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单词 midst
释义

midstn.prep.adv.

Brit. /mɪdst/, U.S. /mɪdst/
Forms: late Middle English myddist, late Middle English mydiste, late Middle English–1500s medeste, late Middle English–1600s myddest, late Middle English–1700s (1800s– archaic. rare) middest, 1500s middeste, 1500s myddeste, 1500s mydst, 1500s–1600s middst, 1500s–1600s midest, 1500s–1700s mid'st, 1500s– midst, 1600s midd'st; Scottish pre-1700 meidest, pre-1700 middest, pre-1700 middist, pre-1700 midest, pre-1700 midst, pre-1700 myddest, pre-1700 myddist. Also (in sense B.) 1600s– 'midst.
Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: mids n.; middest adj.
Etymology: Probably partly a variant of mids n. with excrescent -t (see T n.), and partly (especially in sense C. 1) a variant of middest adj.The use as preposition has frequently been taken as aphetic for amidst prep., as the spelling 'midst shows.
A. n.
1. The middle point, part, or position (spatially or temporally); = middle adj. 1. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > middle or centre
middleeOE
mideOE
midwardOE
middleheada1325
pointc1330
midsa1382
meanc1390
middleward1431
midstc1450
centrea1500
centrya1535
navel1604
umbilic1607
meditullium1611
half-way1634
umbrila1636
amidst1664
eye1671
umbil1688
omphalos1845
mid-career1911
middle-middle1926
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5396 He saȝe a dym cloude..and stiȝtild in þe myddest A grete grysely god.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 455 He was at þe myddest of þe brygg.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 175 He died, before he had brought the worke to ye midst.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 7v Ierusalem, which..is in the midst of our Hemysphere.
1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers F j I will but touch three parts: to wit, the beginning, the middest, and the end.
1595 Blanchardine & Eglantine ii. xiii. sig. I2 Subbion in the middest, and Blanchardine the hindmost.
1617 Acct.-bk. W. Wray in Antiquary (1896) 32 214/1 King James..about the middest of march tooke his p'gresse towards Scotland.
1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 210 About the midst of January.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Shrop. 1 This Shire being almost in the middest of England.
1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 319 If thou open the black stone Cyamea, thou shalt find a bean in the midst.
1695 J. Dryden in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica Pref. p. xliv One Play..where there is nothing in the First Act, but what might have been said or done in the Fifth; nor any thing in the Midst, which might not have been plac'd as well in the Beginning or the End.
a1894 R. L. Stevenson Misadv. J. Nicholson in Tales & Fantasies (1905) 76 He was not past the midst of the first field.
2.
a. A position or region surrounded or enveloped by something, or a number of things or people. Chiefly in in the midst of (formerly also †among the midst of, etc.): amongst, amid, surrounded by, in the interior or central part of; (without explicit reference to location) during the occurrence or continuance of, fully engaged or occupied in, in the process of; cf. in the middle of at middle n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > position of being in the midst
middleeOE
mideOE
midsa1382
midst1535
the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > position of being among > among [preposition]
amongeOE
amidOE
amongst1258
in (the) mids (of)a1382
in the middle ofc1384
amella1400
amidmonga1500
in the midst of1535
in midst (of)a1556
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > in progress [phrase] > while something is going on
in the midst of1535
in midst (of)a1556
in the middle of1609
thick1681
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Luke iv. 35 And the deuell threw him in the myddest [1611 middes] amonge them.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Buriall f. xxiiii* In the myddest of lyfe we be in death.
1558 J. Knox First Blast against Monstruous Regiment Women f. 10v A woman sitteth crowned in parliament amongest the middest of men.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xiii. sig. I2 While you were in the middest of your sport.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxxii. 109 In the midest of the battell.
1611 Bible (King James) Deut. iv. 12 And the Lord spake vnto you out of the midst of the fire. View more context for this quotation
1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 315 To plucke thee out of the middest of a froward and crooked generation.
a1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant in Wks. (1687) 445 Made his Way with his Sword alone..into the middest of their Troops.
1735 G. Berkeley Querist §412 A cold, damp, sordid habitation, in the midst of a bleak country.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 153. ⁋6 In the midst of an adventure.
1819 P. B. Shelley Rosalind & Helen 46 In the midst of a city vast and wide.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 289 Armies..were kept up in the midst of peace.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. i. 8 From the midst of those smiling heavens he had seen a sword hanging.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 154 Crete, in the midst of the waters lies.
1901 B. T. Washington Up from Slavery i. 1 My life had its beginning in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging surroundings.
1913 Sat. Evening Post Sept. 10/1 The bull voice of Bron was thrust into the midst of the talk.
1931 H. Read Meaning of Art ii. 87 The Flemish painters seem to assert that the divine can only be discovered in the midst of humanity.
1953 J. Wain Hurry on Down 202 The tiny station was in the midst of its one daily half-hour of alertness.
1992 A. Thorpe Ulverton iii. 57 A wind got up and I had to rise in the middest of the night with a lanthorn to shut fast a door.
1997 Classical Music Mag. Dec. 11/2 Michael Matthews..is in the midst of completing two new works for upcoming premieres by the Manitoba Chamber Orchestra.
b. Without article: in midst (of). Now rare (chiefly poetic in later use).Occasionally also (poetic, as quot. 1671) with transposition of a possessive adjective.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [preposition] > in the middle or midst (of)
amidOE
amidstc1300
imid1340
imiddes1340
in midst (of)a1556
the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > position of being among > among [preposition]
amongeOE
amidOE
amongst1258
in (the) mids (of)a1382
in the middle ofc1384
amella1400
amidmonga1500
in the midst of1535
in midst (of)a1556
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > in progress [phrase] > while something is going on
in the midst of1535
in midst (of)a1556
in the middle of1609
thick1681
a1556 Harpalus' Compl. ix, in G. Gilfillan Less-known Poets (1859) I. 129 It seem'd unhap had him long hatcht In midst of his dispairs.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. F6v In middest of the race.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ix. sig. H6v I euer..ioyd to stirre vp strife, In middest of their mournfull Tragedy.
1617 Janua Linguarum Advt. That should haue brought thee in midst a faire orchyard.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1339 And in my midst of sorrow and heart-grief To shew them feats. View more context for this quotation
1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 112 In midst, His worn cheek channell'd with unwonted tears, The Landgrave.
1880 W. Watson Prince's Quest 63 There towered In middest of that silent realm deflowered A palace.
1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 371 Eighteen years after this nightcap-night in the Charterhouse of Boston, in midst of an essay called ‘Teacher’, my Parker will pen.
c. With a possessive, usually a plural possessive adjective: (in) our (also your, their, its) midst.This use is scarcely found before the 19th cent.; the solitary example from the 16th cent. does not prove that it was current. Cf. in her middis (= in their midst) in quot. c1475.
ΚΠ
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 12 Wickidnesse schal compasce here vp on her wall, and traueil in her middis.]
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxxxv. 25 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 228 Not so his dreadfull showes he ceas'd, But did them still in Egipts mid'st renew.
1794 C. John in R. Southey Life A. Bell (1844) I. 205 If we then could have had our dear Dr. Bell in our midst, our pleasures and improvements would have been greatly heightened.
1825 J. Montgomery in Christan Psalmist (1828) 414 Lo, in their midst his form was seen, The form in which He died.
1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire v. 81 When..his shield [should] be hung aloft once more in the camp's midst, a sign of help to the poor and the oppressed.
1867 W. L. Newman in Quest. Reformed Parl. 119 Her vast and available coalfields, her iron mines, the energy of her people, founded cities in her midst.
1869 J. Martineau Ess., Rev., & Addr. (1891) II. 133 The enduring light that broke out in their midst.
1904 C. B. Fry's Mag. June 364/1 The little toy dog of Tibet..is no novelty in our midst.
1942 Yank 14 Oct. 2 English neighbors tasted this clannishness soon after the troopers settled in their midst.
1951 F. R. Kensinger in H. Brickell O. Henry Prize Stories of 1951 146 The parents surmised it, perhaps, at shadowy moments in the night's midst when they lay in uneasy wakefulness.
1987 J. Diski Rainforest ii. 24 Often men from the local village..would drop in to join the company of strangers in their midst.
d. to leave in the midst [after classical Latin in medio relinquere] : to leave undecided, refrain from giving an opinion on. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > be in suspense [verb (intransitive)] > suspend judgement or action
suspend1585
to leave in the midst1609
(to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1830
wait for it1930
1609 Bp. J. Hall Passion-serm. 12 I leaue it modestly in the middest; let the learneder iudge.
1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. i. xv. 107 I leave it in the middest, till further proofe of the truth be made.
3. Scottish. A middle course or point, a mean between two extremes. Cf. mids n. 2. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1617 Sir J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 19 Rather following the Extremity than the right Midst.
a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James II in Wks. (1711) 30 The Majesty of a Prince, hardly falleth from a Height to a Midst, but easily is precipitated from any Midst, to the lowest Degree and Station.
1678 R. Barclay Apol. True Christian Divinity vii. §2. 202 They have laboured after a Midst betwixt these two extreams.
1786 A. Gib Καινα και Παλαια: Sacred Contempl. i. vii. ii. 158 There can be no proper midst in a Soul, betwixt moral good and evil.
B. prep.
In the midst of; †between (obsolete).
ΚΠ
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. E2v And midst the sentence so her accent breakes, That twise she doth begin ere once she speakes. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iii. 3 I would ne're haue fled, But that they left me 'midst my Enemies. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 28 From whence a voice From midst a Golden Cloud thus milde was heard. View more context for this quotation
1682 T. Creech tr. Lucretius De natura rerum iii. 77 The peaceful Ox, contains most parts of Air, Not subject unto too much Rage, nor Fear, A Temper, 'midst the Lion, and the Deer.
1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 2 And 'midst the Desart fruitful Fields arise.
1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais xxxi. 17 Midst others of less note, came one frail Form, A phantom among men.
1875 W. Morris tr. Virgil Æneids vii. 563 Midst Italy a place there is 'neath mountains high set down.
1924 E. Sitwell Sleeping Beauty 27 'Midst brightly perfumed water-flowing Eighteenth-century silks.
1993 H. Gardner Creating Minds iv. 119 Einstein had to struggle mightily to make time for his work midst the many competing demands on his time.
C. adv.
1. In the middle place. Obsolete.Only in first, last, and midst and similar phrases recalling Milton's use (quot. 1667).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > middle > [adverb]
midst1667
middlemost1696
intermediately1736
mediately1794
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. Prol. 1 In the whiche gospel it is profitable to men desyrynge God, so to knowe the first, the mydmeste, other the last.]
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 165 On Earth joyn all yee Creatures to extoll Him first, him last, him midst, and without end. View more context for this quotation
1773 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 426 May God grant you every blessing. Remember Him first, last, and midst.
1854 T. De Quincey On War in Select. Grave & Gay IV. 273 Every nation's duty first, midst, and last, is to itself.
2. poetic. In the midst. Usually with of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > [adverb] > while something is in progress
midst1675
midmost1800
the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [adverb] > in the middle or midst
amidOE
tomidsOE
midwardOE
amidstc1300
in midsc1400
midc1425
midsc1425
in mida1500
midmost1700
amidmost1870
midst1883
midwards1892
1675 N. Lee Trag. Nero iv. i If I gaze long, I shall my nature lose: Mid'st of my full carreer, I stop and muse.
1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 382 And [she] midst of kisses with his hair did play.
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. vi. 16 And midst there was a goodly chantry seen.
1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche iv. v. 42 The grassy plat Midst of her garden, where she had her seat.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.prep.adv.c1450
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