metabolismn.

Brit.

/mᵻˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/,

/mɛˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/məˈtæbəˌlɪz(ə)m/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek μεταβολή , -ism suffix.

Etymology: < ancient Greek μεταβολή change (see metabole n.) + -ism suffix, after metabolic adj. In sense 2 after German Metabolismus (1856 in this sense: L. I. Rückert Das Abendmahl (1856) 300); μεταβολή was used in Hellenistic Greek with reference to the Eucharistic elements. Compare French métabolisme (1858 in sense 1b).

†a. Biology. Structural change in a tissue. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [noun] > transformation of tissue

transformation1834

metamorphosis1844

metabolism1872

metaplasia1883

1872 W. A. Hollis in Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 6 381 Tissue metabolism, or the artificial induction of structural changes in living organisms.

b. Biology and Biochemistry. The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life; the interconnected sequences of mostly enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions by which a cell, tissue, organ, etc., sustains energy production, and synthesizes and breaks down complex molecules; anabolism and catabolism considered together; the overall rate at which these processes occur. Also: the chemical changes undergone in an organism by any particular substance.basal, constructive, destructive metabolism: see the first element. inborn error of metabolism: see inborn adj. 2d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > metabolism > [noun]

metabolism1878

basal metabolic rate1922

1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) Introd. 2 The protoplasm is continually undergoing chemical change (metabolism).

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 154 In the accession of fever increased metabolism precedes rise of temperature.

1940 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 27 282/2 Such a..conception of photosynthesis in green plants allows us to group the light metabolism of the bacteria and the ‘anaerobic light respiration’ of the plants under one term.

1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics iii. 77 Metabolism of alcohol..proceeded at about the same rate irrespective of whether the subjective was at rest or engaged in muscular activity.

1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. xxxi. 1098/1 Thyroid hormone stimulates metabolism, increases oxygen consumption, and causes a rise in heat production.

1971 B. N. La Du et al. (title) Fundamentals of drug metabolism and drug disposition.

1972 Internat. Jrnl. Biochem. 3 294 (heading) An anti-anabolic role of adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate in the control of liver metabolism.

1994 Nature Conservancy Jan. 30/1 Organisms with weird appetites and metabolisms are used in a new form of waste clean-up called bioremediation.

c. figurative and in extended use.

ΚΠ

1900 Mind 9 206 There are no such experiences in the concrete real world as..a whole which determines and in their metabolism conserves its parts.

1923 S. Webb & B. Webb Decay Capitalist Civilisation v. 85 Profit-making became increasingly subject to malignant growths and perverted metabolisms.

1940 L. MacNeice Poems 251 Smuggling over the frontier Of fact a sense of value, Metabolism of death, Re-orchestration of world.

1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 745/1 Kurokawa's ‘Helical City’..did in fact change the way architects thought about the city and its constant ‘metabolism’, growth and decay.

1988 E. Segal Doctors xxxvii. 558 As the sky grows darker the metabolism of the city slows down.

d. Architecture. With capital initial. A modernist movement in Japanese architecture, which viewed the city as a single entity and emphasized the need for an integrated approach to urban life, with buildings serving both public and private functions and being adaptable to changes in the city as a whole.See also quot. 1979 at sense 1c.The movement was founded in 1960 by a group of young architects under the direction of Kenzo Tange (1913–2005). The most famous example of its style is Kiyonori Kikutake's Nagakin Capsule Tower, Tokyo (1972).

ΚΠ

1960 K. Kikutake (title) Metabolism: proposals for a new urbanism.

1977 K. Kurokawa Metabolism in Archit. i. 27 The reason why we use the biological word metabolism is that we believe design and technology should denote human vitality.

1999 J. S. Curl Dict. Archit. (at cited word) Metabolism...was concerned with the nature..of public and private spaces. Prefabrication, advanced technology and industrialization were employed to create small capsules or living units..connected to service towers and circulation areas.

1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Postmodernism In Japan, Isozaki Arata and Yamashita Kazumasa led the move away from Brutalism and Metabolism toward a postmodernism inspired by Charles Moore.

2. Theology. The change undergone by the Eucharistic elements when they are consecrated (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1876 J. M'Clintock & J. Strong Cycl. Biblical, Theol., & Eccl. Lit. VI. 145/1 Metabolism is a term coined by..Rückert to describe the doctrinal views of..Ignatius, Justin, and Irenæus on the Lord's Supper. They stand midway between strict transubstantiation and the merely symbolical view.

1998 Church Times 13 Nov. 9/4 Intellectually, no one of any age understands the metabolism (transubstantiation), and the grace works ex opere operato.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	metabolism
释义	metabolismn. Brit. /mᵻˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/, /mɛˈtabəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /məˈtæbəˌlɪz(ə)m/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek μεταβολή , -ism suffix. Etymology: < ancient Greek μεταβολή change (see metabole n.) + -ism suffix, after metabolic adj. In sense 2 after German Metabolismus (1856 in this sense: L. I. Rückert Das Abendmahl (1856) 300); μεταβολή was used in Hellenistic Greek with reference to the Eucharistic elements. Compare French métabolisme (1858 in sense 1b). 1. †a. Biology. Structural change in a tissue. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [noun] > transformation of tissue transformation1834 metamorphosis1844 metabolism1872 metaplasia1883 1872 W. A. Hollis in Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 6 381 Tissue metabolism, or the artificial induction of structural changes in living organisms. b. Biology and Biochemistry. The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life; the interconnected sequences of mostly enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions by which a cell, tissue, organ, etc., sustains energy production, and synthesizes and breaks down complex molecules; anabolism and catabolism considered together; the overall rate at which these processes occur. Also: the chemical changes undergone in an organism by any particular substance.basal, constructive, destructive metabolism: see the first element. inborn error of metabolism: see inborn adj. 2d. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > metabolism > [noun] metabolism1878 basal metabolic rate1922 1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) Introd. 2 The protoplasm is continually undergoing chemical change (metabolism). 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 154 In the accession of fever increased metabolism precedes rise of temperature. 1940 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 27 282/2 Such a..conception of photosynthesis in green plants allows us to group the light metabolism of the bacteria and the ‘anaerobic light respiration’ of the plants under one term. 1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics iii. 77 Metabolism of alcohol..proceeded at about the same rate irrespective of whether the subjective was at rest or engaged in muscular activity. 1966 G. P. Wright & W. S. Symmers Systemic Pathol. II. xxxi. 1098/1 Thyroid hormone stimulates metabolism, increases oxygen consumption, and causes a rise in heat production. 1971 B. N. La Du et al. (title) Fundamentals of drug metabolism and drug disposition. 1972 Internat. Jrnl. Biochem. 3 294 (heading) An anti-anabolic role of adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate in the control of liver metabolism. 1994 Nature Conservancy Jan. 30/1 Organisms with weird appetites and metabolisms are used in a new form of waste clean-up called bioremediation. c. figurative and in extended use. ΚΠ 1900 Mind 9 206 There are no such experiences in the concrete real world as..a whole which determines and in their metabolism conserves its parts. 1923 S. Webb & B. Webb Decay Capitalist Civilisation v. 85 Profit-making became increasingly subject to malignant growths and perverted metabolisms. 1940 L. MacNeice Poems 251 Smuggling over the frontier Of fact a sense of value, Metabolism of death, Re-orchestration of world. 1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 745/1 Kurokawa's ‘Helical City’..did in fact change the way architects thought about the city and its constant ‘metabolism’, growth and decay. 1988 E. Segal Doctors xxxvii. 558 As the sky grows darker the metabolism of the city slows down. d. Architecture. With capital initial. A modernist movement in Japanese architecture, which viewed the city as a single entity and emphasized the need for an integrated approach to urban life, with buildings serving both public and private functions and being adaptable to changes in the city as a whole.See also quot. 1979 at sense 1c.The movement was founded in 1960 by a group of young architects under the direction of Kenzo Tange (1913–2005). The most famous example of its style is Kiyonori Kikutake's Nagakin Capsule Tower, Tokyo (1972). ΚΠ 1960 K. Kikutake (title) Metabolism: proposals for a new urbanism. 1977 K. Kurokawa Metabolism in Archit. i. 27 The reason why we use the biological word metabolism is that we believe design and technology should denote human vitality. 1999 J. S. Curl Dict. Archit. (at cited word) Metabolism...was concerned with the nature..of public and private spaces. Prefabrication, advanced technology and industrialization were employed to create small capsules or living units..connected to service towers and circulation areas. 1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Postmodernism In Japan, Isozaki Arata and Yamashita Kazumasa led the move away from Brutalism and Metabolism toward a postmodernism inspired by Charles Moore. 2. Theology. The change undergone by the Eucharistic elements when they are consecrated (see quots.). ΚΠ 1876 J. M'Clintock & J. Strong Cycl. Biblical, Theol., & Eccl. Lit. VI. 145/1 Metabolism is a term coined by..Rückert to describe the doctrinal views of..Ignatius, Justin, and Irenæus on the Lord's Supper. They stand midway between strict transubstantiation and the merely symbolical view. 1998 Church Times 13 Nov. 9/4 Intellectually, no one of any age understands the metabolism (transubstantiation), and the grace works ex opere operato. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1872
随便看	stupification stuping stupnet stupor stupor mundi stupor of the teeth stupor of the world stupor-inducing stupor-like stupor-producing stupor-stricken stuporific stuporinducing stuporlike stuporose stuporous stuporproducing stupors stuporstricken stupose stuppeous stupple stuprate stuprated stuprates