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单词 mien
释义

mienn.1

Brit. /miːn/, U.S. /min/
Forms: 1500s–1600s meane, 1500s–1700s mine, 1600s meine, 1600s miene, 1600s myen, 1600s–1800s meen, 1600s–1800s mein, 1600s– mien; Scottish pre-1700 meine, pre-1700 men, pre-1700 mene, pre-1700 meyn, 1700s– mien.
Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: demean n.; French mine.
Etymology: Probably a merging of two words of distinct origins: (i) shortened < demean n.; (ii) a loan < Middle French, French mine countenance, facial expression (13th cent. in Old French in phrase faire mines to grimace, make faces), appearance, manner, air (late 15th cent.), probably < Breton min muzzle (see below).Breton min is cognate with Welsh min lip, mouth, brim (14th–15th cent.), Cornish min lip, mouth, Early Irish mén opening of the mouth, open mouth; further etymology uncertain: perhaps related to the Indo-European base of maw n.1 Compare Middle Dutch mine (Dutch mine , mijne ), Middle Low German mīne , German †Mine (17th cent.), Miene (18th cent.), Swedish min (17th cent.), Danish mine , all ultimately < French; transmission into the Scandinavian languages is probably via Low German. In phrase to make (a) mien at Phrases, probably after Middle French, French faire (la) mine (de) (late 16th cent. in this sense); in phrase to make a good mien upon , probably after French faire bonne mine à (mauvais jeu) (1629 in this sense (see bonne mine n.); compare German gute Miene zum bösen Spiel machen, after the French phrase). Compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) I. 412 for 17th-cent. evidence for a pronunciation rhyming with mine.
In later use frequently literary and poetic.
1. The look, bearing, manner, or †conduct of a person, as showing character, mood, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > demeanour or bearing
i-bereOE
i-letelOE
lundc1175
semblanta1240
countenancec1290
fare1297
porturec1300
bearinga1325
portc1330
abearc1350
demeaning14..
habit1413
apporta1423
havingsa1425
maintenance?c1436
demeanc1450
maintain?1473
deport1474
maintaining1477
demeanance1486
affair1487
containing1487
behaviour1490
representation1490
haviour?1504
demeanour1509
miena1522
function1578
amenance1590
comportance1590
portance1590
purport1590
manage1593
style1596
dispose1601
deportments1603
comportment1605
garb1605
aira1616
deportment1638
comport1660
tour1702
sway1753
disport1761
maintien1814
tenue1828
portment1833
allure1841
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. xi. 20 Lyke as he had dyspite, and bostand men.
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 210 To hant bawdry and onlesum meyn.
1593 J. Eliot Ortho-epia Gallica 167 He is an Alchymist by his mine [Fr. mine].
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. ix. sig. Gg4 Her rare demeanure, which him seemed So farre the meane of shepheards to excell, As that [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 158 The Princesse, who had now converted her widdowly meane into fresh teares of conjugall affection.
1655 W. Sales Theophania IV. 107 The beauty of his person, his meine, and deportment considered together, had such a powerful influence, that even the chastest Virgins, to maintain their vertue, contended for his love.
1682 J. Banks Vertue Betray'd i. i. 25 Behold the Queen in her first State and Greatness! But yet she bears it with no welcome meen.
1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 1. 2 It is a Jest..to talk of amending the Mein and Air of a Cripple.
1724 M. Concanen in Misc. Poems 71 One of these Fops, who crowd behind our Scenes, To shew their ill-shap'd Legs, and awkward Miens.
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 829 See..Fops at all corners, lady-like in mien . View more context for this quotation
1818 J. Morier Second Journey through Persia viii. 143 The Governor of Kashan, a man of humble mein although of considerable rank, came in.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. v. 124 He could assume a look and mien that were almost noble.
1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. v. 174 Gordon's downcast mien did not change.
1907 J. Joyce Chamber Music viii Who passes in the sweet sunlight With mien so virginal?
1947 M. Lowry Under Volcano ii. 66 You might have acquired..a mien, a mask, a way, at any rate, of throwing a look into your face..of sublime dishonest detachment.
1967 C. Jackson Second-hand Life (1968) ii. 153 If it had been Jack, he would have been conscious of his whole mien as he sat there, conscious even of the effect his leg, with its show of bare flesh, was having on any watching female.
1981 P. P. Read Villa Golitsyn i. vi. 43 Short, thick-set, strutting husbands, men with bulls' necks and self-important miens.
2. In extended senses: the bearing, character, appearance, or †instinct of an animal or of a personification of a quality, attribute, or abstraction; the appearance of or impression produced by a plant, landscape, or other object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun]
onseneeOE
bleea1000
shapeOE
ylikeOE
laitc1175
semblanta1225
sightc1275
fare1297
showingc1300
specea1325
parelc1330
guise1340
countenance1362
semblance?a1366
apparel1377
regardc1380
apparencec1384
imagec1384
spicec1384
overseeminga1398
kenninga1400
seemingc1400
visage1422
rinda1450
semenauntc1450
'pearance1456
outwardc1475
representation1489
favour?a1500
figurea1522
assemblant1523
prospect?1533
respect1535
visure1545
perceiverance1546
outwardshine1549
view1556
species1559
utter-shape1566
look1567
physiognomy1567
face1572
paintry1573
visor1575
mienc1586
superficies?1589
behaviour1590
aspect1594
complexion1597
confrontment1604
show1604
aira1616
beseeminga1616
formality1615
resemblancea1616
blush1620
upcomea1630
presentment1637
scheme1655
sensation1662
visibility1669
plumage1707
facies1727
remark1748
extrinsica1797
exterior1801
showance1820
the cut of one's jib1823
personnel1839
personal appearance1842
what-like1853
look-see1898
outwall1933
visuality1938
prosopon1947
c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 31 Bayard haid so guid and natral meine He vald not reullit be in ryding rycht.
a1642 J. Suckling Lett. Divers Eminent Personages 60 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) Nothing, Madam, has worse Mine than counterfeit sorrow.
1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iii. 31 Then what can have more the figure and meen of a ruine, than Crags and Rocks, and Cliffs.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 18 Some..had..Metallick or Mineral Matter..insinuated into their substance..so as to disguise them very much, and give them a face and mien extremely unlike to that of those Shells [etc.].
1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iv. 158 Yes! righteous Freedom, heaven and earth and sea Yield or withold their various gifts for thee; Protected Industry beneath thy reign Leads all the virtues in her filial train; Courageous Probity with brow serene, And Temperance calm presents her placid mien.
1826 S. Woodworth Melodies 5 Yon enamoured billow Delighted to the stranger creeps, And makes his breast her pillow. The rest, with dark and frowning mien, And jealous murmurs, languish.
1858 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 430/2 With dogged mien he stalks gravely back to his stronghold. You exclaim, ‘It is a Lobster!’ A lobster truly; but saw you ever a lobster with such presence before?
1874 Scribner's Monthly Dec. 205/2 The Gorham plate, made by silversmiths, borrows the mien of nobility from its antecedents, and cannot be distinguished from the finest style of solid silver.
1879 A. Anderson Ballads & Sonnets 151 And violets that scarce are seen Until you stoop, with patient eye, And see them in their lowly mien, Blue droplets shaken from the sky.
1902 W. Carleton Songs of Two Centuries 17 Now all of the days one day were met With sober and anxious mien, To choose which one they owed the debt Of crowning it king or queen.
1917 T. Hardy Moments of Vision & Misc. Verses 118 The white and green was a daisied field, The pink and white Ethleen. And as I looked it seemed in kind That difference they had none; The two fair bodiments combined As varied miens of one.
1972 H. Heinzel et al. Birds Brit. & Europe (BNC) 180 Where Little Owl has low-browed, frowning mien, Tengmalm's brows appear to be raised, as if slightly surprised, accentuated by blacker edge of facial disc and broader white eyebrows.
1990 ‘A. J. Orde’ Death & Dogwalker (1993) 35 I saw the pictures of her dear departed Flopsy and Mopsy, too, miniature poodles of discouraging mien.
3. Expression of the face. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > facial appearance or expression
cheerc1225
lookinga1325
countenancec1330
frontc1374
looka1400
looksc1400
aspect1590
brow1598
cast1653
mien1680
expression1830
1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 196 The mien of his face conjoyned with the posture of his body betrayed such a pitch of veneration and worship, as [etc.].
1697 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris 51 The same word is inverted to a new sense and notion; which in tract of time makes as observable a change in the air and features of a Language, as Age makes in the lines and mien of a Face.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. xcvi Another happy phrase, which, he [sc. Boyle] says, I have newly minted, is The Meen of a Face; which as he takes it, is much the same thing with the Behaviour of a Look or the Carriage of a Smile... Meen does not signifie Behaviour, even when it's spoken of the whole Person, but the Air and Look that results from it.

Phrases

with full mien (obsolete): undisguised. †to make good mien upon (obsolete): to put a good face on. †to make (a) mien (obsolete): to pretend to do (something); to make a show of doing (something).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adjective]
openlyeOE
underna900
openeOE
utterly12..
unhida1300
perta1325
apert1330
nakeda1382
public1394
patenta1398
foreign?c1400
overtc1400
unrecovered1433
publicalc1450
open-visageda1513
bare1526
uncloaked1539
subject1556
uncovered1577
unmasked1590
facely1593
undisguised1598
female1602
unveiled1606
unshrouded1610
barefaceda1616
disclouded1615
unhiddena1616
broad-faced1643
with full miena1657
undissembled1671
frank1752
bald-faced1761
unconfidential1772
ostensible1782
unglossed1802
undisguising1813
unvisored1827
unconcealed1839
disprivacied1848
disguiseless1850
bald1854
unobscured1879
visible1885
open door1898
above ground1976
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > behave well towards [verb (transitive)] > make seemly in behaviour > behave so as to make something look seemly
to put (also set) a good (or bold, brave) face on1490
to make good mien upona1657
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [phrase]
makec1275
to make wise1447
make as though?c1450
to let fare1483
to make a show ofa1500
to set a face1560
to take on (also upon) one(self)?1560
to make (a) miena1657
to make believe1773
to put it on1888
to play (the) fox1894
a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV xlix, in Poems (1878) IV. 13 That Masque put off, she comes in wth full Meine.
1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 457 The Court there were surpriz'd,..but made good Mien upon it, took it gently.
1711 J. Blackader Diary 25 July in A. Crichton Life J. Blackader (1824) 411 The French made a mien to oppose us.
1851 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy in 1848 253 The Austrians made mien of holding out to the last.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

mienn.2

Brit. /miːn/, U.S. /min/
Origin: A borrowing from Chinese. Etymon: Chinese miàn.
Etymology: < Chinese miàn (Wade-Giles transcription mien ) wheat flour, noodles. Compare chow mein n., mee n.
Chinese noodles made with flour. Cf. chow mein n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > noodle > [noun] > types of noodle
tagliarini1846
egg noodle1884
mien1890
soba1896
rice stick1898
tagliatelle1899
bihon1915
udon1920
Spätzle1933
crispy noodles1940
ramen1962
1890 Cent. Mag. Nov. 15 The food of this people is mien or vermicelli, and cakes of wheat flour called mo-kui or mo-mo, varying only in size and thickness, but never in their sodden indigestibility.
1898 Cent. Mag. Sept. 690/2 Millet and coarse flour, from which the mien or dough-strings are made, is the foundation, at least, for more than half the subsistence of the common classes.
1936 P. Fleming News from Tartary v. ix. 235 At noon they woke me for a meal of mien and boiled vegetables.
1945 B. Y. Chao How to cook & eat in Chinese ii. xix. 195 Wheat is eaten more than rice as the staple food... When it is eaten wet, it is in the form of mien, or unraised noodles.
1992 Free China Rev. Apr. 50/2 Noodles, called mien..or mien tiao..are the most basic food of northern China.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Mienn.3adj.

Brit. /mɪˈɛn/, U.S. /miˈɛn/
Inflections: Plural unchanged, Miens.
Origin: A borrowing from Chinese. Etymon: Chinese miǎn.
Etymology: < Chinese miǎn (Wade-Giles transcription mien) remote (compare the land of Mian in Chinese history (13th cent.) and modern Chinese Miǎndiàn Myanmar, lit. ‘remote pasture’):1873 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 2 234 The Burmese are known to the Chinese as ‘Mreen’ or ‘Mien’.
A. n.3
1. A mountain-dwelling people of Vietnam; = Yao n.1 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Chinese peoples > [noun]
Manchu1697
Lolo1736
Miaotse1810
Tanka1839
Hakka1854
Tungan1875
Miao1882
Yao1883
Yüeh1901
Mien1902
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 471/1 When mixed with the Chinese the Muongs and the Thôs are known as the Hung-dans, Mâns, and Miens.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia X. 798/2 at Yao The Yao of Thailand, also called Man or Mien, exorcise evil spirits with incantations written in a form of Chinese.
1991 W. B. Tuchrello Thailand (Countries of World) iib The Mien were even more recent arrivals [in Thailand], most of them having come from Laos after 1945.
1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Tung Influenced by the Yao (Mien), the Miao (Hmong), and other Austroasiatic peoples, the Tung live at intermediate elevations in large houses built on pilings.
2. The language of the Yao people of Vietnam; = Yao n.1 2.Quot. 1961 quotes the French word.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Austric > [noun] > Miao-Yao
Miao1905
Yao1939
Mien1977
1961 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 24 531 This [book] also contains a bibliography of manuscript material on the Yao dialects. Highland Yao is substantially equivalent to his [sc. A. G. Haudricourt's] ‘Mien’.]
1977 C. F. Voegelin & F. M. Voegelin Classif. & Index World's Langs. 228 Mien=Yao=Man... 300,000 [speakers] in China, 200,000 in North Vietnam and Laos (60,000) and in Thailand; perhaps Burma.
1987 M. Ruhlen Guide World's Langs. I. 148 Mien (= Yao) has about one million [speakers].
1996 B. F. Grimes Ethnologue (ed. 13) 801 Not all ethnic Yao [in Vietnam] speak Mien; many speak Chinese.
B. adj.
= Yao adj.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Chinese peoples > [adjective]
Miao1834
Yao1834
Miaotse1885
Tungan1927
Mien1992
1987 M. Ruhlen Guide World's Langs. I. iv. 154 The Mioa-Yao family is bifurcated into the Miao language as one group and the small Yao (= Mien) family as the other.]
1992 Internat. Encycl. Linguistics II. 178/1 Speakers of Laka, Mun, Punu, Pa Heng, Iu Mien, as well as speakers of other Mien and Hmongic languages and ethnic Yao who speak Chinese, are all officially included under the Yao nationality in China.
1998 London (Ont.) Free Press 5 Dec. G3 The Yao, or Mien, women were easy to spot because their outfits were punctuated by a red pom-pom-type ruff around the neckline.
1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Vietnam Hmong (Miao, or Meo) and Mien groups, who speak languages of the Sino-Tibetan language family, are scattered at higher elevations.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mienv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mien n.1
Etymology: < mien n.1, perhaps after demean v.1
Obsolete. rare.
transitive (reflexive). To comport or conduct oneself; to adopt an expression or attitude. Cf. demean v.1 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > behave or conduct oneself [verb (reflexive)]
wieldOE
leadc1175
bear?c1225
steera1250
to take onc1275
contain1297
to shift one's handa1300
demeanc1320
guyc1325
govern1340
keep1362
havec1390
rulec1390
guide14..
conceivea1425
maintain?a1425
maynea1425
behavec1440
disporta1450
orderc1487
use1497
handle?1529
convey1530
gesture1542
treat1568
carry1584
deport1598
bestow1606
comport1616
mienc1680
conduct1706
c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 354 Methinks I see him looking upon them, and miening himself as angry with them.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.1a1522n.21890n.3adj.1902v.c1680
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