methylenen.

Brit.

/ˈmɛθᵻliːn/, U.S.

/ˈmɛθəˌlin/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French méthylène.

Etymology: < French méthylène (J. Dumas & E. Péligot 1835, in Ann. de chim. et de physique 58 9) < ancient Greek μέθυ wine (see mead n.¹) + ὕλη wood (see hyle n., and compare -yl suffix) + -ène -ene comb. form, after French esprit-de-bois wood spirit. Compare Swedish metylen (Berzelius 1835, in Årsberättelser om vetenskapernas framsteg, afgifne af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens embetsmän 375), German Methylen (F. Wöhler 1836, in Jahres-Bericht über die Fortschritte der physischen Wissensch. 15 380).

Chemistry.

Originally: a hydrocarbon radical present in wood spirit (which consists chiefly of methanol). Later: the group or radical —CH₂—, which is the basic unit of saturated hydrocarbon chains and occurs in many other organic compounds.In early use, not clearly distinct from methyl n. In quots. 1838 and 1868², applied to methanol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > hydrocarbon radicals > named, by number of carbon atoms > one

methylene1835

methyl1840

methene1867

1835 Rec. Gen. Sci. 2 375 Dumas has..coined a new name to distinguish this base, viz. Methylene.

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 180 This is the compound to which Dumas and Peligot have given the name of hydrate of methylene, and which I have considered as methylene.

1868 Sci. Amer. 2 May 278/1 For the purpose of dissolving one pound of purple or blue aniline colors.., from twenty to thirty pounds of the strongest alcohol, or a still larger quantity of methylene or wood spirit, are required.

1868 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 3) 156 Bichloride of Methylene has lately been recommended by Dr. Richardson as a safer anæsthetic than chloroform.

1938 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. i. 413 It is demonstrated that free methylene is to be regarded rather as a highly reactive molecule than a free radical in the sense that methyl is.

1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements I. 532 Methylene diradical can be made from methylene bromide and sodium vapour, but it seems to polymerise and react in other ways at once.

1976 Sci. Amer. Feb. 102/3 Even carbon–hydrogen bonds..are ruptured on nearly every encounter with the simplest carbene, methylene.

1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game xvi. 207 Numerals in brackets denote the number of methylenes in the bridges.

Compounds

methylene azure n. [after German Methylenazur (A. Bernthsen 1885, in Ann. der Chemie 230 169)] a phenothiazine dye formed as an oxidation product of methylene blue, used chiefly as a biological stain.

ΚΠ

1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon at Methylene Methylene azure, C₁₆H₁₈N₃SO₂. An oxidation product of methylene blue.

1925 H. J. Cohn et al. Biol. Stains v. 47 Anyone who has had much experience with the stain is familiar with..the reddish shades of methylene azure.

1945 J. R. Baker Cytol. Technique (ed. 2) vi. 166 In aqueous solution,..methylene blue is partly transformed into other dyes, methylene azure and Bernthsen's methylene violet.

1983 G. Clark & F. H. Kasten Histol. Staining (ed. 3) xv. 114 It further appears from Bernthsen's own spectroscopic data..that his methylene azure was probably azure B.

methylene blue n. a basic phenothiazine dye that is used as a stain and indicator in microbiology and histology, as an antiseptic, and as a treatment for methaemoglobinaemia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > other dyes

stone-blue1675

starch blue1742

Saxon blue1753

fig-blue1786

chemic1792

Turkey blue1815

Paris blue1835

Saxony blue1857

soluble blue1879

methylene blue1882

indoin1884

phenylene blue1884

indamine1888

Nile blue1888

gallamine blue1889

neutral blue1889

chrome-blue1892

toluidine blue1898

indanthrene1901

Saxe blue1905

trypan blue1911

mandarin blue1912

1882 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 42 127 Methylene blue resists the action of soap, chlorine, and light.

1885 E. Klein Micro-org. 84 Stained with methylene blue and vesuvin.

1925 H. J. Conn et al. Biol. Stains v. 48 Methylene blue should be partly polychromed in order to have its best staining powers.

1967 Brain 90 70 The intramuscular nerve fibres and endings were selectively stained by intravital methylene blue.

1991 Lancet 19 Oct. 1021/1 An association between the use of methylene blue in amniocentesis of twin pregnancies and atresia of the ileum and jejunum at birth.

1997 Jrnl. Postgrad. Med. 43 73 A young girl with nitrobenzene induced methaemoglobinaemia was saved by the timely use of mechanical ventilator, administration of oral methylene blue and parenteral ascorbic acid.

methylene chloride n. the organic solvent dichloromethane, CH₂Cl₂.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > alkanes > alkane derivatives

iodomethane1868

dichloromethane1869

nitromethane1872

methylene chloride1880

diazomethane1894

methylene dichloride1895

1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 307 Methylene chloride, CH₂Cl₂, is best obtained by cautiously adding hydrochloric acid to a mixture of alcohol, chloroform, and metallic zinc.

1953 O. E. Anderson Refrigeration in Amer. xii. 193 Other absorption machines were brought out for air-conditioning work. One of these used methylene chloride as the refrigerant.

1973 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 103 Suppl. 5. 10 The goddess has now been degreased with lustrations of methylene chloride and acetone.

1989 Which? Oct. 480/1 Flexible foam manufacturers are switching in the short term to methylene chloride, but they plan to use alternative CFCs when available.

methylene dichloride n. = methylene chloride n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > alkanes > alkane derivatives

iodomethane1868

dichloromethane1869

nitromethane1872

methylene chloride1880

diazomethane1894

methylene dichloride1895

1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) A. 185 554 Three dichlorides were investigated, viz., methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, and ethylidene dichrloride.

1941 F. E. Ray Org. Chem. ii. 31 (table) Dichloromethane..Methylene dichloride..CH₂Cl₂.

1984 Which? Oct. 466/1 As methylene dichloride is a skin irritant and a hazard if inhaled, we don't think it should be sold in this sort of container.

methylene violet n. [after German Methylenviolett (A. Bernthsen 1885, in Ann. der Chemie 230 169)] a neutral phenothiazine dye formed as an oxidation product of methylene blue, used chiefly as a biological stain and indicator.

ΚΠ

1924 Science 28 Nov. 502/1 Such products were probably prepared from methylene blue by treatments..milder in degree than those employed in the manufacture of certain American methylene violets and azures.

1945 J. R. Baker Cytol. Technique (ed. 2) vi. 166 In aqueous solution,..methylene blue is partly transformed into other dyes, methylene azure and Bernthsen's methylene violet.

1960 E. Gurr Encycl. Microsc. Stains i. 267 The azurs 1, A, B and C, and methylene violet..are present in varying degrees in the Romanowski type of stains.

1990 Photochem. & Photobiol. 52 489 The potential photodynamic sensitizers..Methylene Violet..and bis-aluminium phthalocyanine were examined for their photoeffects.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	methylene
释义	methylenen. Brit. /ˈmɛθᵻliːn/, U.S. /ˈmɛθəˌlin/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French méthylène. Etymology: < French méthylène (J. Dumas & E. Péligot 1835, in Ann. de chim. et de physique 58 9) < ancient Greek μέθυ wine (see mead n.¹) + ὕλη wood (see hyle n., and compare -yl suffix) + -ène -ene comb. form, after French esprit-de-bois wood spirit. Compare Swedish metylen (Berzelius 1835, in Årsberättelser om vetenskapernas framsteg, afgifne af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens embetsmän 375), German Methylen (F. Wöhler 1836, in Jahres-Bericht über die Fortschritte der physischen Wissensch. 15 380). Chemistry. Originally: a hydrocarbon radical present in wood spirit (which consists chiefly of methanol). Later: the group or radical —CH₂—, which is the basic unit of saturated hydrocarbon chains and occurs in many other organic compounds.In early use, not clearly distinct from methyl n. In quots. 1838 and 1868², applied to methanol. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > hydrocarbon radicals > named, by number of carbon atoms > one methylene1835 methyl1840 methene1867 1835 Rec. Gen. Sci. 2 375 Dumas has..coined a new name to distinguish this base, viz. Methylene. 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 180 This is the compound to which Dumas and Peligot have given the name of hydrate of methylene, and which I have considered as methylene. 1868 Sci. Amer. 2 May 278/1 For the purpose of dissolving one pound of purple or blue aniline colors.., from twenty to thirty pounds of the strongest alcohol, or a still larger quantity of methylene or wood spirit, are required. 1868 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 3) 156 Bichloride of Methylene has lately been recommended by Dr. Richardson as a safer anæsthetic than chloroform. 1938 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. i. 413 It is demonstrated that free methylene is to be regarded rather as a highly reactive molecule than a free radical in the sense that methyl is. 1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements I. 532 Methylene diradical can be made from methylene bromide and sodium vapour, but it seems to polymerise and react in other ways at once. 1976 Sci. Amer. Feb. 102/3 Even carbon–hydrogen bonds..are ruptured on nearly every encounter with the simplest carbene, methylene. 1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game xvi. 207 Numerals in brackets denote the number of methylenes in the bridges. Compounds methylene azure n. [after German Methylenazur (A. Bernthsen 1885, in Ann. der Chemie 230 169)] a phenothiazine dye formed as an oxidation product of methylene blue, used chiefly as a biological stain. ΚΠ 1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon at Methylene Methylene azure, C₁₆H₁₈N₃SO₂. An oxidation product of methylene blue. 1925 H. J. Cohn et al. Biol. Stains v. 47 Anyone who has had much experience with the stain is familiar with..the reddish shades of methylene azure. 1945 J. R. Baker Cytol. Technique (ed. 2) vi. 166 In aqueous solution,..methylene blue is partly transformed into other dyes, methylene azure and Bernthsen's methylene violet. 1983 G. Clark & F. H. Kasten Histol. Staining (ed. 3) xv. 114 It further appears from Bernthsen's own spectroscopic data..that his methylene azure was probably azure B. methylene blue n. a basic phenothiazine dye that is used as a stain and indicator in microbiology and histology, as an antiseptic, and as a treatment for methaemoglobinaemia. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > other dyes stone-blue1675 starch blue1742 Saxon blue1753 fig-blue1786 chemic1792 Turkey blue1815 Paris blue1835 Saxony blue1857 soluble blue1879 methylene blue1882 indoin1884 phenylene blue1884 indamine1888 Nile blue1888 gallamine blue1889 neutral blue1889 chrome-blue1892 toluidine blue1898 indanthrene1901 Saxe blue1905 trypan blue1911 mandarin blue1912 1882 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 42 127 Methylene blue resists the action of soap, chlorine, and light. 1885 E. Klein Micro-org. 84 Stained with methylene blue and vesuvin. 1925 H. J. Conn et al. Biol. Stains v. 48 Methylene blue should be partly polychromed in order to have its best staining powers. 1967 Brain 90 70 The intramuscular nerve fibres and endings were selectively stained by intravital methylene blue. 1991 Lancet 19 Oct. 1021/1 An association between the use of methylene blue in amniocentesis of twin pregnancies and atresia of the ileum and jejunum at birth. 1997 Jrnl. Postgrad. Med. 43 73 A young girl with nitrobenzene induced methaemoglobinaemia was saved by the timely use of mechanical ventilator, administration of oral methylene blue and parenteral ascorbic acid. methylene chloride n. the organic solvent dichloromethane, CH₂Cl₂. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > alkanes > alkane derivatives iodomethane1868 dichloromethane1869 nitromethane1872 methylene chloride1880 diazomethane1894 methylene dichloride1895 1880 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 38 307 Methylene chloride, CH₂Cl₂, is best obtained by cautiously adding hydrochloric acid to a mixture of alcohol, chloroform, and metallic zinc. 1953 O. E. Anderson Refrigeration in Amer. xii. 193 Other absorption machines were brought out for air-conditioning work. One of these used methylene chloride as the refrigerant. 1973 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 103 Suppl. 5. 10 The goddess has now been degreased with lustrations of methylene chloride and acetone. 1989 Which? Oct. 480/1 Flexible foam manufacturers are switching in the short term to methylene chloride, but they plan to use alternative CFCs when available. methylene dichloride n. = methylene chloride n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > alkanes > alkane derivatives iodomethane1868 dichloromethane1869 nitromethane1872 methylene chloride1880 diazomethane1894 methylene dichloride1895 1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) A. 185 554 Three dichlorides were investigated, viz., methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, and ethylidene dichrloride. 1941 F. E. Ray Org. Chem. ii. 31 (table) Dichloromethane..Methylene dichloride..CH₂Cl₂. 1984 Which? Oct. 466/1 As methylene dichloride is a skin irritant and a hazard if inhaled, we don't think it should be sold in this sort of container. methylene violet n. [after German Methylenviolett (A. Bernthsen 1885, in Ann. der Chemie 230 169)] a neutral phenothiazine dye formed as an oxidation product of methylene blue, used chiefly as a biological stain and indicator. ΚΠ 1924 Science 28 Nov. 502/1 Such products were probably prepared from methylene blue by treatments..milder in degree than those employed in the manufacture of certain American methylene violets and azures. 1945 J. R. Baker Cytol. Technique (ed. 2) vi. 166 In aqueous solution,..methylene blue is partly transformed into other dyes, methylene azure and Bernthsen's methylene violet. 1960 E. Gurr Encycl. Microsc. Stains i. 267 The azurs 1, A, B and C, and methylene violet..are present in varying degrees in the Romanowski type of stains. 1990 Photochem. & Photobiol. 52 489 The potential photodynamic sensitizers..Methylene Violet..and bis-aluminium phthalocyanine were examined for their photoeffects. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1835
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