesh stocking n. at Compounds 2. Cf. micromesh n.Lacemaking: the openwork stitching forming the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [noun] > other grisette1700 mesh1725 poodle1827 albatross1877 momie1880 velvet-cloth1882 mummy cloth1886 poodle cloth1896 thorn-proof1908 blackout1941 wash-and-wear1959 breathable1961 Pertex1982 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > with open texture > net or mesh netOE network1530 netting1587 meshing1615 mesh1725 toiling1805 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique 5 U iij/1 There is a triple or counter-mesh net, called by some a Raffle. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. at Moke The mesh of a net. 1832 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce 699 Mechlin; a hexagon mesh. 1832 J. R. McCulloch Dict. Commerce 700 Fleur de Tulle, made from the warp lace machine; mesh of two descriptions, which gives a shaded appearance to the net. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 560/2 Mechlin net, the mesh being the same as that made by hand. 1900 E. Jackson Hist. Hand-made Lace vii. 58 The ground was of the vrai réseau, or needle-point mesh, now seldom seen. 1944 Living off Land: Man. Bushcraft v. 109 Tanks..are best dealt with by screening all openings with a protective wire mesh or even cheese cloth. 1967 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 5 Jan. (1970) 470 In came Lynda..wearing mesh hose. 1997 Indianapolis Star 24 Oct. e 3/6 Gently rub the area with a..plastic mesh scrubbie. d. In extended use. ΚΠ 1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 72 The ivy mesh, Shading its Ethiop berries. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. x. i. 559 The loitering waters straggle, all over that region, into meshes of lakes. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. v. 250 Air which was originally entangled in the meshes of the fallen snow. 1920 A. S. Eddington Space, Time & Gravitation vi. 101 Rectangular co-ordinates partitioning space-time into square meshes. 1936 R. Campbell Mithraic Emblems 46 An arctic crystal in whose mesh of frosty rays the sun is caught. 1981 N. Farah Sardines ii. 28 A mesh of shadows lined Ebla's face. 2. figurative. A complex situation or series of events in which a person is entangled; a concatenation of constraining or restricting forces or circumstances; a snare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > entangling or confining > that which fetterOE bandc1175 bonda1325 mesh1541 tangling1575 gyve1587 entanglement1644 impesterment1652 trammela1657 stranglehold1899 tanglefoot1908 chokehold1911 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance vi. f. 12^v It shalbe almost impossible for hym to escape, but that in one meishe or other he shall be tangled. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 122 Heere in her haires the Paynter playes the Spyder, and hath wouen a golden mesh tyntrap the harts of men. View more context for this quotation a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine iii. iv, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hh2^v/1 I doubt mainly, I shall be i' th mash too. 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. Y7^v 'Tis I am wild, and more then haires Deserve these Mashes and those snares. a1754 H. Fielding Jrnl. Voy. Lisbon (1755) 204 While a fisherman can break through the strongest meshes of an act of parliament, we [etc.]. 1823 W. Scott Peveril IV. xi. 269 The strongest meshes that the laws of civil society ever wove to limit the natural dignity of man. 1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. iii. 77 Less capable of sitting in judgment on an erring woman's heart, and disentangling its mesh of good and evil, [etc.]. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. v. 133 By what fine meshes of circumstance..did he come to have a daughter so little in his own likeness? 1897 W. E. Gladstone E. Crisis 15 Greece has extricated it from the meshes of diplomacy. 1925 L. O'Flaherty Informer 181 He was completely in a mesh. 1951 E. Powell Dancer's End 102 Our lonely souls..like a skylark in captivity Hung fluttering in the meshes of our fate. 1972 Where Nov. 310/1 Each district has its own character..with a differing mesh of needs and problems. 1986 J. Huxley Leaves of Tulip Tree (1987) ii. 47 Ottoline and Bertie remained, bound still in the meshes of their great love affair. 3. In technical uses. a. Biology. An interlaced or netlike structure in an organism. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > [noun] > structure resembling network netOE webworkc1175 network1590 reticulation1663 spider-web1699 mesh1712 reticulum1722 reticle1790 spider-workc1812 meshwork1830 sagene1846 web1851 chainwork1864 ribwork1892 meshing1907 1712 R. Blackmore Creation vi. 287 The greatest Portion of th' Arterial Blood, By the close Structure of the Parts withstood, Whose narrow Meshes stop the grosser Flood, By apt Canals [etc.]. 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 259 The branchiæ usually consist of large lamellæ covered with vascular meshes. 1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 285 Very elongated meshes are found in the runner-like branches of the rhizome of Struthiopteris. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) vii. 103 The inner or deeper parts of the bars consist chiefly of lacunar tissue, i.e. a loose network of branched cells, the meshes of which contain blood. b. A closed loop of windings or other electrical impedances connected in series. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > impedance > something which impedes mesh1881 impedance1935 1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) I. ii. vi. 374 If the conducting wires form a simple network and if we suppose that a current circulates round each mesh, then the actual current in the wire which forms a thread of each of two neighbouring meshes will be the difference between the two currents circulating in the two meshes. 1892 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 4) xxiv. 709 The three coils may be joined..in a closed mesh joined with the three lines at its corners. 1935 C. J. Smith Intermediate Physics (ed. 2) v. xlv. 749 The algebraic sum of the electromotive forces in any closed circuit or mesh is equal to the algebraic sum of the products of the resistances of each portion of the circuit and the currents flowing through them. 1970 J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) ii. 47 Circuits involving multiple meshes may be solved by considering either the meshes (mesh analysis) or the junctions (node analysis). 1982 Giant Bk. Electronics Projects vi. 232 Turn the variable to full mesh. c. Building. A steel network used as reinforcement in concrete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > steel reinforcement in concrete mesh1904 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > other pieces of steel file-blank1874 tit1896 mesh1904 rebar1955 1904 C. F. Marsh Reinforced Concrete ii. 44 The ribs on the Cottançin system are considered as N-girders, of which the joints are absolutely fixed, the mesh forming the tension bracing and the concrete the compression bars. 1936 E. Probst Princ. Plain & Reinforced Concrete Constr. ii. 97 Ready-made reinforcements are often used for slabs and also for beams and columns. An example of this is the triangular mesh, made from interwoven round steel bars. 1971 B. P. Hughes Limit State Theory for Reinforced Concrete 397 The fabric in sections is indicated by heavy dashed lines—for oblong mesh, long or short dashes according to whether the section is parallel or at right angles to the main wires. d. The coarseness or spacing of the strands of a grid or net; (with preceding numeral) a measure of this, usually indicating the number of openings per unit length, or the largest size of particles that can pass through the grid. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > other parts > [noun] > sleeves, coverings, or screens spring box1696 jacket1815 faceplate1827 shoe1837 jacketing1842 splasher1848 splash-board1850 sleeve1865 shield1888 sleeving1923 mesh1926 1926 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 28 765 Let us place on s a square network with mesh η(H), and sides parallel to the sides of s. 1930 Engineering 22 Aug. 223/2 The dust cloud which it would encounter would consist..of particles ranging from 60 mesh to beyond 200 mesh. 1933 W. T. Read Industr. Chem. vii. 65 This relationship has been established by the United States Bureau of Standards for 200-mesh screens so that the wire has a diameter of 2.1 × 10⁻³ in. and each opening a width of 2.9 × 10⁻³ in., thus giving 200 openings per linear inch. 1971 Nature 25 June 524/2 Samples of powder were first ground to 400 mesh and then briquetted. 1994 Northern Miner 3 Oct. 2/4 Gold mineralization is fine-grained (less than 150 mesh). e. Mathematics and Computing. A set of points, usually regularly spaced, at which a numerical function or mathematical model is evaluated, esp. in order to approximate a solution to an equation or set of equations, or (in computer graphics and computer-aided design) in order to represent a geometric object for modelling or analysis; an instance of meshing (meshing n. 3). ΚΠ 1946 R. V. Southwell Relaxation Methods Theoret. Physics II. 36 The finite-difference approximation to ∇² has been generalized so as to permit the use not only of square but also of hexagonal or triangular mesh. 1948 R. Courant in Proc. Symp. Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machinery 1947 (U.S. Navy Dept. & Harvard Univ.) 153 Replacing Laplace's equation by a finite difference equation with a mesh of width h, one obtains a system of linear equations for the values of the unknown at the net-points. 1958 Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery 1 8 The first two terms of the control statement set up the mesh. 1988 Computer Graphics World Feb. 30/1 New display options, such as inside model/outside model shading, blanking and unblanking of model geometry and finite-element meshes. 1993 CAD User Nov. 20/1 Roofs are now drawn as polyface meshes and can be constructed via a single dialogue box. f. Computing. A network in which a number of computers or processors are connected together; spec. a mode of connection in which each computer or processor is connected to a number of others, esp. so as to form a multidimensional lattice. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] backbone1924 computer network1950 network1962 mesh1977 cloud1997 1977 Communications ACM 20 204 Efficient sorting algorithms have been developed for interconnection patterns other than the ‘mesh’ considered in this paper. 1979 T. Housley Data Communications & Teleprocessing Syst. ii. 52 There are four basic network configurations that can be used: the star network, the ring network, the mesh network, and the hierarchical network. 1993 UnixWorld Feb. 118/3 Multiple boards can be arranged in various multiprocessing architectures, including 3-D mesh, ring, or hypercube. †4. Embroidery, etc. Short for mesh-stick n. at Compounds 2. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1842 F. Lambert Hand-bk. Needlework xviii. 310 The instruments requisite are,—a pin or mesh, on which the loops are made, and by which their size is consequently determined; and a needle. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 345/1 Implements made of ivory, bone, or boxwood, and employed in Embroidery and Netting, are known as Meshes. 5. Engineering. A state of engagement between gearwheels (or their teeth), toothed racks, or the like. in mesh: (of gearwheels or their teeth) engaged with each other; similarly out of mesh. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding shrenchc897 beswapec980 taglea1340 tanglea1340 gyve1377 encumber138. engleimc1400 wrapc1412 involvec1440 fetter1526 mesh1532 crawl1548 felter1567 to tie up1570 in trick1572 ensnarl1593 entrammel1598 engage1603 casta1605 imbrier1605 weave1620 immaze1631 trammel1727 enchain1751 entangle1790 enmesh1822 in mesh1875 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1421/1 Mesh, 1. (Gearing.) Or mash. The engagement of the teeth of wheels with each other or with an adjacent object, as the rack, in a rack and pinion movement. 1904 A. B. F. Young Compl. Motorist 78 When the top gear is engaged, none of the other gears are in mesh, although they rotate. 1905 R. T. Sloss Bk. Automobile 207 The gears must be thrown into mesh sharply or not at all. 1921 A. F. Hall Handbk. Yosemite Nat. Park 308 Many drivers have the habit of coasting with their gears out of mesh. 1948 Motor Manual (ed. 33) vii. 126 If one wheel has 20 teeth and another has 40, the two being in mesh, then the larger one will turn exactly half as fast as the smaller one. 1972 ‘J. Bonett’ & ‘E. Bonett’ No Time to Kill xi. 143 The gears of his brain, he reflected, were not in mesh. A walk before breakfast might re-engage them. 1984 Antiquarian Horology Dec. 152/2 Another wheel..is in mesh with the date wheel and also of course rotates once a month. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. mesh bag n. ΚΠ 1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 Apr. 6/4 (advt.) Solid Gold Mesh Bags, nothing more intrinsically beautiful in the category of Hand Bags. 1992 Harrowsmith Oct. 10/1 After stuffing a mesh bag, the kind that potatoes and citrus fruits come in, about one-quarter full of weeds and garden culls, she left the bag on the ground overnight. mesh net n. ΚΠ 1883 A. Shea Newfoundland Fisheries 12 Herrings are taken in mesh nets and in seines. mesh screen n. ΚΠ 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 426 Dry ore, sized between 10 and 20 mesh screens (to the linear inch). 1990 Jrnl. Exper. Bot. 41 934/2 The chamber enclosed the three plants with their mesh screen. b. (In sense 3b.) (a) mesh connection n. ΚΠ 1896 D. C. Jackson & J. P. Jackson Alternating Currents xiii. 552 The arrangements are either of the star or mesh connection. 1971 Gloss. Electrotechnical, Power Terms (B.S.I.) ii. i. 7 Mesh connection, in a polyphase device or system of devices. The arrangement in which the end of each phase is connected to the beginning of the next in sequence so as to form a ring, each point of connection being connected to a terminal. (b) mesh-connected adj. ΚΠ 1896 D. C. Jackson & J. P. Jackson Alternating Currents viii. 395 In a three-phase machine, if the armature is mesh-connected, the pressure between any two collector rings is equal to the pressure developed in one coil. 1954 E. Hughes Fund. Electr. Engin. vi. 221 (caption) Conventional representation of a mesh-connected winding. 1994 Data Communic. Internat. Aug. 88/3 Overall, network managers who find frame relay cost-effective are those with multiple, mesh-connected nodes. C2. mesh pin n. now rare a wooden implement over which the mesh of netting is formed. ΚΠ 1824 Aris's Birmingham Gaz. 29 Mar. 2/2 The stock consists of a variety of needles, mesh-pins, needle cases, fish-hooks,..&c. 1925 Illustr. London News 14 Nov. 936 Hand-making of nets, with the simple netting-needle and mesh-pin, also continues, though nowadays looms are largely used. † mesh-stick n. Embroidery Obsolete an implement consisting of a flat slat with rounded ends, used to form the mesh of netting. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1421/1 Mesh-stick (Netting), a flat slat with rounded ends, used to form the mesh of nets, the loops being made over it and knotted on its edge. 1879 Plain Knitting 46 Pass the twine round the mesh-stick from above to form the mesh. mesh stocking n. a fishnet stocking; usually in plural. ΚΠ 1962 Guardian 23 Feb. 8/4 A seam-free, pin-point mesh stocking. 1986 R. B. Parker Taming Sea-horse (1987) v. 36 He..talked to a young girl in a black-miniskirt and white mesh stockings. Derivatives ˈmesh-like adj. ΚΠ a1836 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 262/2 The mesh-like spaces of the cavernous bodies. 1991 New Scientist 25 May 46/2 One way of solving the problem is to use what is called a ‘hollow-fibre reactor’. This is a series of thin hollow tubes whose walls have a mesh-like structure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). meshv. Brit. /mɛʃ/, U.S. /mɛʃ/ Forms: 1500s mashe, 1500s masshe, 1500s meash, 1500s–1700s (1800s– regional) mash, 1500s– mesh, 1600s meishe, 1700s mesch. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mesh n. Etymology: < mesh n. Recorded in figurative use slightly earlier than in literal use.The modern regional form mash is attested in 20th-cent. sources from Scotland and the United States. 1. transitive. To entangle as if in a net; to involve inextricably. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by entangling or binding shrenchc897 beswapec980 taglea1340 tanglea1340 gyve1377 encumber138. engleimc1400 wrapc1412 involvec1440 fetter1526 mesh1532 crawl1548 felter1567 to tie up1570 in trick1572 ensnarl1593 entrammel1598 engage1603 casta1605 imbrier1605 weave1620 immaze1631 trammel1727 enchain1751 entangle1790 enmesh1822 in mesh1875 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)] shrenchc897 beswike971 betrapa1000 bewindOE undernimc1175 undertakec1175 bisayc1200 beguile?c1225 catchc1225 beginc1250 biwilea1275 tele?a1300 enginec1300 lime13.. umwrithea1340 engrin1340 oblige1340 belimec1350 enlacec1374 girnc1375 encumber138. gnarec1380 enwrap1382 briguea1387 snarl1387 upbroid1387 trap1390 entrikea1393 englue1393 gildera1400 aguilec1400 betraisec1400 embrygec1400 snare1401 lacea1425 maska1425 begluec1430 marl1440 supprise?c1450 to prey ona1500 attrap1524 circumvene1526 entangle1526 tangle1526 entrap1531 mesh1532 embrake1542 crawl1548 illaqueate1548 intricate1548 inveigle1551 circumvent1553 felter1567 besnare1571 in trick1572 ensnare1576 overcatch1577 underfong1579 salt1580 entoil1581 comprehend1584 windlassa1586 folda1592 solicit1592 toil1592 bait1600 beset1600 engage1603 benet1604 imbrier1605 ambush1611 inknot1611 enmesha1616 trammela1616 fool1620 pinion1621 aucupate1630 fang1637 surprise1642 underreacha1652 trepan1656 ensnarl1658 stalk1659 irretiate1660 coil1748 nail1766 net1803 to rope in1840 mousetrap1870 spider1891 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 491/1 Luther was hymselfe also so meshed in thys matter,..that [etc.]. 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries ii. 67 And so bee masht in the net, by fayre speeches. 1604 R. Parsons Relation Triall before King of France 215 As a hare in the nett mesheth himselfe more and more by struglinge. 1789 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. II ii. 111 Five hapless swains..The harlot meshes in her deathful toils. 1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Athens II. 562 Headlong from the car Caught and all meshed within the reins he fell. 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. iii. 141 Poor soul whose lot is fixed here Meshed down by custom. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 Aug. 2/2 Why, I reckon that if you got a fleet o' nets you'm so much meshed in 'em as ever the fish be. 1952 H. E. Bates Love for Lydia iv. iii. 292 I had forgotten that Evensford..produces in summer an enervating pressure of heat that saps the body and meshes the mind in a damp, exhausting net. 2. a. transitive. To catch in the meshes of a net. Also reflexive with passive meaning. Cf. enmesh v. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > catch in net netOE mesha1547 toil1592 innetc1595 trammel1846 field-net1889 a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 10 I know..How small a nett may take and mashe a harte of gentle kynd. 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 54 [The fish] will run forwarde and mash themselues in the tramell. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. iii. 228 And shew him how even the lion may be meshed. 1888 Whitby Gaz. 23 Nov. 3/1 The large ones cannot get meshed in the small meshes. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 28 Aug. 2/2 How many small fish swim right through the net.., how many of all those that strike the nets fail to mesh themselves—nobody knows. 1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 29 Oct. 15/2 Sea lions are very fond of salmon and do very considerable damage to nets in which thousands of salmon are ‘meshed’. b. intransitive. Esp. of fish: to become enmeshed or entangled in a net. Now British regional. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > be arrested or intercepted in progress > by entangling stickeOE mesh1565 snarl1600 entangle1628 1565 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) vii. sig. AAiij The fyshe..For feare of noyse flye fast from thence And thick in nettes doe mashe. 1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxix. 128 She pitched Tewe, he masshed. a1798 T. Pennant Journey London to Isle of Wight (1801) II. 72 After which they [sc. mackerel] will not mesh, but are caught with hooks. 1827 in J. G. Cumming Isle of Man (1848) 312 In the summer fishery the herrings always mesh with their heads to the north. 1864 J. Bruce in Glasgow Herald 24 Sept. When the herring are very large they swim lazily, and do not mesh well. 1905 G. S. Wasson Green Shay 161 Mack'rel struck off here consid'ble plenty jest then, and commenced to ‘mash’. 1934 W. W. Gill Manx Dial. ii. 82 Mesh, to come into the nets. Said of herring when the men are..testing whether the nets are full enough to haul in. †c. intransitive. To thread one's way through something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through or over obstacles > between obstacles mesh1665 darn1890 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 214 I..have seen it [sc. a Mite] very nimbly meshing through the thickets of mould. 3. a. transitive. To make meshes in; to make into a mesh. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > make many holes in riddle1511 mesh1667 colander1715 honeycomb1735 to make a riddle of1749 sieve1839 mole1856 1667 Third Advice in Second & Third Advice to Painter 20 Our stiffe Sayls, Masht and Netted into Lace. 1981 N. Gordimer July's People 3 The window whose light was meshed by minute squares of the wire flyscreen, clogged with mine dust and dead gnats. b. transitive. To construct the meshes of (a net, etc.). Also intransitive. Now Scottish and U.S. regional. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > fact or condition of being transverse > intersection > intersect [verb (intransitive)] > interlock or interdigitate interlock1632 lock1643 indigitate1835 interdigitate1849 mesh1882 pectinate1884 intermesh1909 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > net knitc1290 net1681 reticulate1822 mesh1882 1882 Harper's Mag. June 5 Mending old nets and meshing new ones. 1909 P. W. Browne Where Fishers Go 75 He doesn't need ‘to call the head clerk’ to know how many bundles of linnet are required to mesh a trap. 1915 in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. 216/2 ‘Can ye mash?’, i.e. can you make the netting-stitch? 1975 J. Gould Maine Lingo 177 The set-up for mashin' is a cup-hook screwed into a windowsill to hold the work and the person mashin' sits in a rocker in hopes something like a dog fight may occur outside to give him something to watch. 4. Engineering. a. intransitive. Of the teeth of a wheel, etc.: to be engaged with another piece of machinery. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > of wheel: operate [verb (intransitive)] > actions of specific parts mesh1850 unmesh1873 straddle1875 1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Arts & Manuf. 155 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 1) VI What I claim as new..is..the shaft H, with the pinions i, mashing into racks II. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1383/2 Mangle-rack,..a rack having teeth on opposite sides, engaged by a pinion which meshes with the opposite sides alternately. 1895 Outing 27 55/1 Wooden cogs, which meshed into a horizontal wheel. 1907 C. Wheeler Bicycles in Making 78 Small pinion wheels..also mesh with what is called a fulcrum pinion. 1913 R. Kennedy Bk. Motor Car II. 194 Then..gear wheels which are revolving have to mesh with gear wheels which are stationary. 1971 P. O'Donnell Impossible Virgin x. 195 She could feel the cogs of her mind beginning to mesh more smoothly again. 1984 Antiquarian Horol. Dec. 151/2 A pinion of 10 is mounted on the date wheel and this meshes with two wheels of 120. b. transitive. To cause (gears, esp. those of a motor vehicle) to become engaged; to put into mesh (with another piece of machinery). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > furnish with wheel(s) [verb (transitive)] > engage or cause to engage pitch1792 mesh1890 1890 Cent. Dict. Mesh, to engage (the teeth of wheels or the teeth of a rack and pinion) with each other. 1926 J. A. Moyer Gasoline Automobiles (ed. 2) vii. 237 The rod A..meshes the gear wheel B with the flywheel C. 1935 M. M. Atwater Murder in Midsummer xx. 192 He meshed the gears and the old car moved slowly away. 1972 ‘H. Buckmaster’ Walking Trip 58 Norman..meshed the gears noisily as he watched for an entrance into the traffic. 1993 Pop. Mech. Mar. 93 When the speeds are the same, a spring-loaded outer ring on the sliding collar slips over the dogs on the gear, meshing the gear with the collar. 5. a. intransitive. To fit in or work harmoniously (with something else). Also with together. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > agree/be in harmony/be congruous [verb (intransitive)] > come into agreement to come togetherOE atonea1616 concentre1615 hit1758 mesh1944 1944 H. G. Wells '42 to '44 65 Such perplexities and failures to mesh are by no means confined to Anglo-Russian relationships. 1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 291/2 The units are generally designed to ‘mesh’ together. 1963 New Society 7 Nov. 19/1 Many young people are bewildered by school and unable to mesh with it. 1975 High Times Dec. 10/3 [Our minds] aren't necessarily dominated by our bodies—under the right conditions the two know how to mesh. 1997 Calif. Lawyer July 45/2 Cohen's greatest asset appears to be his ability to mesh with justices of varying temperaments and philosophies. b. transitive. To cause to fit in or work harmoniously. ΚΠ 1968 Economist 17 Feb. 54/4 The difficulties of meshing management and staff at Holland's Amro bank, four years after that merger. 1988 Millimeter Apr. 29/3 Designer/director Doros meshed computer animation, motion graphics, rotoscoping, and traditional animation. 1996 F. Popcorn & L. Marigold Clicking ii. 131 This quarterly..even covers such a regular guy as Phil Jackson, coach of the Chicago Bulls, who has been meshing Zen principles with his work life. 6. transitive. Mathematics and Computing. To represent (an object, geometric model, etc.) as a set of finite elements, usually for the purpose of computational analysis or modelling. Cf. mesh n. 3e. ΚΠ 1984 ACM Trans. Graphics 3 287 A novel algorithm for automatic finite-element mesh generation is described. It uses constructive solid geometry to provide the geometric data for the object to be meshed. 1991 Mech. Engin. Sept. 3/2 (advt.) Choosing the COSMOS/M icon allows you to automatically mesh your design, select material properties and apply loads and boundary conditions. 1994 CAD User June 12/1 To perform an analysis, the areas must be broken down into finite elements, or ‘meshed’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1425v.1532
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