Metawilehn.adj.

Brit.

/mɛˈtɑːwᵻleɪ/, U.S.

/mɛˈtɑwᵻˌleɪ/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, Metawilehs.

Forms: 1700s Metaueli, 1700s Motouali, 1700s Mutevely, 1700s– Metaweli, 1800s Metuali, 1800s Metwali, 1800s Motewali, 1800s Motwali, 1800s Mutawali, 1800s Mutewelli, 1800s– Metawali, 1800s– Metawila, 1800s– Metawileh, 1800s– Mutawalli, 1900s– Matawila, 1900s– Metawaileh, 1900s– Metawala, 1900s– Metowala, 1900s– Mitawali, 1900s– Mutawila, 1900s– Mutawili.

Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic matāwila.

Etymology: < Arabic matāwila (in various colloquial pronunciations), either plural of (al-)mutawālī with sense of (al-)muwālī , use as noun of active participle of wālā to be a friend, supporter, or adherent of (in this context, Ahl al-Bayt , lit. ‘ The People of the House’, the family of the Prophet), or irregular plural of (al-)mutawallī , use as noun of active participle of tawallā to choose friendship with or bond of allegiance to (in this context, ʿAlī and ‘The People of his House’, descended from his cousin and father-in-law, the Prophet). Compare French metaueli (1773, translating German Metaweli (1772 in the passage translated in quot. 1792 at sense A.; see note below)).Some of the forms are influenced by the mistaken belief that the word is etymologically connected with the name of ʿAlī, with whom the sect is associated. The forms with -ll- probably represent an interpretation of the Arabic as -mutawallī rather than -mutawālī ; for a discussion of the French and Lebanese forms and of the confusion surrounding the etymology see Encycl. Islam (new ed., 1993) at Mutawālī. The first appearance of the word in Europe was probably in German in the passage translated in quot. 1792 at sense A.:1772 C. Niebuhr Beschreibung von Arabien I. 18 Die Metaweli oder Mût Ali in Syrien sind auch Schíiten.

A. n.

Usually in plural. A member of the Twelver Shiite Muslim community in Lebanon or a similar community that emigrated to Damascus in Syria. Cf. Twelver n.²

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > Metawileh > [noun]

Metawileh1783

1783 S. Lusignan Hist. Revolt Ali Bey 165 The different Mutevelys, in their different districts of Mount Libanus, keep the place clear of robbers.

1787 tr. C.-F. Volney Trav. Syria & Egypt II. xxiv. 84 We find another small nation, known in Syria by the name of Motoualis... They, like the Persians, are of the sect of Ali... The sectaries of Omar..term their adversaries Shiites, that is Sectaries, (of Ali). The word Motouali has the same meaning in the dialect of Syria.

1792 R. Heron tr. C. Niebuhr Trav. Arabia II. §xxv. i. 185 The Metaueli, or Mut-Ali, in Syria, are likewise Shiites.

1799 W. G. Browne Trav. Afr. 406 Some precaution was necessary against the Metaweli, Mohammedans of the sect of Ali, who once formed a powerful and ferocious tribe.

1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 395/1 'Alí, whose followers, here called Motewálís, or Mutewellís, are persecuted by the Sunnís.

1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 395/1 This word..has been variously spelt Metwalí, Motwâli, &c.

1860 D. Urquhart Lebanon I. xi. 96 The Metuali..do not exceed 60,000.

1872 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 1 323 [The village] is inhabited by one family of Roman Catholics, with sundry Maronites and a majority of Mutawalis (Shiah Moslems).

1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 177/1 In 1400 it [sc. Baalbec] was pillaged by Timur..and afterwards it fell into the hands of the Metaweli, a barbarous predatory tribe.

1877 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 40 442 There exist four Mohammedan sects in Syria, Druses, Nazairiyeh, Ismailieh, and Metawileh.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 711/1 The present town [of Tyre] has arisen since the Metâwila occupied the district in 1766.

1900 G. Bell Let. 8 June (1927) I. 119 The Metawaileh (he belonged to that peculiar Muhammadan sect—please note that in the plural the accent is on the second syllable—Metāwaileh).

1917 T. E. Lawrence Let. 10 July (1938) 231 The Metowala [sic] of the Jebel Amr.

1926 T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars (subscribers' ed.) lix. 313 On the higher slopes of the hills clustered settlements of Metawala, Shia Mohammedans from Persia generations ago.

1969 H. Z. Hirschberg in A. J. Arberry Relig. Middle East II. xviii. 340 A harsh judgement awaits the Mutāwila (the adherents of ʿAlī).

1980 D. C. Gordon Lebanon 40 In Lebanon the Shiʿites are also called the Mitawali.

1987 E. Kohlberg in M. Kramer Shiʿism, Resistance, & Revolution ii. 39 Goldziher makes it clear that the Mutawallis are ‘regular Imamis [whose] religious leaders occasionally receive their education in Persia’.

B. adj.

Of or relating to the Metawileh.

ΚΠ

1860 D. Urquhart Lebanon I. xi. 94 The Metuali race..in religion..are Shiites, in race Arabs.

1909 T. E. Lawrence Let. 2 Aug. (1938) 68 Nabatiyeh, the Metawileh (Xtian) Headquarters in the hills.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	metawileh
释义	Metawilehn.adj. Brit. /mɛˈtɑːwᵻleɪ/, U.S. /mɛˈtɑwᵻˌleɪ/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, Metawilehs. Forms: 1700s Metaueli, 1700s Motouali, 1700s Mutevely, 1700s– Metaweli, 1800s Metuali, 1800s Metwali, 1800s Motewali, 1800s Motwali, 1800s Mutawali, 1800s Mutewelli, 1800s– Metawali, 1800s– Metawila, 1800s– Metawileh, 1800s– Mutawalli, 1900s– Matawila, 1900s– Metawaileh, 1900s– Metawala, 1900s– Metowala, 1900s– Mitawali, 1900s– Mutawila, 1900s– Mutawili. Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic matāwila. Etymology: < Arabic matāwila (in various colloquial pronunciations), either plural of (al-)mutawālī with sense of (al-)muwālī , use as noun of active participle of wālā to be a friend, supporter, or adherent of (in this context, Ahl al-Bayt , lit. ‘ The People of the House’, the family of the Prophet), or irregular plural of (al-)mutawallī , use as noun of active participle of tawallā to choose friendship with or bond of allegiance to (in this context, ʿAlī and ‘The People of his House’, descended from his cousin and father-in-law, the Prophet). Compare French metaueli (1773, translating German Metaweli (1772 in the passage translated in quot. 1792 at sense A.; see note below)).Some of the forms are influenced by the mistaken belief that the word is etymologically connected with the name of ʿAlī, with whom the sect is associated. The forms with -ll- probably represent an interpretation of the Arabic as -mutawallī rather than -mutawālī ; for a discussion of the French and Lebanese forms and of the confusion surrounding the etymology see Encycl. Islam (new ed., 1993) at Mutawālī. The first appearance of the word in Europe was probably in German in the passage translated in quot. 1792 at sense A.:1772 C. Niebuhr Beschreibung von Arabien I. 18 Die Metaweli oder Mût Ali in Syrien sind auch Schíiten. A. n. Usually in plural. A member of the Twelver Shiite Muslim community in Lebanon or a similar community that emigrated to Damascus in Syria. Cf. Twelver n.² ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > Metawileh > [noun] Metawileh1783 1783 S. Lusignan Hist. Revolt Ali Bey 165 The different Mutevelys, in their different districts of Mount Libanus, keep the place clear of robbers. 1787 tr. C.-F. Volney Trav. Syria & Egypt II. xxiv. 84 We find another small nation, known in Syria by the name of Motoualis... They, like the Persians, are of the sect of Ali... The sectaries of Omar..term their adversaries Shiites, that is Sectaries, (of Ali). The word Motouali has the same meaning in the dialect of Syria. 1792 R. Heron tr. C. Niebuhr Trav. Arabia II. §xxv. i. 185 The Metaueli, or Mut-Ali, in Syria, are likewise Shiites. 1799 W. G. Browne Trav. Afr. 406 Some precaution was necessary against the Metaweli, Mohammedans of the sect of Ali, who once formed a powerful and ferocious tribe. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 395/1 'Alí, whose followers, here called Motewálís, or Mutewellís, are persecuted by the Sunnís. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 395/1 This word..has been variously spelt Metwalí, Motwâli, &c. 1860 D. Urquhart Lebanon I. xi. 96 The Metuali..do not exceed 60,000. 1872 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 1 323 [The village] is inhabited by one family of Roman Catholics, with sundry Maronites and a majority of Mutawalis (Shiah Moslems). 1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 177/1 In 1400 it [sc. Baalbec] was pillaged by Timur..and afterwards it fell into the hands of the Metaweli, a barbarous predatory tribe. 1877 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 40 442 There exist four Mohammedan sects in Syria, Druses, Nazairiyeh, Ismailieh, and Metawileh. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 711/1 The present town [of Tyre] has arisen since the Metâwila occupied the district in 1766. 1900 G. Bell Let. 8 June (1927) I. 119 The Metawaileh (he belonged to that peculiar Muhammadan sect—please note that in the plural the accent is on the second syllable—Metāwaileh). 1917 T. E. Lawrence Let. 10 July (1938) 231 The Metowala [sic] of the Jebel Amr. 1926 T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars (subscribers' ed.) lix. 313 On the higher slopes of the hills clustered settlements of Metawala, Shia Mohammedans from Persia generations ago. 1969 H. Z. Hirschberg in A. J. Arberry Relig. Middle East II. xviii. 340 A harsh judgement awaits the Mutāwila (the adherents of ʿAlī). 1980 D. C. Gordon Lebanon 40 In Lebanon the Shiʿites are also called the Mitawali. 1987 E. Kohlberg in M. Kramer Shiʿism, Resistance, & Revolution ii. 39 Goldziher makes it clear that the Mutawallis are ‘regular Imamis [whose] religious leaders occasionally receive their education in Persia’. B. adj. Of or relating to the Metawileh. ΚΠ 1860 D. Urquhart Lebanon I. xi. 94 The Metuali race..in religion..are Shiites, in race Arabs. 1909 T. E. Lawrence Let. 2 Aug. (1938) 68 Nabatiyeh, the Metawileh (Xtian) Headquarters in the hills. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1783
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