axle-treen.

/ˈaks(ə)ltriː/

Forms: Middle English axeltre, Middle English–1500s axil-, axyl-, Middle English axille-, exil-, exul-, exyl-, 1500s assyl-tre, exeltree, 1500s–1600s axell-, 1600s axol-, axil-, 1500s–1700s axel-, 1500s– axle-tree.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse öxul-tré.

Etymology: Middle English axel-tre , < Old Norse öxul-tré, < öxull axle n.² + tré tree n., synonymous with the native ax-tree n. See axle n.²

Axle-tree, being in earlier use than the simple axle, formerly included the sense of that word, and of axis. It is now restricted to sense 1, but axle is not kept quite distinct from it in use: see that word.

1. The fixed bar or beam of wood, etc., on the rounded ends of which the opposite wheels of a carriage revolve. The original and only surviving sense. axle-tree arms: the ends of the axle-tree which project beyond the wheels.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle

ax-treea1230

axle-treea1400

axle1637

turning-beam1766

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21268 Quat quele mai be..and quat axeltre [Gött. axil tre, Fairf. axiltree].

1475 in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 90/2 Late vs cast the exultre.

1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. 211 Ij. hopis to the exiltre.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiii^v Lynpines of yron in the axyltre endes.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vii. 30 Foure brasen wheles with brasen axeltrees.

1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xxv. 166 The Beech..is very good Timber for..the Husbandman, for Axol-trees.

1755 Mrs. Delany Diary III. 349 No harm but to the axle-tree of their coach, which broke.

1794 W. Felton Treat. Carriages I. 101 The arms of the axletree, which are made round, but rather of a conical form.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Frederic the Great 47 [They] drove shabby old carriages till the axle-trees gave way.

1862 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 9) 112 Axle-tree arm.

†2.

a. The spindle or axle n.² of any wheel; the ‘axle’ in the wheel-and-axle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > axle

axle-treec1400

axisa1620

arbor1659

ax-tree1659

axle1730

turning-beam1766

stud centre1851

stub-axle1875

crank-axle1887

banjo axle1922

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xvii. 181 A wheel, that turneth be his Axille Tree.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 196/1 Axiltre, aixsevl.

1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 19 It shall make the Wheel F to turn half a turn by the Cord which is fastned to the Axletree of the said Wheel.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) ii. vi. 379 For the cogs of mills, posts to be set in moist ground, and Ever-lasting Axle-trees.

†b. figurative. (Cf. pivot n. 3a, axis n.¹ 1b.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > essential or central > upon which something depends

harrec1000

pina1538

key1559

pinch1581

axle-treec1600

axlea1634

fulcrum1668

keystone1722

pivot1748

turning-point1836

landmark1859

axis1860

linchpin1954

c1600 Revel. Golias Their chaunginge mynde on tickell axeltree, Is rold and tost about.

1646 Unhappy Game Scotch & Eng. 9 You make his will the very Axeltree upon which your argument turnes.

1674 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 171 A necessity..which drove the great Iron nail thorough the Axle-tree of Nature.

†3. A revolving or driving shaft. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > others

axle-tree1659

axle-shaft1837

propeller shaft1839

crank-shaft1854

sub-shaft1859

driveshaft1860

half-time shaft1861

cardan joint1868

line shafting1872

thrusting-shaft1906

1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 18 A straight Axeltree of wood, a foot square, and 60-foot high.

†4. = axis n.¹:

a. The imaginary or geometrical line which forms the axis of revolution of any body, e.g. the earth, a planet, the heavens. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1400 Epiph. in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 113 The axyltre betwene the polys tweyne.

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. ii. f. 135^v A right imaginatiue line called of the Astronomers the Axeltree of the world, about the which the worlde continually turneth like a Cart wheele.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 65 Strong as the Axel-tree, (On which heauen rides).

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island iv. viii. 39 Most like the Poles in heavens Axletrees.

†b. poetically (transl. Latin axis): The pole of the heaven; the heaven, the sky. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun]

roofeOE

welkinc825

heaveneOE

heightOE

heavenOE

liftOE

loftOE

welkin1122

skies?a1289

firmamentc1290

skewa1300

spherea1300

skewsc1320

hemispherec1374

cope of heavenc1380

clouda1400

skya1425

elementc1485

axle-treea1522

scrowc1540

pole1572

horizona1577

vaulta1586

round?1593

the cope1596

pend1599

floor1600

canopy1604

cope1609

expansion1611

concameration1625

convex1627

concave1635

expansum1635

blue1647

the expanse1667

blue blanket1726

empyrean1727

carry1788

span1803

overhead1865

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > pole

polea1398

polea1450

axle-treea1522

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. ix. 3 Hir rosy charyot the fresch Aurora Amydwart of the hevynnys assiltre Begouth fortil vproll.

1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis i. 9 And burne heauens Axeltree.

†c. The central line, e.g. the axis of vision.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > emission of light, radiation > [noun] > line of vision

axle-tree1624

axis1701

principal axisa1764

1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 52 The Parts farthest from the Axel-tree, or middle Beam of the Eye.

Derivatives

ˈaxletreed adj. furnished with an axle-tree.

ΚΠ

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 14^v Strong exeltred cart.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	axle-tree
释义	axle-treen. /ˈaks(ə)ltriː/ Forms: Middle English axeltre, Middle English–1500s axil-, axyl-, Middle English axille-, exil-, exul-, exyl-, 1500s assyl-tre, exeltree, 1500s–1600s axell-, 1600s axol-, axil-, 1500s–1700s axel-, 1500s– axle-tree. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse öxul-tré. Etymology: Middle English axel-tre , < Old Norse öxul-tré, < öxull axle n.² + tré tree n., synonymous with the native ax-tree n. See axle n.² Axle-tree, being in earlier use than the simple axle, formerly included the sense of that word, and of axis. It is now restricted to sense 1, but axle is not kept quite distinct from it in use: see that word. 1. The fixed bar or beam of wood, etc., on the rounded ends of which the opposite wheels of a carriage revolve. The original and only surviving sense. axle-tree arms: the ends of the axle-tree which project beyond the wheels. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > axle ax-treea1230 axle-treea1400 axle1637 turning-beam1766 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21268 Quat quele mai be..and quat axeltre [Gött. axil tre, Fairf. axiltree]. 1475 in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 90/2 Late vs cast the exultre. 1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. 211 Ij. hopis to the exiltre. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. iiii^v Lynpines of yron in the axyltre endes. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vii. 30 Foure brasen wheles with brasen axeltrees. 1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved xxv. 166 The Beech..is very good Timber for..the Husbandman, for Axol-trees. 1755 Mrs. Delany Diary III. 349 No harm but to the axle-tree of their coach, which broke. 1794 W. Felton Treat. Carriages I. 101 The arms of the axletree, which are made round, but rather of a conical form. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Frederic the Great 47 [They] drove shabby old carriages till the axle-trees gave way. 1862 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 9) 112 Axle-tree arm. †2. a. The spindle or axle n.² of any wheel; the ‘axle’ in the wheel-and-axle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > axle axle-treec1400 axisa1620 arbor1659 ax-tree1659 axle1730 turning-beam1766 stud centre1851 stub-axle1875 crank-axle1887 banjo axle1922 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xvii. 181 A wheel, that turneth be his Axille Tree. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 196/1 Axiltre, aixsevl. 1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 19 It shall make the Wheel F to turn half a turn by the Cord which is fastned to the Axletree of the said Wheel. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) ii. vi. 379 For the cogs of mills, posts to be set in moist ground, and Ever-lasting Axle-trees. †b. figurative. (Cf. pivot n. 3a, axis n.¹ 1b.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > essential or central > upon which something depends harrec1000 pina1538 key1559 pinch1581 axle-treec1600 axlea1634 fulcrum1668 keystone1722 pivot1748 turning-point1836 landmark1859 axis1860 linchpin1954 c1600 Revel. Golias Their chaunginge mynde on tickell axeltree, Is rold and tost about. 1646 Unhappy Game Scotch & Eng. 9 You make his will the very Axeltree upon which your argument turnes. 1674 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 171 A necessity..which drove the great Iron nail thorough the Axle-tree of Nature. †3. A revolving or driving shaft. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > others axle-tree1659 axle-shaft1837 propeller shaft1839 crank-shaft1854 sub-shaft1859 driveshaft1860 half-time shaft1861 cardan joint1868 line shafting1872 thrusting-shaft1906 1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 18 A straight Axeltree of wood, a foot square, and 60-foot high. †4. = axis n.¹: a. The imaginary or geometrical line which forms the axis of revolution of any body, e.g. the earth, a planet, the heavens. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1400 Epiph. in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 113 The axyltre betwene the polys tweyne. 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. ii. f. 135^v A right imaginatiue line called of the Astronomers the Axeltree of the world, about the which the worlde continually turneth like a Cart wheele. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 65 Strong as the Axel-tree, (On which heauen rides). View more context for this quotation 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island iv. viii. 39 Most like the Poles in heavens Axletrees. †b. poetically (transl. Latin axis): The pole of the heaven; the heaven, the sky. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > sky, heavens > [noun] roofeOE welkinc825 heaveneOE heightOE heavenOE liftOE loftOE welkin1122 skies?a1289 firmamentc1290 skewa1300 spherea1300 skewsc1320 hemispherec1374 cope of heavenc1380 clouda1400 skya1425 elementc1485 axle-treea1522 scrowc1540 pole1572 horizona1577 vaulta1586 round?1593 the cope1596 pend1599 floor1600 canopy1604 cope1609 expansion1611 concameration1625 convex1627 concave1635 expansum1635 blue1647 the expanse1667 blue blanket1726 empyrean1727 carry1788 span1803 overhead1865 the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > pole polea1398 polea1450 axle-treea1522 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. ix. 3 Hir rosy charyot the fresch Aurora Amydwart of the hevynnys assiltre Begouth fortil vproll. 1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis i. 9 And burne heauens Axeltree. †c. The central line, e.g. the axis of vision. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > emission of light, radiation > [noun] > line of vision axle-tree1624 axis1701 principal axisa1764 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 52 The Parts farthest from the Axel-tree, or middle Beam of the Eye. Derivatives ˈaxletreed adj. furnished with an axle-tree. ΚΠ 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 14^v Strong exeltred cart. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.a1400
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