metabolicadj.

Brit.

/ˌmɛtəˈbɒlɪk/, U.S.

/ˌmɛdəˈbɑlɪk/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek μεταβολικός.

Etymology: < Hellenistic Greek μεταβολικός changeable < μεταβολή metabole n. + -ικός -ic suffix. In sense 2a after German metabolisch (T. Schwann Mikroskopische Untersuchungen (1839) 229). In sense 3 after Metabola n.

†1. Relating to or involving change. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1743 one of a number of humorously pedantic, mock-classical terms employed by Fielding in a discussion of how best to subdivide a guinea; see also adherescent adj., kleptistic adj., schistic adj.¹

ΚΠ

1743 H. Fielding Misc. I. 273 We are forced to proceed..by the Metabolic or Mutative [method], not by the Schystic or Divisive.

a. Biology and Biochemistry. Of, relating to, or involving metabolism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > metabolism > [adjective]

metabolic1841

metamorphic1853

metabolical1880

metabolizable1905

1841 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 131 184 The mode of nutrition of the crystalline lens may be explained, by supposing that the nutrient fluid is received by the cells just alluded to, and conducted to the lens (perhaps has its characters changed in its course by the metabolic functions ascribed to them by M. Schwann) through which it is diffused.

1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 140 A dialytic, catalytic, or, as Schwann terms it, a metabolic change on the plasma of the blood.

1847 H. Smith tr. T. Schwann Microsc. Res. iii. 193 Those [phenomena] which result from chemical changes either in the component particles of the cell itself, or in the surrounding cytoblastema, and which may be called metabolic phenomena (τὸ μεταβολικὸν, implying that which is liable to occasion or to suffer change).

1890 Retrospect Med. 102 128 The sudden unlocking of abnormal metabolic processes.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 828 The substances produced, called hormones, exert a profound influence upon the metabolic processes of the body.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. lvi. 1337/2 The extra metabolic heat results from the metabolism of brown fat from the tissue pads usually located in the interscapular region of the back.

1989 Sci. Amer. July 65/2 The mucosa of the entire gut is thickened in order to meet the increased metabolic needs of lactation.

b. Medicine. Of a disease, disorder, etc.: resulting from an inborn error or other abnormality of metabolism.metabolic acidosis, alkalosis: see Compounds.

ΚΠ

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 560/1 When such functional disturbances affect the general nutrition of the body they have been termed Metabolic Diseases (Stoffwechselkrankheiten).

1958 Observer 23 May 9/8 An estimated 30 babies are born every year with an unsuspected ‘metabolic’ disorder called phenylketonuria.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 18 Apr. 876/1 The onset of coma with postural abnormality was so rapid that the diagnosis of metabolic coma was not initially entertained.

1999 Times 23 Nov. 23/1 Frank Doyle ranged over several fields, among them metabolic bone disease.

†3. Zoology. Of an animal, esp. an insect: that undergoes metamorphosis. Cf. Metabola n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [adjective] > phase or type of life cycle > metamorphosis

metamorphosing1668

metabolic1844

metamorphic1850

pleomorphic1886

1844 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 134 293 Reproduction of lost parts takes place in the metabolic as well as in the ametabolic Articulata.

1874 Amer. Naturalist 8 715 A development of the appendages beginning before the last moulting would, in a metabolic insect.., be only conceivable if the same previously originated not as a direct protrusion, but as an invagination.

1882 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 173 179 The normal ‘intra-branchial’ arches..are imperfectly developed, not only in the Abranchiata, but also in the degenerate Marsipobranchii, and the metabolic Amphibia Anura.

1885 Amer. Naturalist 19 1000 Relation and similarities between the ametabolic and metabolic insects.

4. Biology. Of a protist: exhibiting metaboly. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > movement > [adjective] > change of shape

metabolic1906

1881–2 W. Saville-Kent Man. Infusoria II. 870 Metabolic, changeable in form; applied by Cohn to the Infusoria in the same sense as polymorphic.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 857/1 Fam. 4. Peranemina. Very contractile (metabolic) colourless Euglenoids.

1906 Cambr. Nat. Hist. I. v. 125 Such movements, permissible by the perfectly flexible but firm pellicle, are termed ‘metabolic’ or ‘euglenoid’.

1926 G. N. Calkins Biol. Protozoa vi. 254 In all cases of amoeboid and metabolic forms the cell symmetry is variable.

1955 New Biol. 19 116 Change in shape in unicellular organisms is referred to by the somewhat confusing term ‘metaboly’ and organisms which exhibit it are termed ‘metabolic’.

1961 D. L. Mackinnon & R. S. J. Hawes Introd. Study Protozoa 75 Fam. Euglenidae——autotrophic and osmotrophic; metabolic.

Compounds

metabolic acidosis n. Medicine a condition in which the acid content of body fluids increases in relation to the alkali content.

ΚΠ

1942 Anesthesiology 3 369 A metabolic acidosis is a common occurrence during ether and chloroform administration.

1951 Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therapeutics 102 64 This clearly indicates the absence of a respiratory acidosis superimposed on the demonstrated metabolic acidosis.

1985 M. F. Myles Textbk. Midwives (ed. 10) xxxii. 366 Metabolic acidosis is common: clinically this being manifest by rapid, deep, respirations.

metabolic alkalosis n. Medicine a condition in which the alkali content of body fluids increases in relation to the acid content.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > excess of other substances

siderosis1883

uratosis1890

haemosiderosis1909

alkalosis1912

proteinosis1937

metabolic alkalosis1948

1948 Science 27 Aug. 213/1 The plasma chloride was 86 meq/liter and the CO₂ content 92 volumes %, indicating a moderately severe metabolic alkalosis.

1995 Statist. Sci. 10 108/1 Wada and other medical scientists were able..to solve a long-standing problem of differentiating the roles of chloride and potassium in the development of metabolic alkalosis.

metabolic pathway n. Biochemistry a sequence of chemical reactions (typically catalysed by enzymes) resulting in the breakdown, synthesis, or transformation of a compound or class of compounds within a living cell or organism.

ΚΠ

1927 M. Bodansky Introd. Physiol. Chem. xi. 271 Another pathway of metabolism has been suggested, namely one involving the conversion of arginine into guanidine~butyric acid,..which by β-oxidation would yield guanidine acetic acid.]

1941 Science 12 Dec. 554/1 The ratio [of isotopic labels]..indicated the extent to which the carbon chain of an amino acid had followed a different metabolic pathway from that of the nitrogen atom.

1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) ii. 5 The mechanisms through which the injurious agents act involve interfering with one or more of the normal metabolic pathways.

1991 Horse & Horseman July 9/1 No specific enzyme deficiencies in this metabolic pathway have been identified.

metabolic pool n. Biochemistry the total amount of a substance or group of substances that is available for participation in a specified metabolic reaction or pathway (cf. pool n.³ 6d).

ΚΠ

1941 Science 12 Dec. 554/1 As a result of Schoenheimer's investigations..there has emerged a concept..wherein the central idea is the continual release and uptake of chemical substances by tissues to and from a circulating metabolic ‘pool’.

1951 New Biol. 10 42 Most compounds..are part of a ‘metabolic pool’ within which interchange of molecular groupings takes place continuously.

1977 T. I. Storer et al. Elements Zool. (ed. 4) iv. 71/1 This cycling is through a ‘metabolic pool’ of nitrogen believed to consist primarily of amino acids.

1999 Healthy Eating Aug. 30/2 By taking a 200mcg dose of chromium picolinate daily, it is possible to refill your metabolic pool.

metabolic rate n. Biology the rate at which metabolism occurs in an organism or tissue, usually measured in terms of oxygen consumption or heat production; cf. basal metabolic rate n. at basal adj. and n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1914 Science 27 Mar. 475/1 The cyanide-resistance method which Professor Child worked out as a measure for the metabolic rate of planarians also holds for isopods.

1921 Endocrinology 5 7 About middle age the adenomatous tissue..begins to furnish an excessive amount of the apparently normal thyroid hormone (thyroxin) and this produces the increased metabolic rate.

1968 W. B. Vernberg in M. Florkin & B. T. Scheer Chem. Zool. II. iii. iv. 373 In some animals the metabolic rate varies proportionately with the amount of oxygen present.

1990 R. Conley Inch Loss Plan (BNC) 73 In today's introduction I referred to the importance of maintaining our metabolic rate. This is vital if we are to continue to lose weight and inches.

metabolic syndrome n. [after German metabolische Syndrom (1977 (in the source of quot. 1977) or earlier)] Medicine a cluster of biochemical and physiological abnormalities (including elevated levels of glucose and triglycerides in the blood, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and abdominal obesity) associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

ΚΠ

1977 Zeitschrift Gesamte Innere Medizin & Grenzgebiete 32 127/2 The ‘metabolic syndrome’ [Ger. metabolische Syndrom] (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperuricemia, steatosis hepatis) with the increase of the viscosity of blood and plasma as well as disturbances of coagulation together with other factors of risk further the development of arteriosclerosis or has a directing influence on it.

1988 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Oct. 963/1 One putative connecting link in the metabolic syndrome is hyperinsulinaemia.

2002 Ladies Home Jrnl. June 90/2 These risk factors occur with obesity so often..that they all amount to a single disorder known as ‘metabolic syndrome’—a condition already afflicting about a quarter of U.S. adults.

2011 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 Apr. 53/1 Having metabolic syndrome is another way of saying that the cells in your body are actively ignoring the action of the hormone insulin—a condition known technically as being insulin-resistant.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	metabolic
释义	metabolicadj. Brit. /ˌmɛtəˈbɒlɪk/, U.S. /ˌmɛdəˈbɑlɪk/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek μεταβολικός. Etymology: < Hellenistic Greek μεταβολικός changeable < μεταβολή metabole n. + -ικός -ic suffix. In sense 2a after German metabolisch (T. Schwann Mikroskopische Untersuchungen (1839) 229). In sense 3 after Metabola n. †1. Relating to or involving change. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1743 one of a number of humorously pedantic, mock-classical terms employed by Fielding in a discussion of how best to subdivide a guinea; see also adherescent adj., kleptistic adj., schistic adj.¹ ΚΠ 1743 H. Fielding Misc. I. 273 We are forced to proceed..by the Metabolic or Mutative [method], not by the Schystic or Divisive. 2. a. Biology and Biochemistry. Of, relating to, or involving metabolism. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > metabolism > [adjective] metabolic1841 metamorphic1853 metabolical1880 metabolizable1905 1841 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 131 184 The mode of nutrition of the crystalline lens may be explained, by supposing that the nutrient fluid is received by the cells just alluded to, and conducted to the lens (perhaps has its characters changed in its course by the metabolic functions ascribed to them by M. Schwann) through which it is diffused. 1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 140 A dialytic, catalytic, or, as Schwann terms it, a metabolic change on the plasma of the blood. 1847 H. Smith tr. T. Schwann Microsc. Res. iii. 193 Those [phenomena] which result from chemical changes either in the component particles of the cell itself, or in the surrounding cytoblastema, and which may be called metabolic phenomena (τὸ μεταβολικὸν, implying that which is liable to occasion or to suffer change). 1890 Retrospect Med. 102 128 The sudden unlocking of abnormal metabolic processes. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxii. 828 The substances produced, called hormones, exert a profound influence upon the metabolic processes of the body. 1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. lvi. 1337/2 The extra metabolic heat results from the metabolism of brown fat from the tissue pads usually located in the interscapular region of the back. 1989 Sci. Amer. July 65/2 The mucosa of the entire gut is thickened in order to meet the increased metabolic needs of lactation. b. Medicine. Of a disease, disorder, etc.: resulting from an inborn error or other abnormality of metabolism.metabolic acidosis, alkalosis: see Compounds. ΚΠ 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 560/1 When such functional disturbances affect the general nutrition of the body they have been termed Metabolic Diseases (Stoffwechselkrankheiten). 1958 Observer 23 May 9/8 An estimated 30 babies are born every year with an unsuspected ‘metabolic’ disorder called phenylketonuria. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 18 Apr. 876/1 The onset of coma with postural abnormality was so rapid that the diagnosis of metabolic coma was not initially entertained. 1999 Times 23 Nov. 23/1 Frank Doyle ranged over several fields, among them metabolic bone disease. †3. Zoology. Of an animal, esp. an insect: that undergoes metamorphosis. Cf. Metabola n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [adjective] > phase or type of life cycle > metamorphosis metamorphosing1668 metabolic1844 metamorphic1850 pleomorphic1886 1844 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 134 293 Reproduction of lost parts takes place in the metabolic as well as in the ametabolic Articulata. 1874 Amer. Naturalist 8 715 A development of the appendages beginning before the last moulting would, in a metabolic insect.., be only conceivable if the same previously originated not as a direct protrusion, but as an invagination. 1882 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 173 179 The normal ‘intra-branchial’ arches..are imperfectly developed, not only in the Abranchiata, but also in the degenerate Marsipobranchii, and the metabolic Amphibia Anura. 1885 Amer. Naturalist 19 1000 Relation and similarities between the ametabolic and metabolic insects. 4. Biology. Of a protist: exhibiting metaboly. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > movement > [adjective] > change of shape metabolic1906 1881–2 W. Saville-Kent Man. Infusoria II. 870 Metabolic, changeable in form; applied by Cohn to the Infusoria in the same sense as polymorphic. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 857/1 Fam. 4. Peranemina. Very contractile (metabolic) colourless Euglenoids. 1906 Cambr. Nat. Hist. I. v. 125 Such movements, permissible by the perfectly flexible but firm pellicle, are termed ‘metabolic’ or ‘euglenoid’. 1926 G. N. Calkins Biol. Protozoa vi. 254 In all cases of amoeboid and metabolic forms the cell symmetry is variable. 1955 New Biol. 19 116 Change in shape in unicellular organisms is referred to by the somewhat confusing term ‘metaboly’ and organisms which exhibit it are termed ‘metabolic’. 1961 D. L. Mackinnon & R. S. J. Hawes Introd. Study Protozoa 75 Fam. Euglenidae——autotrophic and osmotrophic; metabolic. Compounds metabolic acidosis n. Medicine a condition in which the acid content of body fluids increases in relation to the alkali content. ΚΠ 1942 Anesthesiology 3 369 A metabolic acidosis is a common occurrence during ether and chloroform administration. 1951 Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therapeutics 102 64 This clearly indicates the absence of a respiratory acidosis superimposed on the demonstrated metabolic acidosis. 1985 M. F. Myles Textbk. Midwives (ed. 10) xxxii. 366 Metabolic acidosis is common: clinically this being manifest by rapid, deep, respirations. metabolic alkalosis n. Medicine a condition in which the alkali content of body fluids increases in relation to the acid content. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > excess of other substances siderosis1883 uratosis1890 haemosiderosis1909 alkalosis1912 proteinosis1937 metabolic alkalosis1948 1948 Science 27 Aug. 213/1 The plasma chloride was 86 meq/liter and the CO₂ content 92 volumes %, indicating a moderately severe metabolic alkalosis. 1995 Statist. Sci. 10 108/1 Wada and other medical scientists were able..to solve a long-standing problem of differentiating the roles of chloride and potassium in the development of metabolic alkalosis. metabolic pathway n. Biochemistry a sequence of chemical reactions (typically catalysed by enzymes) resulting in the breakdown, synthesis, or transformation of a compound or class of compounds within a living cell or organism. ΚΠ 1927 M. Bodansky Introd. Physiol. Chem. xi. 271 Another pathway of metabolism has been suggested, namely one involving the conversion of arginine into guanidine~butyric acid,..which by β-oxidation would yield guanidine acetic acid.] 1941 Science 12 Dec. 554/1 The ratio [of isotopic labels]..indicated the extent to which the carbon chain of an amino acid had followed a different metabolic pathway from that of the nitrogen atom. 1984 J. R. Tighe & D. R. Davies Pathol. (ed. 4) ii. 5 The mechanisms through which the injurious agents act involve interfering with one or more of the normal metabolic pathways. 1991 Horse & Horseman July 9/1 No specific enzyme deficiencies in this metabolic pathway have been identified. metabolic pool n. Biochemistry the total amount of a substance or group of substances that is available for participation in a specified metabolic reaction or pathway (cf. pool n.³ 6d). ΚΠ 1941 Science 12 Dec. 554/1 As a result of Schoenheimer's investigations..there has emerged a concept..wherein the central idea is the continual release and uptake of chemical substances by tissues to and from a circulating metabolic ‘pool’. 1951 New Biol. 10 42 Most compounds..are part of a ‘metabolic pool’ within which interchange of molecular groupings takes place continuously. 1977 T. I. Storer et al. Elements Zool. (ed. 4) iv. 71/1 This cycling is through a ‘metabolic pool’ of nitrogen believed to consist primarily of amino acids. 1999 Healthy Eating Aug. 30/2 By taking a 200mcg dose of chromium picolinate daily, it is possible to refill your metabolic pool. metabolic rate n. Biology the rate at which metabolism occurs in an organism or tissue, usually measured in terms of oxygen consumption or heat production; cf. basal metabolic rate n. at basal adj. and n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1914 Science 27 Mar. 475/1 The cyanide-resistance method which Professor Child worked out as a measure for the metabolic rate of planarians also holds for isopods. 1921 Endocrinology 5 7 About middle age the adenomatous tissue..begins to furnish an excessive amount of the apparently normal thyroid hormone (thyroxin) and this produces the increased metabolic rate. 1968 W. B. Vernberg in M. Florkin & B. T. Scheer Chem. Zool. II. iii. iv. 373 In some animals the metabolic rate varies proportionately with the amount of oxygen present. 1990 R. Conley Inch Loss Plan (BNC) 73 In today's introduction I referred to the importance of maintaining our metabolic rate. This is vital if we are to continue to lose weight and inches. metabolic syndrome n. [after German metabolische Syndrom (1977 (in the source of quot. 1977) or earlier)] Medicine a cluster of biochemical and physiological abnormalities (including elevated levels of glucose and triglycerides in the blood, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and abdominal obesity) associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. ΚΠ 1977 Zeitschrift Gesamte Innere Medizin & Grenzgebiete 32 127/2 The ‘metabolic syndrome’ [Ger. metabolische Syndrom] (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperuricemia, steatosis hepatis) with the increase of the viscosity of blood and plasma as well as disturbances of coagulation together with other factors of risk further the development of arteriosclerosis or has a directing influence on it. 1988 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Oct. 963/1 One putative connecting link in the metabolic syndrome is hyperinsulinaemia. 2002 Ladies Home Jrnl. June 90/2 These risk factors occur with obesity so often..that they all amount to a single disorder known as ‘metabolic syndrome’—a condition already afflicting about a quarter of U.S. adults. 2011 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 Apr. 53/1 Having metabolic syndrome is another way of saying that the cells in your body are actively ignoring the action of the hormone insulin—a condition known technically as being insulin-resistant. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1743
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