backwatern.

/ˈbaˌkwɔːtə/

Etymology: < back adj. or back adv.

†1. Water flowing in from behind. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > moving water > [noun]

quicka1300

backwatera1387

main flood?1556

main tide1605

confluence1615

swash1671

flow1802

sweep1816

water slide1824

slide1869

run-off1915

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 57 Strengþe of ryueres and bakwateres [L. impetus fluminum a tergo labentium] dryueþ forþ þe see Euxinum alway in oon cours.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. xii. 53/2, in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Sundrie small creeks void of backwater.

2. Water dammed back in the channel of a swollen or obstructed river (or mill-race), or that has overflowed into shallow lagoons near it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > flood water > [noun] > dammed or overflowed water

backwater1629

1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel Ep. Ded. sig. ¶3^v A continuall current, that so merrily driues the Popish mills about, and sets ours in a back water or float.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 366 To free their land from the back-water, when Loch-Lubnaig is overcharged in the rainy season.

1816 U. Brown Jrnl. in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1916) 11 49 [I] was obliged to pay..for ferry over on the back water forced into said gully by the River.

1857 F. L. Olmsted Journey through Texas 213 At the last freshet, the whole roof of the mill..was covered by the back water of the river.

1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xxv. 399 But the Columbia often rises so as to cause back-water, giving the Willamette a variation of thirty-two feet.

3. An artificial accumulation of water dammed back for any purpose.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water

weirc897

dama1340

millpond1371

pound1535

pent1587

water-shut1613

tumbling-bay1724

backwater1788

pen pond1904

1788 A. Young Jrnl. 16 Aug. in Trav. France (1792) i. 77 An artificial back-water, capable..of sweeping out the harbour's mouth clean from all obstructions.

1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers II. 68 By means of sluices, supplied by an artificial backwater.

4. A piece of water without current, lying more or less parallel to a river, and fed from it at the lower end by a back-flow.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun]

wroa1300

recluse1474

reclusage1480

retreatc1500

retire1595

rendezvous1598

retirement1603

recess1611

shadea1616

Jericho1635

privacy1648

sequesterment1778

seclusion1791

retraite1814

backwater1820

hideaway1930

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater

wash1530

by-river1577

by-stream1615

float1629

slew1708

by-rilla1711

marigot1759

off-stream1793

slougha1817

spreader1845

backwater1863

by-water1863

by-channel1864

billabong1865

1820 Ann. Reg. 1819 (Otridge ed.) Manners 517/1 The flux and reflux of Teutonic invasion..deposited this back-water of barbarism.

1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies iii. 107 The great withy pollard which hangs over the backwater.

1872 H. W. Taunt Map of Thames 21/2 In some of the backwaters are fine Pike.

1885 N.E.D. at Backwater Mod. The back-waters of the Amazon are of enormous extent.

figurative.1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxi. 20 Paul found there, on his arrival, a strange backwater of religious opinion.1907 Westm. Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 Eastern Bengal has always been somewhat of a backwater—remote, neglected, and in danger of stagnation.1911 F. Swinnerton Casement v. 171 He had lived in a backwater all his life, and his ideas..were often out of touch with reality.

5. A creek or arm of the sea, parallel to the coast, separated by a narrow strip of land from the open sea, with which it communicates by barred outlets.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea > in sea

fleetc893

pillOE

arm of the seaOE

sounda1300

lougha1387

bracec1400

lough1423

firthc1425

loch1427

resort1477

estuarya1552

inshot1555

mere1574

portlet1577

fret1587

frith1600

sea-gate1605

creek1625

sea-lochc1645

wick1664

fjord1674

voea1688

backwater1867

strait gulf1867

ocean-arm1871

ria1887

fjard1904

geo1934

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk.

6. A backward current of water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > reverse

back-draught1825

backwater1830

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 271 The current..is a back~water, wherein the tide..runs nine hours towards the north, and only three towards the south.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes i. 30 A kind of backwater, or eddying swirl.

7. The swell of the sea thrown back from contact with a solid body, esp. from the paddles of steamboats; hence, the loss of power occasioned by it in steamboats. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [noun] > swell

surge1567

sea-gate1583

swella1616

running1622

groundswell1818

backwater1838

after-roll1858

wallow1868

1838 E. A. Poe Narr. A. G. Pym in Wks. (1864) IV. 83 Those which came from the larboard, being what are called back-water seas.

c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 370/2 The back-water cast from the paddles or screw.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

backwaterv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: to back water at back v. 15b; backwater n.

Etymology: In sense 1 < to back water at back v. 15b. In senses 2 and 3 < backwater n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbackwater.

1. intransitive. = to back water: see back v. 15b.

ΚΠ

1828 Examiner 56/1 They won't backwater when he endeavours to give way.

1922 Short Stories Feb. 141/2 He backwatered so that the canoe paused at the foreman's feet.

1959 P. Capon Amongst those Missing 149 The boat swung right round..and then Harry had to back-water frantically to keep her bow-on.

2. transitive. (See quot. 1924.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [verb (transitive)] > fill up

backwater1924

1924 Glasgow Herald 30 Dec. 7/7 The Tay at Meikleour was within a few feet of the top of the banks, and huge stretches of land were submerged in consequence of the ditches being backwatered.

3. figurative. To bring into a backwater.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)]

reclusea1400

sequesterc1430

withdrawa1450

sequestrate1513

solitary1581

reclude1598

seclude1629

bury1711

recess1795

backwater1885

1885 ‘E. F. Byrrne’ Entangled I. i. viii. 139 He had the keenest sense, even when carried forward by the tide of a glorified passion, that Nature may treacherously and improvidently back-water.

1920 J. Galsworthy In Chancery i. viii. 73 What on earth did such a woman do with her life, backwatered like this?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	backwater
释义	backwatern. /ˈbaˌkwɔːtə/ Etymology: < back adj. or back adv. †1. Water flowing in from behind. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > moving water > [noun] quicka1300 backwatera1387 main flood?1556 main tide1605 confluence1615 swash1671 flow1802 sweep1816 water slide1824 slide1869 run-off1915 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 57 Strengþe of ryueres and bakwateres [L. impetus fluminum a tergo labentium] dryueþ forþ þe see Euxinum alway in oon cours. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. xii. 53/2, in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Sundrie small creeks void of backwater. 2. Water dammed back in the channel of a swollen or obstructed river (or mill-race), or that has overflowed into shallow lagoons near it. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > flood water > [noun] > dammed or overflowed water backwater1629 1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel Ep. Ded. sig. ¶3^v A continuall current, that so merrily driues the Popish mills about, and sets ours in a back water or float. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 366 To free their land from the back-water, when Loch-Lubnaig is overcharged in the rainy season. 1816 U. Brown Jrnl. in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1916) 11 49 [I] was obliged to pay..for ferry over on the back water forced into said gully by the River. 1857 F. L. Olmsted Journey through Texas 213 At the last freshet, the whole roof of the mill..was covered by the back water of the river. 1878 J. H. Beadle Western Wilds xxv. 399 But the Columbia often rises so as to cause back-water, giving the Willamette a variation of thirty-two feet. 3. An artificial accumulation of water dammed back for any purpose. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water weirc897 dama1340 millpond1371 pound1535 pent1587 water-shut1613 tumbling-bay1724 backwater1788 pen pond1904 1788 A. Young Jrnl. 16 Aug. in Trav. France (1792) i. 77 An artificial back-water, capable..of sweeping out the harbour's mouth clean from all obstructions. 1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers II. 68 By means of sluices, supplied by an artificial backwater. 4. A piece of water without current, lying more or less parallel to a river, and fed from it at the lower end by a back-flow. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun] wroa1300 recluse1474 reclusage1480 retreatc1500 retire1595 rendezvous1598 retirement1603 recess1611 shadea1616 Jericho1635 privacy1648 sequesterment1778 seclusion1791 retraite1814 backwater1820 hideaway1930 the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater wash1530 by-river1577 by-stream1615 float1629 slew1708 by-rilla1711 marigot1759 off-stream1793 slougha1817 spreader1845 backwater1863 by-water1863 by-channel1864 billabong1865 1820 Ann. Reg. 1819 (Otridge ed.) Manners 517/1 The flux and reflux of Teutonic invasion..deposited this back-water of barbarism. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies iii. 107 The great withy pollard which hangs over the backwater. 1872 H. W. Taunt Map of Thames 21/2 In some of the backwaters are fine Pike. 1885 N.E.D. at Backwater Mod. The back-waters of the Amazon are of enormous extent. figurative.1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxi. 20 Paul found there, on his arrival, a strange backwater of religious opinion.1907 Westm. Gaz. 11 Dec. 2/2 Eastern Bengal has always been somewhat of a backwater—remote, neglected, and in danger of stagnation.1911 F. Swinnerton Casement v. 171 He had lived in a backwater all his life, and his ideas..were often out of touch with reality. 5. A creek or arm of the sea, parallel to the coast, separated by a narrow strip of land from the open sea, with which it communicates by barred outlets. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea > in sea fleetc893 pillOE arm of the seaOE sounda1300 lougha1387 bracec1400 lough1423 firthc1425 loch1427 resort1477 estuarya1552 inshot1555 mere1574 portlet1577 fret1587 frith1600 sea-gate1605 creek1625 sea-lochc1645 wick1664 fjord1674 voea1688 backwater1867 strait gulf1867 ocean-arm1871 ria1887 fjard1904 geo1934 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 6. A backward current of water. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > reverse back-draught1825 backwater1830 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 271 The current..is a back~water, wherein the tide..runs nine hours towards the north, and only three towards the south. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes i. 30 A kind of backwater, or eddying swirl. 7. The swell of the sea thrown back from contact with a solid body, esp. from the paddles of steamboats; hence, the loss of power occasioned by it in steamboats. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [noun] > swell surge1567 sea-gate1583 swella1616 running1622 groundswell1818 backwater1838 after-roll1858 wallow1868 1838 E. A. Poe Narr. A. G. Pym in Wks. (1864) IV. 83 Those which came from the larboard, being what are called back-water seas. c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 370/2 The back-water cast from the paddles or screw. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). backwaterv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: to back water at back v. 15b; backwater n. Etymology: In sense 1 < to back water at back v. 15b. In senses 2 and 3 < backwater n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈbackwater. 1. intransitive. = to back water: see back v. 15b. ΚΠ 1828 Examiner 56/1 They won't backwater when he endeavours to give way. 1922 Short Stories Feb. 141/2 He backwatered so that the canoe paused at the foreman's feet. 1959 P. Capon Amongst those Missing 149 The boat swung right round..and then Harry had to back-water frantically to keep her bow-on. 2. transitive. (See quot. 1924.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > channel of water > [verb (transitive)] > fill up backwater1924 1924 Glasgow Herald 30 Dec. 7/7 The Tay at Meikleour was within a few feet of the top of the banks, and huge stretches of land were submerged in consequence of the ditches being backwatered. 3. figurative. To bring into a backwater. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > seclude [verb (transitive)] reclusea1400 sequesterc1430 withdrawa1450 sequestrate1513 solitary1581 reclude1598 seclude1629 bury1711 recess1795 backwater1885 1885 ‘E. F. Byrrne’ Entangled I. i. viii. 139 He had the keenest sense, even when carried forward by the tide of a glorified passion, that Nature may treacherously and improvidently back-water. 1920 J. Galsworthy In Chancery i. viii. 73 What on earth did such a woman do with her life, backwatered like this? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a1387v.1828
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