Bn.
/biː/, U.S. /bi/ I. A letter of the alphabet.
1. The second letter of the Roman alphabet, ancient and modern, corresponding, in position and power, to the Greek Beta, and Phœnician and Hebrew Beth, whence also its form is derived; representing the sonant labial mute, or lip-voice stop consonant. The plural has been written Bees, B's, Bs.
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society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > others
Bc1000
Dc1000
ellc1000
Fc1000
Sc1000
yogha1300
Pa1398
ess1540
tee1610
alif1727
cue1755
em1793
en1793
dee1795
double U1841
edh1846
wye1857
vee1883
gee1926
nut1940
kay1959
at sign1977
c1000 Ælfric Gram. iii. (Zup. 6) Þá óðre nigon consonantes synd gecwedene mvtae, þæt synd dumbe. hí ne synd ná mid ealle dumbe, ac hí habbað lytle clypunge..þás ongynnað of him sylfum and geendjað on þám clypjendlícum stafum. b, c, d, g, p, t geendjað on e.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 239 Þis eire lernede first his a bi ce, as a litil child.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 42 Beautious as Incke..Faire as a text B in a Coppie booke.
1610 R. Davies Chesters Triumph To Rdr. sig. A2v The chiefest part of this people-pleasing spectacle, consisted in three Bees, viz. Boyes, Beasts, and Bels.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War sig. Cc8v (advt.) Witness my name, if Anagram'd to thee, The Letters make, Nu hony in a B . View more context for this quotation
1878 Daily News 8 July 5/2 He pronounces his P's like B's.
2. Phrases relating to the letter. not to know a B from a bull's foot, not to know a B from a battle-dore: to be entirely illiterate.
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the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > want of learning, illiteracy > be illiterate [verb]
not to know a B from a bull's foot1401
not to know a B from a battle-dore1609
1401 Pol. Poems II. 57 I know not an A from the wyndmylne, ne a B from a bole foot.
1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. B2 You shall not neede to buy bookes, no, scorne to distinguish a B from a battle doore.
1659 J. Howell Prov. Eng. Toung 16/1 in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) He knoweth not a B. from a battle-door.
1846 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry 43 There were members who scarcely knew B from a bulls-foot.
II. Used, like the other letters of the alphabet (see A n., the letter), to indicate serial order, with the value of second, as quire B, the second ‘quire’ or sheet of a book, ‘Horse Artillery, B Brigade, B and C Batteries, Woolwich;’ (b., b.) the left-hand page or verso of a leaf, the second column of a page. The following uses are more special:
3. In Music: In England the 7th note of the scale of C major, which is called H in Germany, where B means the English B flat. B was the first note modified by a semitone in the musical scale, whence the signs ♭, originally a b with round bottom (= B♭, French B rond), and ♮, originally a with square bottom (= B♮, French B carré), which since c1620 have been applied as indicating ‘flat’ and ‘natural’ to all notes of the scale. A piece of music ‘in B’ has as its main scale that beginning with B.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > diatonic scale series > notes in diatonic scale > notes of specific scales
bemola1327
bequarrea1350
rec1550
G1562
E1596
B1597
A1609
Ca1616
middle C1660
A (also C, D etc.) sharp1783
high C1837
H1880
c1450 Burlesque in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 83 Every clarke..seythe that a-re gothe before be-my.]
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 3 Every keye hath but one cleife except b fa, b mi.
1731 J. Swift Apollo in Wks. (1755) IV. i. 161 For he could reach to B in alt.
1873 A. Coleridge Moscheles I. 271 Mendelssohn..played his charming Capriccio in B minor.
1879 J. Curwen Mus. Theory 73 The fourth [note] in the key of F is B flat.
4.
a. In abstract reasoning, hypothetical argumentation, law, etc., B is put for a second or another person or thing. (Cf. A n. 7.)
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1793 Treat. Equity I. iv. 257 If a bond or note be given by A., the more effectually to enable B. to bring about a match, &c.
1870 F. C. Bowen Logic 207 The two categorical formulas A is B, or A is not B.
1879 R. Browning Dramatic Lyrics in Wks. III. 92 A.'s book shall prop you up, B.'s shall cover you.
b. In various specific applications:
(a) a blood-group (see quots.).
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > [noun] > blood group > specific
B1921
A1923
O1926
Rh1940
rhesus factor1941
1910 W. L. Moss tr. K. Landsteiner in Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 21 65/2 In a number of cases (Group A) the serum agglutinates the corpuscles of another Group (B), not, however, those of Group A.]
1921 Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Pathol. 2 33 The Landsteiner theory that two substances, ‘A’ and ‘B’, with their corresponding agglutinins, ‘a’ and ‘b’, are concerned in the isoagglutination of human bloods has been confirmed by absorption tests.
1927 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 88 1422/1 Dr. Karl Landsteiner has suggested the substitution of the well known letters O, A, B and AB for the Jansky numbers I, II, III and IV and the Moss numbers IV, II, III and I. The letters will..express the actual constitution of the blood corpuscles with respect to iso-agglutination, as far as it concerns the separation of the groups.
1928 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 47 757 They separate the human bloods into four sharply defined groups designated as O, A, B, and AB.
1948 New Biol. 5 69 Human beings are classified into the four categories A, B, AB or O according as to whether certain A and B substances can be detected in their red blood cells (and incidentally in other tissues).
(b) a second-class road.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > road of specific class
second-class road1906
A1921
B1921
tertiary road1960
1921 Autocar 29 Oct. 829/2 It is not..intended to deal with the numbering of the B roads until that of the A roads has been completed.
1962 Guardian 14 July 5/2 The B road..climbs up the Cotswolds from Stroud to Birdlip.
1967 M. Culpan In Deadly Vein iii. 41 A country lane of the twenties had now been widened into a B-road between A.5 and A.6.
(c) a supporting film to the main feature in a cinema programme.
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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > type of film > [noun] > short or supporting film
short film1908
short subject1908
one-reeler1916
filmlet1921
programme picture1922
second feature1927
short1929
programmer1932
programme movie1933
shorty1934
B1949
1949 Here & Now (N.Z.) Oct. 29/2 There is a current reaction against the ‘big’ picture; and it is a sign of the times that the Academy, one of London's repertory cinemas, has been showing two American ‘B’ features.
1962 Observer 20 May 27/6 Just that something which distinguishes the good documentary from the drab British B picture.
1967 Listener 7 Sept. 316/2 Things are looking up on ITV, except on farmer-and-B-film-haunted Southern.
(d) B Special n. in Northern Ireland (until 1970), a member of the Ulster Special Constabulary, retained on a part-time basis (see quot. 1985); a special constable.
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society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > other types of policeman
star1714
Special Constable1733
police runner1782
snoozy1823
New Policeman1830
redbreast1862
roundsman1868
state trooper1883
harness cop1891
black and tans1920
B Special1922
tans1932
1922 in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1977) IV. Compan. iii. 1948 In addition there were the ‘B’ Specials, numbering about 20,000.
1932 Tablet 15 Oct. 500/1 The ‘B’ Specials—a force of civilians enrolled as special constables.
1985 J. Biggs-Davison & G. Chowdharay-Best Cross of St Patrick 443 The ‘A’ Specials were a full-time and paid force; the ‘B’ Specials an occasional force with an allowance; and the ‘C’ Specials were unpaid.
1986 N.Y. Times 22 Jan. a2/4 When the [Ulster Defence] regiment was created 16 years ago to replace the B-Specials, an auxiliary police force often accused of mistreating Catholics, some Protestants reacted with two riots.
(e) a range of international standard paper sizes (as B1, B2, etc.): see A n. 2g.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [adjective] > paper sizes
B1937
C1937
1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 276/2 The B series is the first and the C and D series the second and third geometrical intermediate forms of the A series.
1962 F. T. Day Introd. to Paper vii. 71 At present there is much discussion of the advantages of what are termed A and B paper sizes.
1982 Electronics 11 Aug. 5 e/1 A 5-by-7 dot-matrix impact printer that accepts B5-sized paper.
1985 Computerworld Focus 20 Nov. 24/3 The printer uses..European sizes A4 and B5.
(f) (the music recorded on) the supporting or less important side of a single-playing gramophone record, as B-side; cf. flip side n. at flip n.2 Compounds; contr. with A-side n. at A n. Compounds.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > pop piece
pop number1921
schlager1934
hit song1942
B-side1962
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > record or disc > side
side1926
coupling1934
A-side1937
flip side1949
flip1960
B-side1962
1962 Melody Maker 7 July 10/1 ‘Miracles sometimes happen’..now turns up as the B side for Michael London's vocal disc of Acker Bilk's ‘Stranger on the Shore’.
1971 J. Lennon in J. Wenner Lennon Remembers (1972) 106 That was the B-side of ‘Hello, Goodbye’.
1984 Sounds 1 Dec. 24/6 I was amazed that ‘Little Tickets’ was relegated to a B-side and won't even appear on the LP.
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5. In Algebra: b. (see A n. 8).
Initialisms
I1. See also B-girl n.
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B. n. in Academical degrees Bachelor, or its Latin equivalent baccalaureus, as LL.B. (Legum Baccalaureus) Bachelor of Laws; M.B. Bachelor of Medicine.
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B. n. Music Bass, Basso.
B n. black (of pencil lead).
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > pencil > filling for pencil > type of pencil-lead
B1852
BB1852
BBB1852
HB1852
1852 Illustr. List Colours & Materials Drawing & Water-colour Painting (Winsor & Newton, London) 14 in C. H. Weigall Art of Figure Drawing B. Black (for Shading, or for free Sketching). BB. Softer ditto (for deep Shading). BBB. Intensely Black (for extra deep Shading).
1931 Boys' Mag. 45 190/1 A ‘B’ pencil.
b. born.
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B. n. Chemistry Boron.
b n. Particle Physics bottom.
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the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > quark > [noun] > differentiating property > bottom
bottom1975
beauty1977
b1978
bottomness1979
1978 Nature 2 Feb. 407/1 This new quark pair is labelled t and b for ‘top’ and ‘bottom’.
1983 Sci. Amer. July 105/3 The lifetime of the b is predicted to be between 10−13 and 10−14 second.
1983 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1984 284/2 The discovery of the first b-flavored particle..proves the existence of the b quark.
b. (formerly also B) Cricket bowled out (by or by a bowler) or for (a score).
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > dismissal of batsman > [adjective] > manner of dismissal
b.1769
leg before wicket1795
lbw1843
caught and bowled1875
spreadeagled1920
1769 MS Scorecard (Kent Hist. & Library Centre) (Sackville U269/F14) Wood B 0.
1777 Kentish Gaz. 25 June 4/3 Duke of Dorset 0 B by Brett.
1777 Hampshire Chron. 30 June 3/3 Aylward 167 b Bullen.
1847 W. Denison Cricketer's Compan. 1846 25 N. Felix, esq., b Denison..47.
1968 Times 15 Mar. 15/1 S. Comacho c. Knott, b. Brown..87.
2007 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack (ed. 144) vi. 769 E. C. Joyce b Thornely..54.
b. n. (also b, B.) Cricket bye.
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1865 John Lillywhite's Cricketers' Compan. 77 b 13, l b 7, n b 3..23.
2007 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack (ed. 144) 769 B 8, l-b 13, w 6, n-b 4, p 5..36.
B n. breathalyser; so B-test.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [noun] > breathalyser test
breath test1861
breath testing1927
drunkometer1934
breathalyser1954
B-test1967
1967 Daily Tel. 21 Oct. 20/8 (heading) B-test driver fined.
b n. (also B) bugger (or bastard) (as a euphemism, sometimes printed b——).
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the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused
warlockOE
swinec1175
beastc1225
wolf's-fista1300
avetrolc1300
congeonc1300
dirtc1300
slimec1315
snipec1325
lurdanc1330
misbegetc1330
sorrowa1350
shrew1362
jordan1377
wirlingc1390
frog?a1400
warianglea1400
wretcha1400
horcop14..
turdc1400
callet1415
lotterela1450
paddock?a1475
souter1478
chuff?a1500
langbain?c1500
cockatrice1508
sow1508
spink1508
wilrone1508
rook?a1513
streaker?a1513
dirt-dauber?1518
marmoset1523
babiona1529
poll-hatcheta1529
bear-wolf1542
misbegotten1546
pig1546
excrement1561
mamzer1562
chuff-cat1563
varlet1566
toada1568
mandrake1568
spider1568
rat1571
bull-beef1573
mole-catcher1573
suppository1573
curtal1578
spider-catcher1579
mongrela1585
roita1585
stickdirta1585
dogfish1589
Poor John1589
dog's facec1590
tar-boxa1592
baboon1592
pot-hunter1592
venom1592
porcupine1594
lick-fingers1595
mouldychaps1595
tripe1595
conundrum1596
fat-guts1598
thornback1599
land-rat1600
midriff1600
stinkardc1600
Tartar1600
tumbril1601
lobster1602
pilcher1602
windfucker?1602
stinker1607
hog rubber1611
shad1612
splay-foot1612
tim1612
whit1612
verdugo1616
renegado1622
fish-facea1625
flea-trapa1625
hound's head1633
mulligrub1633
nightmare1633
toad's-guts1634
bitch-baby1638
shagamuffin1642
shit-breech1648
shitabed1653
snite1653
pissabed1672
bastard1675
swab1687
tar-barrel1695
runt1699
fat-face1740
shit-sack1769
vagabond1842
shick-shack1847
soor1848
b1851
stink-pot1854
molie1871
pig-dog1871
schweinhund1871
wind-sucker1880
fucker1893
cocksucker1894
wart1896
so-and-so1897
swine-hound1899
motherfucker1918
S.O.B.1918
twat1922
mong1926
mucker1929
basket1936
cowson1936
zombie1936
meatball1937
shower1943
chickenshit1945
mugger1945
motherferyer1946
hooer1952
morpion1954
mother1955
mother-raper1959
louser1960
effer1961
salaud1962
gunk1964
scunge1967
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 313/1 The poor b-- is in ‘stir’ (prison).
1925 D. H. Lawrence Let. 17 Nov. (1962) 865 I'd have sent those Irish b's seven times to hell, before I'd have moved a single iota at their pencil stroke.
1952 N. Streatfeild Aunt Clara 14 Can't 'elp bein' sorry for the poor old B.
1952 N. Streatfeild Aunt Clara 161 ‘Poor little B's,’ he thought.
Thesaurus »
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B.A. n. (also A.B.) Bachelor of Arts.
B.A.B.S. n. Aeronautics beam (or blind) approach beacon system, a system for approaching a landing field by means of instruments.
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society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > landing guidance systems
B.A.B.S.1945
1945 Amer. Speech 20 309 BABS. Blind Approach Beacon System. System for approaching landing field by radar means.
1951 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) iii. 28 Beam-approach beacon system, abbr. BABS.
B.A.L. n. British Anti-Lewisite, a drug (dimercaprol) developed as an antidote to Lewisite and used also to neutralize metallic poisons, e.g. arsenic.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > antidote > [noun] > antidotes to chemical poisons
B.A.L.1942
dimercaprol1945
pralidoxime1961
1942 PB 5545: Office of Sci. Res. & Devel., National Defense Res. Comm. (E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co.) (title of mimeographed report) Report on the experimental manufacture and process study of BAL.
1943 Hospital Corps Q. (Washington, D.C.) 16 140 Persons required to enter areas specifically known to be contaminated with lewisite should apply BAL ointment sparingly to unprotected parts of the body.
1944 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 July 111/1 Recently B.A.L. ointment, which is a specific for arsenical vesicants and of great value in the treatment of the eyes, has been developed.
1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxvi. 379 Arsenical vesicants are neutralized by the local application of BAL ointment.
B. and S. n. brandy and soda.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > brandy > [noun] > brandy and soda
peg1860
brandy and soda1871
B. and S.a1878
a1878 G. J. Whyte-Melville Black but Comely (1879) II. xxvii. 112 Now for a B-and-S, one quiet cigar, and then bed!
1882 Punch 11 Feb. 69/1 He'll nothing drink but ‘B. & S.’ and big magnums of ‘the Boy’.
B.A.O.R. n. British Army of the Rhine.
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society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > British army > in specific time or place
Thimble and Bodkin Army1647
New Model Army1845
New Army1914
B.A.O.R.1945
1945 War Illustr. 9 Nov. 421 (caption) A B.A.O.R. major examined the papers of Wehrmacht youths about to be demobilized at Staaken, near Berlin.
BB n. double-black (of pencil lead).
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > pencil > filling for pencil > type of pencil-lead
B1852
BB1852
BBB1852
HB1852
1852BB [see B n.].
BBB n. treble-black (of pencil lead).
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > pencil > filling for pencil > type of pencil-lead
B1852
BB1852
BBB1852
HB1852
1852BBB [see B n.].
1886 C. M. Yonge Chantry House I. vii. 63 We had filled whole drawing-books with wriggling twists of foliage in BBB marking pencil.
B.B.C. n. (see as separate entry).
B.C. n. Before Christ.
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B.C. n. Bad character; a mark formerly set on a soldier on his expulsion from his regiment for gross misconduct.
B.C.E. n. Before the Common Era.
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the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adverb] > in specific historical periods
antediluvially1826
B.C.E.1881
Victorianly1917
1881 K. Magnus About Jews i. 1 A glance at the Babylonian captivity (587–536 b.c.e.).
1915 M. Radin Jews among Greeks & Romans 15 The period..from the end of the Babylonian Captivity to the establishment of Christianity—roughly from about 450 b.c.e. to 350 c.e.
B.C.-G. n. (also B.C.G.) Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, used as an anti-tuberculosis vaccine; also attributive.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [noun] > anti-tuberculosis vaccine
B.C.-G.1926
1926 Lancet 29 May 1030/1 It is this attenuated bacillus B.C.-G., or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin that he uses for his vaccinations of both calves and newborn infants.
1958 Sunday Times 23 Feb. 19/4 B.C.G. inoculation against tuberculosis.
B.C.L. n. Bachelor of Civil Law.
B.D. n. Bachelor of Divinity.
B.D.S.T. n. British Double Summer Time.
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the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > systems of reckoning time of day
time1646
apparent time1694
local timea1703
Greenwich Mean Time1782
sun time1837
GMT1840
railway time1847
railroad time1849
Greenwich time1861
Eastern time1878
Pacific time1880
Universal Time1882
Eastern Standard Time1883
Mountain time1883
British Standard Time1908
daylight saving1908
zone time1908
LMT1909
British Summer Time1916
summertime1916
U.T.1929
B.S.T.1930
EST1935
British Double Summer Time1941
war time1942
B.D.S.T.1943
ephemeris time1950
1943 Daily Tel. 24 June 1/7 At 1.20 this morning (2.20 B.D.S.T.) the state of the parties was [etc.].
BEF n. (also B.E.F.) British Expeditionary Force.ⓘThe British Expeditionary Force was the title given to the forces of the British army dispatched from Great Britain to fight in France and Belgium at the beginning of the First World War (1914–18) and the Second World War (1939–45).
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society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > named companies, regiments, etc. > [noun] > British
Ulsters1649
Scots Guardsa1675
fusilier1680
guards1682
Scots Dragoons1689
Scots Fusiliers1689
Inniskilling1715
Scots Greys1728
blue1737
Black Watch1739
Oxford blues1766
green linnets1793
Grenadiers1800
slashers1802
the Buffs1806
tartan1817
Gay Gordons1823
cheesemongers1824
Green Jacket1824
The Bays1837
RHA1837
dirty half-hundred1841
die-hard1844
lifeguard1849
cherry-picker1865
lancer-regiment1868
cheeses1877
Territorial Regiment1877
the Sweeps1879
dirty shirts1887
Scottish Rifles1888
shiner1891
Yorkshire1898
imperials1899
Irish guards1902
Hampshires1904
BEF1914
Old Contemptibles1915
contemptibles1917
Tank Corps1917
the Tins1918
skins1928
pioneer corps1939
red devils1943
Blues and Royals1968
U.D.R.1969
1914 D. Haig Diary 6 Aug. in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 54 Personally, I trembled at the reckless way Sir J. French spoke about ‘the advantages’ of the BEF operating from Antwerp against the powerful and still intact German Army.
1917 W. Owen Let. 9 Jan. (1967) 425 Please send the compass: 2 Manchester Regt. B.E.F.
1939 War Illustr. 7 Oct. 110/1 The men of the new B.E.F. have gone to the front with smiling faces.
2007 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Feb. 62/1 Gort withdrew the BEF from Arras..pulling the rug out from under Weygand's perhaps already stillborn plan.
B.E.M. n. British Empire Medal.
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the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit > decoration > medal > specific
gold medal1694
Albert medal1850
bronze medal1852
silver medal1908
B.E.M.1941
gold1945
1941 War Illustr. 9 May 476/2 Mr. T. H. Newton, Home Guard, B.E.M., for securing a mine and rendering it safe.
B.E.M. n. bug-eyed monster.
Π
1949 N.Y. Times 13 Nov. br46/2 Mr. Winton is an expert on..Bug-Eyed Monsters on other planets—known to his readers as B.E.M.'s.
1953 A. Koestler Trail of Dinosaur (1955) ii. 143 Young space cadets, for instance, dislike meeting Bems—for bug-eyed Monsters.
1958 New Scientist 18 Sept. 861/3 ‘Space opera’ and ‘BEM stories’ (Bug-Eyed Monsters).
1960 K. Amis New Maps of Hell ii. 44 In space-opera..Indians turn up in the revised form of what are technically known as bug-eyed monsters, a phrase often abbreviated to BEMs.
BeV. n. (also B.E.V., bev) U.S. (billion electron volts): a thousand million (109) electron volts.
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the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle accelerator > [noun] > types of > bevatron > volts produced in
BeV.1948
1948 Electronic Engin. 20 149 The bevatron (from B.E.V.—billion electron volts).
1964 Sci. Amer. July 44/3 The six-billion-electron-volt (6-bev) electron synchrotron in Cambridge, Mass.
B.F. n. bloody fool.
ΘΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > foolish person, fool > [noun]
dizzyc825
cang?c1225
foolc1225
apec1330
mopc1330
saddle-goosec1346
mis-feelinga1382
foltc1390
mopec1390
fona1400
buffardc1430
fopc1440
joppec1440
fonda1450
fondlinga1450
insipienta1513
plume of feathers1530
bobolynec1540
dizzard1546
Little Witham?1548
nodc1563
dawkin1565
cocknel1566
nigion1570
niddicock1577
nodcock1577
cuckoo1581
Jack with the feather1581
niddipol1582
noddyship?1589
stirkc1590
fonkin1591
Gibraltar1593
fopper1598
noddypeak1598
coxcombry1600
simple1600
gowka1605
nup1607
fooliaminy1608
silly ass1608
dosser-head1612
dor1616
glow-worm1624
liripipea1625
doodle1629
sop1637
spalt1639
fool's head1650
buffle1655
Jack Adams1656
bufflehead1659
nincompoopc1668
bavian1678
nokes1679
foolanea1681
cod1699
hulver-head1699
nigmenog1699
single ten1699
mud1703
dowf1722
foolatum1740
silly billy1749
tommy noddy1774
arsec1785
nincom1800
silly1807
slob1810
omadhaun1818
potwalloper1820
mosy1824
amadan1825
gump1825
gype1825
oonchook1825
prawn1845
suck-egg1851
goosey1852
nowmun1854
pelican1856
poppy-show1860
buggerlugs1861
damfool1881
mudhead1882
yob1886
peanut head1891
haggis bag1892
poop1893
gazob1906
mush1906
wump1908
zob1911
gorm1912
goof1916
goofus1916
gubbins1916
dumb cluck1922
twat1922
B.F.1925
goofer1925
bird brain1926
berk1929
Berkeley1929
Berkeley Hunt1929
ding1929
loogan1929
stupido1929
poop-stick1930
nelly1931
droop1932
diddy1933
slappy1937
goof ball1938
get1940
poon1940
tonk1941
clot1942
yuck1943
possum1945
gobdaw1947
momo1953
nig-nog1953
plonker1955
weenie1956
nong-nong1959
Berkshire Hunt1960
balloon1965
doofus1965
dork1965
nana1965
shit-for-brains1966
schmoll1967
tosspot1967
lunchbox1969
doof1971
tonto1973
dorkus1979
motorhead1979
mouth-breather1979
wally1980
wally brain1981
der-brain1983
langer1983
numpty1985
sotong1988
fanny1995
fannybaws2000
1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 12 B.F... Ordinary contemptuous slang: e.g., ‘He's an out and out B.F.!’
1939 C. Day Lewis Child of Misfortune ii. i. 137 You really are a B.F., Arthur.
B.H.C. n. benzene hexachloride.
Π
1947 Ann. Appl. Biol. 34 347 The material used..was crude benzene hexachloride (B.H.C.).
b.h.p. n. brake horse power.
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Categories »
B.L. n. Bachelor of Law, also (French) Bachelier-ès-lettres.
B.Lit. n. (also B.Litt.) Bachelor of Literature, Bachelor of Letters.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > a degree > specific
masterdomc1400
doctorship1533
doctorate?1577
mastership1583
baccalaureate1625
bachelorshipa1656
doctorhood1683
LL.D.1763
master's degree1774
LL.B.1796
Mus.B.1801
PhD1839
Lambeth degree1859
baccalaureate degree1864
LL.M.1874
(Lady) Literate in Arts1877
Sc.D.1885
Mus. Bac.1889
post-graduation1889
B.Lit.1895
masterate1902
B.Phil.1923
B. Ed.1941
ABD1954
Dip. Tech.1957
master1960
B.Sc.-
1895 Oxf. Univ. Cal. 1896 72 B.Litt. or B.Sc.
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. B.Lit.
1937 Discovery Jan. ii/1 Geraldine Coster, B.Litt. (Oxon.).
B.M. n. British Museum.
ΘΠ
society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > an exhibition > [noun] > museum > specific
Vatican1600
B.M.1870
Hall of Fame1901
V. and A.1937
exploratory1982
1870 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 14 Sept. (1956) V. 116 I dare not expect to be in time for any address but the B[ritish] M[useum].
1954 Grove's Dict. Music III. 168/2 An Indian bas-relief..dominated the grand staircase at the B.M.
B.M.A. n. British Medical Association.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > [noun] > British Medical Association
B.M.A.1886
1886 Dict. Abbrevs. 14 B.M.A., British Medical Association.
1955 Times 2 June 3/6 The annual meeting of the British Medical Association, which opened yesterday at B.M.A. House.
BMX n. (see as main entry).
B.O. n. body odour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [noun] > fetid smells > body odour
body odour1885
B.O.1933
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > perspirations > [noun] > body odour
body odour1885
B.O.1933
1933 Sat. Evening Post 14 Jan. 91/3 Those ‘B.O.’ ads. I laughed at—is the joke on me?
1936 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Ascent of F6 ii. iii. 96 And some I know have got B.O.: But these are not for me.
B.O.P. n. Boy's Own Paper.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > periodical > [noun] > titles of periodicals
spy1644
Maga1820
Punch1841
B.O.P.1909
typographica1931
1909 R. Brooke Let. 4 Sept. (1968) 176 Reading the B.O.P.
1932 D. Thomas Let. Dec. in Sel. Lett. (1966) 8 I..contribute..funny verses to the B.O.P.
1939 ‘G. Orwell’ Coming up for Air ii. ii. 58 Myself under the table with the B.O.P., making believe that the table-cloth is a tent.
B.P. n. British Public, esp. in G.B.P.
ΘΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] > of Britain
B.P.1896
1896 E. Terry Let. 26 Nov. in E. Terry & G. B. Shaw Corr. (1931) 129 I should say it would be a tremendous go with the B.P.
1963 ‘A. Gilbert’ Ring for Noose vi. 76 The dear B.P. doesn't worry its head much about proof.
B.P. n. British Pharmacopœia: the title of a list of medicines and other preparations published under the direction of the General Medical Council.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > pharmacopoeia
dispensatory1566
pharmacopoeia1618
receipt book1647
dispensary1721
formulary1823
code1846
B.P.1898
U.S.P.1909
1898 Lancet 6 Aug. 337/2 We hold it to be incumbent upon every medical man..to write..upon his recipes either the words B.P. 1898 or B.P. 1885 after each preparation.
1966 D. Francis Flying Finish vi. 69 A printed chemist's label on the front said ‘Two hundred aspirin tablets B.P.’
B.P. n. before present, i.e., counting backwards from a.d. 1800.
ΘΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > [adverb] > before the present
no moreOE
not yetc1485
B.P.1946
1946 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past v. 142 Going backwards into the past, the radiation curve for the last 600,000 years..shows a series of three summer minima between 25,000 and 115,000 years B.P.
B.Phil. n. (less commonly B.Ph.) Bachelor of Philosophy.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > a degree > specific
masterdomc1400
doctorship1533
doctorate?1577
mastership1583
baccalaureate1625
bachelorshipa1656
doctorhood1683
LL.D.1763
master's degree1774
LL.B.1796
Mus.B.1801
PhD1839
Lambeth degree1859
baccalaureate degree1864
LL.M.1874
(Lady) Literate in Arts1877
Sc.D.1885
Mus. Bac.1889
post-graduation1889
B.Lit.1895
masterate1902
B.Phil.1923
B. Ed.1941
ABD1954
Dip. Tech.1957
master1960
B.Sc.-
1923 F. W. Haycraft Degrees & Hoods World's Universities & Colleges 1 B.Ph., Bachelor of Philosophy.
1942 E. Partridge Dict. Abbrev. 19/2 B.Phil., Bachelor of Philosophy.
1966 Rep. Comm. Inq. (Univ. of Oxf.) II. 22 The B.Phil. can be taken in a number of arts and social studies subjects.
B.R. n. British Rail (formerly Railways).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > under one management > specific
GW1839
Vicinal1895
L.M.S.1923
L.N.E.R.1923
S.R.1923
British Railways1947
B.R.1949
S.N.C.F.1949
British Rail1964
Amtrak1973
1949 Railway Gaz. Jan. Index Suppl. p. v/1 (heading) B.R. Eastern Region.
1958 Spectator 13 June 772/1 The stock BR argument against sleepers is that they are wasteful of accommodation.
1986 Bookseller 25 Jan. 428/2 An eminently practical..book, really to help you get the most out of BR and Godfrey Davis Europcar.
B.S. n. Bachelor of Surgery.
B.S. n. slang chiefly North American bullshit.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > nonsense, rubbish > [noun]
magged talea1387
moonshine1468
trumperyc1485
foolishness1531
trash1542
baggage1545
flim-flam1570
gear1570
rubbisha1576
fiddle-faddle1577
stuff1579
fible-fable1581
balductum1593
pill1608
nonsense1612
skimble-skamble1619
porridge1642
mataeology1656
fiddle-come-faddle1663
apple sauce1672
balderdash1674
flummery1749
slang1762
all my eye1763
diddle-daddle1778
(all) my eye (and) Betty Martin1781
twaddle1782
blancmange1790
fudge1791
twiddle-twaddle1798
bothering1803
fee-faw-fum1811
slip-slop1811
nash-gab1816
flitter-tripe1822
effutiation1823
bladderdash1826
ráiméis1828
fiddlededee1843
pickles1846
rot1846
kelter1847
bosh1850
flummadiddle1850
poppycock1852
Barnum1856
fribble-frabble1859
kibosh1860
skittle1864
cod1866
Collyweston1867
punk1869
slush1869
stupidness1873
bilge-water1878
flapdoodle1878
tommyrot1880
ruck1882
piffle1884
flamdoodle1888
razzmatazz1888
balls1889
pop1890
narrischkeit1892
tosh1892
footle1894
tripe1895
crap1898
bunk1900
junk1906
quatsch1907
bilge1908
B.S.1912
bellywash1913
jazz1913
wash1913
bullshit?1915
kid-stakes1916
hokum1917
bollock1919
bullsh1919
bushwa1920
noise1920
bish-bosh1922
malarkey1923
posh1923
hooey1924
shit1924
heifer dust1927
madam1927
baloney1928
horse feathers1928
phonus-bolonus1929
rhubarb1929
spinach1929
toffeea1930
tomtit1930
hockey1931
phoney baloney1933
moody1934
cockalorum1936
cock1937
mess1937
waffle1937
berley1941
bull dust1943
crud1943
globaloney1943
hubba-hubba1944
pish1944
phooey1946
asswipe1947
chickenshit1947
slag1948
batshit1950
goop1950
slop1952
cack1954
doo-doo1954
cobbler1955
horse shit1955
nyamps1955
pony1956
horse manure1957
waffling1958
bird shit1959
codswallop1959
how's your father1959
dog shit1963
cods1965
shmegegge1968
pucky1970
taradiddle1970
mouthwash1971
wank1974
gobshite1977
mince1985
toss1990
arse1993
1884 S. F. Peckham Rep. on Petroleum viii. 95 The oil is subject to depreciation in value from evaporation and by leakage through the roof of the tank, by which it is converted into an emulsion locally known as ‘B.S.’]
1912 J. Sandilands Western Canad. Dict. & Phrase-bk. 8/2 B.S., the initials of a very vulgar but common ejaculation, describing a story as lies and nonsense.
1965 G. Jennings Personalities of Lang. 138 At one time, oilfield workers vulgarly referred to the sludge that befouls..oil tanks as ‘bullshit’. This was gradually abbreviated to ‘B.S.’, which the industry's trade journals primly translated into ‘basic sediment’.
1969 I. Black in A. Chapman New Black Voices (1972) 372 If we stuck by our women Cooled the b.s. in barbershops..If we kept our neighborhoods clean and peaceful..Think it would make a difference?
1975 J. Goulet Human Ape (1977) xx. 123 Shit,..you can't be around a project like this for two years without picking up some of that B.S.
Thesaurus »
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B.Sc. n. Bachelor of Science.
B.S. n. (also B.S.S.) British Standard (Specification).
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm > of manufacture or construction > specific
B.S.1932
DIN1984
1932 Brit. Standards Inst. Handbk. 45 List of B.S. Specifications.
1932 Brit. Standards Inst. Handbk. 61 Subject Index to B.S. Specifications..B.S.S. No.
1932 Brit. Standards Inst. Handbk. 1 Aims and Objects of the B.S.I.
B.S.I. n. British Standards Institution.
B.S.T. n. British Summer Time; (from 1968) British Standard Time.
ΘΠ
the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > systems of reckoning time of day
time1646
apparent time1694
local timea1703
Greenwich Mean Time1782
sun time1837
GMT1840
railway time1847
railroad time1849
Greenwich time1861
Eastern time1878
Pacific time1880
Universal Time1882
Eastern Standard Time1883
Mountain time1883
British Standard Time1908
daylight saving1908
zone time1908
LMT1909
British Summer Time1916
summertime1916
U.T.1929
B.S.T.1930
EST1935
British Double Summer Time1941
war time1942
B.D.S.T.1943
ephemeris time1950
1930 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 2) 36 British Summer Time (B.S.T.)..9 h. G.M.T. is the same as 10 h. B.S.T.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 22 Mar. 72/1 (headline) Scots F.U. Oppose B.S.T. Change.
1968 Guardian 17 Feb. 16/6 Sunrise times under BST.
B.T.M. n. (also b.t.m.) colloquial bottom, posterior.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]
flitcha700
arse-endseOE
culec1220
buttockc1300
tail1303
toutec1305
nagea1325
fundamentc1325
tail-end1377
brawna1382
buma1387
bewschers?a1400
crouponc1400
rumplec1430
lendc1440
nachec1440
luddocka1475
rearwarda1475
croupc1475
rumpc1475
dock1508
hurdies1535
bunc1538
sitting place1545
bottom?c1550
prat1567
nates1581
backside1593
crupper1594
posteriorums1596
catastrophe1600
podex1601
posterior1605
seat1607
poop1611
stern1631
cheek1639
breeka1642
doup1653
bumkin1658
bumfiddle1661
assa1672
butt1675
quarter1678
foundation1681
toby1681
bung1691
rear1716
fud1722
moon1756
derrière1774
rass1790
stern-post1810
sit-down1812
hinderland1817
hinderling1817
nancy1819
ultimatum1823
behinda1830
duff?1837
botty1842
rear end1851
latter end1852
hinder?1857
sit1862
sit-me-down1866
stern-works1879
tuchus1886
jacksy-pardy1891
sit-upon1910
can1913
truck-end1913
sitzfleisch1916
B.T.M.1919
fanny1919
bot1922
heinie1922
beam1929
yas yas1929
keister1931
batty1935
bim1935
arse-end1937
twat1937
okole1938
bahookie1939
bohunkus1941
quoit1941
patoot1942
rusty-dusty1942
dinger1943
jacksie1943
zatch1950
ding1957
booty1959
patootie1959
buns1960
wazoo1961
tush1962
1919 R. Firbank Valmouth xi. 188 She made a sudden dash for my b-t-m.
1934 S. Beckett More Pricks than Kicks 52 The weary proletarians at rest on B.T.M. and elbow.
B.T.U. n. Board of Trade unit.
Thesaurus »
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B.T.U. n. (also B.Th.U.) British thermal unit.
B.U. n. bread unit: a ration token exchangeable for bread, cakes, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun] > coupon > exchangeable for standard quantity
unit1939
B.U.1946
1946 Lancet 20 July 97/2 Each bread unit is equivalent to 7 oz. of bread, 5⅓ oz. of flour, or 8 oz. of flour confectionery, so the scales of B.U. per week can be read as scales of bread in ounces per day.
B.V. n. (Beata Virgo) The Blessed Virgin.
B.V.D. n. (see as main entry).
BYO n. U.S. and Australian ‘bring your own’, designating a party, restaurant, etc., where food is provided but one takes one's own drink.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > nightlife > [noun] > bring your own
BYOB1959
BYO1965
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > nightlife > [adjective] > bring your own
BYO1965
society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > other parties
play-party1796
tail1837
surprise-party1840
street party1845
costume party1850
pound party1869
all-nighter1870
neighbourhood party1870
simcha1874
ceilidh1875
studio party1875
pounding1883
house party1885
private function1888
shower1893
kitchen shower1896
kitchen evening1902
bottle party1903
pyjama party1910
block party1919
house party1923
after-party1943
slumber party1949
office party1950
freeload1952
hukilau1954
BYOB1959
pot party1959
bush party1962
BYO1965
wrap party1978
bop1982
warehouse party1988
rave1989
society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [adjective] > other parties
garden party1872
BYO1965
1965 Acronyms & Initialisms Dict. (Gale Res. Co.) (ed. 2) 148 BYO, Party Invitation Notation Meaning ‘Bring Your Own’ (Liquor).
1968 Catering May 12/2 One important alteration in the new Liquor Control Bill is that B.Y.O. permits for unlicensed restaurants have been abolished.
1973 Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 31 Aug. 1460/6 Most people can only eat out on any regular basis if they dine at a BYO and avoid the licensed houses.
1986 Daily Sun (Brisbane) 23 May 38/3 Samford Restaurant is a quaint BYO house in a venerable old home that has been renovated.
BYOB n. U.S. ‘bring your own beer (booze, bottle, etc.)’.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > nightlife > [noun] > bring your own
BYOB1959
BYO1965
society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > other parties
play-party1796
tail1837
surprise-party1840
street party1845
costume party1850
pound party1869
all-nighter1870
neighbourhood party1870
simcha1874
ceilidh1875
studio party1875
pounding1883
house party1885
private function1888
shower1893
kitchen shower1896
kitchen evening1902
bottle party1903
pyjama party1910
block party1919
house party1923
after-party1943
slumber party1949
office party1950
freeload1952
hukilau1954
BYOB1959
pot party1959
bush party1962
BYO1965
wrap party1978
bop1982
warehouse party1988
rave1989
1959 Amer. Speech 34 155 If they decide upon a party, they throw a ball or..in some cases, a BYOB (bring your own bottle).
1975 New Yorker 26 May 32/1 Our parties are not just BYOB but also BYOW (Weed) and BYOBR (Brown Rice).
1984 M. Fermaglish Mollie's Rules for Socially Inept iii. 72 As long as the invitation doesn't say ‘BYOB’, they'll show up.
I2. B. or B. flat, a humorous euphemism for bug ( Cimex lectularius).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Heteroptera > member of Capsidae or Miridae > cimex lectularius (bed-bug)
punaisec1530
wall-louse1540
cimex1585
bug1622
chincha1640
want-louse1655
wiglouse1658
bedbug1740
B. flat1853
Norfolk Howard1862
mahogany flat1864
1853 H. Morley Apartments, Furnished in Househ. Words 16 July 461/1 A stout negro of the flat-back tribe—known among comic writers as B flats.
1867 Cornhill Mag. Apr. 450 That little busy B. which invariably improves the darkness at the expense of every offering traveller.
1881 T. Hughes Rugby, Tennessee 58 An insect suspiciously like a British B. flat.
Draft additions September 2018
BBFC n. British Board of Film Classification (formerly Censors), the body responsible for assigning ratings to films, DVDs, etc., in the United Kingdom.The rating classification indicates the audience band for which a particular film is considered appropriate, in terms of various factors including sexual content, the level of violence depicted, and language regarded as suitable for younger viewers.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > [noun] > film institute or organization
BBFC1930
BFI1934
AFI1967
1930 Film Daily 5 Oct. 8/1 The Works Committee of the West Ham Bureau Corp, which oversees the exhibition of cinemas, has for a second time refused the application to show the Russian film, 'Storm Over Asia', which has also been refused a B.B.F.C. certificate.
1989 Times 9 Aug. 14/3 Films on video are separately categorized by the BBFC for viewing in the home.
2009 WENN Entertainm. News Wire Service (Nexis) 19 Aug. Censor officials..refused to pass it—meaning they won't allow the film to be shown in U.K. cinemas until it is heavily edited to meet the BBFC's standards of decency.
Draft additions September 2018
BFI n. British Film Institute, a charitable organization that promotes and preserves film-making and television work throughout the United Kingdom. Also sometimes in later use: either of the cinemas run by the organization, esp. the ‘BFI Southbank’ (formerly the National Film Theatre).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > [noun] > film institute or organization
BBFC1930
BFI1934
AFI1967
1934 Cinema Q. 3 144 There is no evidence, for instance, that ‘Scotland is wisely preparing to cut itself off’ from the operations of the B.F.I.—the actual position being, that provided Scotland can retain its independence to deal with its own problems..it is both willing and anxious to co-operate with the Institute.
1989 Guardian 30 Nov. 28/5 Ai No Corrida..acquiring a new distributor, the British Film Institute. It was the BFI who took the courageous step of submitting the film to the BBFC 11 years after its first UK screening.
2009 Observer 8 Nov. (Review section) 12/5 Users have been generous in their praise of the BFI's website during the recent London film festival.
2015 Time Out London 20 Oct. 57/3 The BFI always offer a solid line-up of classic horror on Halloween night, and this year's offerings include..the director's cut of ‘The Exorcist’.
Draft additions 1997
BCD n. binary coded decimal.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > [noun] > numerical notation > binary-coded
binary-coded decimal1948
BCD1959
1959 E. M. McCormick Digital Computer Primer iv. 49 An important characteristic of any bcd system is the ability to form the nines complement of the digit.
1963 B. W. Arden Introd. Digital Computing xviii. 341 Six BCD characters can be stored in an IBM 7090 computer word.
1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xix. 103 BCD addition is longer than Pure Binary addition.
Draft additions 1997
BLT n. colloquial (originally U.S.) bacon, lettuce, and tomato (sandwich).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > bread with spread or filling > [noun] > sandwich > other sandwiches
cheese sandwich1828
bacon sandwich1858
cucumber sandwich1896
club sandwich1903
western sandwich1908
Reuben sandwich1927
poor boy1931
po' boy1932
hero1938
hero sandwich1939
foot-long1941
steak sandwich1941
sub1948
sub sandwich1948
submarine1949
BLT1952
panini1955
tuna sandwich1957
hoagie1967
muffuletta1967
gyro1971
PBJ1971
stotty1971
Philadelphia cheesesteak1977
Philly cheesesteak1982
banh mi1985
1941 J. Smiley Hash House Lingo 13 B.M.T. [sic], bacon, lettuce and tomato sandwich.]
1952 Amer. Speech 27 231 The following items were collected..during the summer of 1949... B.L.T. Bacon, lettuce, and tomato.
1989 US Air Sept. 75/2 He eats at his desk every day, sometimes dining on such delicacies as a hot dog or a BLT.
Draft additions 1997
BNF n. Computing Backus–Naur (formerly Backus normal) form.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > programming language > [noun] > syntax > description of
Backus–Naur form1964
BNF1964
1964 Proc. AFIPS Conf. 25 61/2 The syntax of the source language is described in a language called BNF (to suggest ‘Backus normal form’, denoted B.n.f.). BNF looks much like B.n.f.
1966 Nordisk Tidskr. Informations-Behandling 6 302 The language is a finite ordered set of production-rules, written in Backus Normal Form (BNF).
1987 B. J. MacLennan Princ. Programming Langs. (ed. 2) iv. 159 The decision to use the BNF notation in the Algol-60 Report resulted from Peter Naur's realization that his understanding of the Algol-58 description did not agree with that of John Backus.
Draft additions 1997
BSE n. bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > other disorders of cattle
murrainc1450
gall1577
gargyse1577
sprenges1577
wisp1577
closh1587
milting1587
moltlong1587
hammer1600
mallet1600
scurvy1604
wither1648
speed1704
nostril dropping1708
bladdera1722
heartsick1725
throstling1726
striking1776
feather-cling1799
hollow-horn1805
weed1811
blood striking1815
the slows1822
toad-bit1825
coast-fever1840
horn-distemper1843
rat's tail1847
whethering1847
milk fever1860
milt-sickness1867
pearl tumour1872
actinomycosis1877
pearl disease1877
rat-tail1880
lumpy jaw1891
niatism1895
cripple1897
rumenitis1897
Rhodesian fever1903
reticulitis1905
barbone1907
contagious abortion1910
trichomoniasis1915
shipping fever1932
New Forest disease1954
bovine spongiform encephalopathy1987
BSE1987
mad cow disease1988
East Coast fever2009
1987 Economist 14 Nov. 92/3 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( bse) twists the tongues of vets and wrecks the brains of cows.
1988 Vet. Rec. 6 Feb. 142/1 It is unlikely that bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( bse) is caused by hexachlorophene poisoning.
1993 Guardian 30 Oct. 8/8 If man is susceptible to BSE, then at least 8 million adults are likely to have eaten enough to get Creutzfeld–Jakob disease.
1996 Daily Tel. 25 Mar. 1 The farming and meat processing industries [are] facing a financial disaster of unprecedented proportions following the warning of a possible link with a human strain of BSE.
Draft additions 1993
Biochemistry. Designating the most common form of double-stranded DNA, consisting of a right-handed double helix in which the base pairs are almost perpendicular to the helix axis.
ΚΠ
1953 R. Franklin & R. Gosling in Nature 25 Apr. 740/1 Sodium Thymonucleate fibres give two distinct types of X-ray diagram. The first corresponds to a crystalline form, structure A, obtained at about 75 per cent relative humidity... At higher humidities a different structure, structure B, showing a lower degree of order, appears and persists over a wide range of ambient humidity. The change from A to B is reversible.
1968 Nature 9 Nov. 563/2 RNA may not be able to adopt a structure like that of B-DNA with a C2-endo sugar conformation.
1983 Sci. Amer. Dec. 87/2 Fibers of DNA can exist in two forms: as B DNA under conditions of high humidity and as A DNA when the humidity is lower.
Draft additions 1993
B.A.L.P.A. n. /ˈbælpə/ British Air Line Pilots' Association.
/ˈbælpə/ British Air Line Pilots' Association.ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > people who fly in aircraft or spacecraft > [noun] > person in control of aircraft or spacecraft > person in control of aircraft > pilots' association
B.A.L.P.A.1937
1937 Aeroplane 53 652/2 The B.A.L.P.A. was formed to present the pilots' cases in a way for which they reasonably contended there was no machinery then available.
1946 Log Dec. 215 This is an important month for B.A.L.P.A.
1970 D. Francis Rat Race vii. 97 There's no B.A.L.P.A. to uphold your rights there.
Draft additions 1993
B & B n. (also b and b, b & b) bed and breakfast (see bed n. 1g(a)); a guest-house, etc., offering bed-and-breakfast accommodation.
ΘΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > public lodging-places > [noun] > inn
guest housec1000
innc1230
hostry1377
host1382
harbergeryc1384
hostelc1384
hostelryc1386
harbergagea1400
hostelar1424
hostagec1440
innsc1550
host-house1570
fondaco1599
change1609
auberge1615
sporting house1615
albergo1617
rancho1648
change-housea1653
posada1652
public house1655
inn-house1677
funduq1684
locanda1770
fonda1777
livery tavern1787
roadhouse1806
meson1817
tambo1830
gasthaus1834
estalagem1835
caravanserai1848
temperance inna1849
sala1871
bush-inn1881
ryokan1914
B & B1918
pousada1949
minshuku1970
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > public lodging-places > [noun] > types of arrangement
full board1787
bed and breakfast1910
B & B1918
self-catering1957
1918 Sunday Times (Perth, Austral.) 6 Jan. 9/3 For civvies the cost [in Glasgow] is 8/6 bed and breakfast, but we soldiers live in state for 3/6 b. and b.
1939 S. Bone Albion, Artist's Brit. 34 There are stretches on most high-roads where a cottage without a notice announcing ‘Bed and Breakfast’ or, laconically, ‘B. & B.’ is a matter for remark.
1967 K. Giles Death & Mr. Prettyman vi. 121 Mr. S said I could stay here if I only charged ten bob for b and b, bought my own dinner and got back by nine-fifteen tomorrow.
2009 B. Williams-Paquette B & B Cookbk. p. xv You want your B & B to be unique. Part of this is getting the furnishings, decorations, and food right.
Draft additions 1993
BARB n. /bɑːb/ (also Barb) Broadcasters' Audience Research Board, an organization founded in 1981 to assess the size of the audience for individual television programmes.
/bɑːb/ (also Barb) Broadcasters' Audience Research Board, an organization founded in 1981 to assess the size of the audience for individual television programmes.Π
1982 Daily Tel. 9 Dec. 15/8 When broadcasting overseas the BBC is untroubled by the pedants of Barb.., and invariably speaks in well-rounded million[s].
1982 Listener 16 Dec. 27/3 The homes on the BARB panel don't register time-shift use of video-recorders.
1986 Stage 7 Aug. 18/3 The weekly figures produced for BARB by AGB, show that the Royal Wedding dominated the week's viewing.
Draft additions 1993
B. Ed. n. Bachelor of Education.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > a degree > specific
masterdomc1400
doctorship1533
doctorate?1577
mastership1583
baccalaureate1625
bachelorshipa1656
doctorhood1683
LL.D.1763
master's degree1774
LL.B.1796
Mus.B.1801
PhD1839
Lambeth degree1859
baccalaureate degree1864
LL.M.1874
(Lady) Literate in Arts1877
Sc.D.1885
Mus. Bac.1889
post-graduation1889
B.Lit.1895
masterate1902
B.Phil.1923
B. Ed.1941
ABD1954
Dip. Tech.1957
master1960
B.Sc.-
1941 J. M. Cattell et al. Leaders in Educ. (ed. 2) 123/1 Brown, Dr. W(iley) G(len)...B. Ed. Nebraska State Normal School 08.
1963 Higher Educ.: Rep. Comm. under Ld. Robbins 116 in Parl. Papers 1962–3 (Cmnd. 2154) XI. 639 What should the degree awarded to Training College students be called? We think it should be distinctive and recommend that it should be called a B.Ed. The provisions we have envisaged should make certain that it is regarded as a degree equivalent in standard to the B.A.
1964 New Statesman 13 Mar. 390/2 The proposals..would make the colleges university institutions,..and entitled to prepare suitable students..for a new degree, BEd.
1986 Times Higher Educ. Suppl. 13 June 7/4 Recruitment has completely altered since they introduced a four-year honours B Ed.
Draft additions 1993
bpi n. Computing bits per inch.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > measure of size or density
density1956
bpi1964
1964 IEEE Trans. Electronic Computers 13 112/1 A recording technique was developed which achieves a packing density of 2500 bits per inch (bpi).
1985 Computing Equipm. Sept. 13/1 The 8000 series are available..storing up to 2.7 MBytes of formatted data on a DC 300 XL cartridge at 1600 bpi.
Draft additions 1993
bps n. Computing bits per second.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > data > database > data entry > [noun] > rate of transmission
baud rate1968
bps1968
1968 New Acronyms & Initialisms (Gale Research Co.) 32 BPS, Bits Per Second (Data processing).
1975 R. L. Freeman Telecommunication Transmission Handbk. viii. 389 Voice frequency carrier telegraph techniques handle data rates up to 1200 bps.
1983 80 Microcomputing Feb. 24/1 A modem can clock at 4800 or 9600 baud, but data will be transmitted at 1200 or 2400 BPS.
Draft additions 1993
Bq n. = Becquerel n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > measurement of ionizing radiation > [noun] > units of radioactivity
megacurie1947
curie1954
pico-curie1960
Becquerel1975
Bq1975
1975 Physics Bull. Mar. 105/1 The CIPM will recommend to the CGPM that the SI unit of activity should be given the name ‘becquerel’, symbol Bq.
1986 Nature 31 July 393/1 Imports of foodstuffs from Eastern Europe would be prohibited while the content of radioactivity exceeded 600 Bq per kg.
Draft additions 1993
B.V.M. n. [ < post-classical Latin B.V.M., graphic abbreviation of Beata Virgo Maria] The Blessed Virgin Mary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > Mary > [noun]
ladyOE
queenOE
MaryOE
St MaryOE
starOE
Our LadylOE
lemana1225
maidena1225
maid Marya1225
heaven queenc1225
mothera1275
maiden Maryc1300
Star of the Seac1300
advocatrixc1390
mother-maidc1390
flower, gem, etc., of virginitya1393
the Virgina1393
mediatricea1400
paramoura1400
salver14..
advocatrice?a1430
Mother of God?a1430
way of indulgence?a1430
advocatessc1450
mother-maidenc1450
rose of Jerichoa1456
mediatrixc1475
viergec1475
addresseressa1492
fleur-de-lis?a1513
rosine?a1513
salvatrice?a1513
saviouress1563
mediatressa1602
advocatress1616
Christotokos1625
Deipara1664
V.M.1670
Madonnaa1684
the Virgin Mother1720
Panagia1776
Mater Dolorosa1800
B.V.M.1838
dispensatrixa1864
Theotokos1874
dispensatress1896
1619 M. Inchofer Epistolae B. Virginis Mariæ ad Messanenses 2 (heading) Epistolæ B.V.M. ad Messanenses.]
1838 Catholic Directory (verso title page) Feasts observed in England and Scotland..8 Sept. Nativity of B.V.M.
1884 Notes & Queries 8 Nov. 377/1 This festival, more commonly known as the ‘Assumption of the B.V.M.’..is observed on August 15.
1952 C. S. Lewis Lett. (1966) 243 A state..where the B.V.M. is treated really as a divinity and even becomes the centre of the religion.
1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 868/1 Some cultus of the BVM is held to be a necessary element in the spiritual life of the Catholic.
1986 P. D. James Taste for Death i. i. 17 ‘Don't you want 'em for the BVM?’ ‘We've got your uncle's roses for Our Lady.’
Draft additions 1993
BW n. (also b/w, b & w) Cinematography and Television black and white, as opposed to colour.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > visual element > [adjective] > monochrome
monochrome1918
BW1960
black and white1973
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > special techniques > [adjective]
slowed-down1919
slowed-up1920
speeded-up1931
multiplane1948
widescreen1949
BW1960
Imax1969
slo-mo1969
Omnimax1973
colorized2005
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > special techniques > [adjective] > reproduction in black and white
BW1960
1960 O. Skilbeck ABC of Film & TV Working Terms 22 B/W, Black and White film. It is usual to have B/W Rush Prints of colour film and to use them for the Cutting copy, to save expense.
1974 New Acronyms & Initialisms (Gale Research Co.) 11/2 BW, Black and White.
1985 Music Week 2 Feb. 42/5 Replacing the b/w with the original videotape colour recordings.
1986 City Limits 16 Oct. 57 A 25-page essay with b&w stills on some of the hidden history of films.
Draft additions December 2013
b n. Physics bar (bar n.6) (in either sense).
ΚΠ
1919 Science 31 Oct. 412/1 b = bar or unit of pressure expressed in force = 1 dyne/cm.2
1974 H. H. Rieke & G. V. Chilingarian Compaction Argillaceous Sediments App. A, 399 Conversion factor..b 14.5038 p.s.i.
1989 A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding (ed. 9) I. i. 24 The bar (b) and its multiple the hectobar (hbar) are also used as units of pressure and stress.
2007 C. Emiliani Planet Earth (new ed.) xiii. 270/2 More practical units of pressure for studying the atmosphere are..the millimeter of mercury (mmHg) = 1.3329 mb, and the atmosphere (atm) = 1.013 b.
Draft additions December 2013
b n. Nuclear Physics barn (barn n. d).
ΚΠ
1951 Gloss. Terms Nucl. Sci.: Sect. 7: Instrumentation (National Res. Council (U.S.)) vii. 2/2 Barn (b), a unit of area used in expressing a nuclear cross section. 1 barn = 10−24 cm2.
1981 G. Friedlander et al. Nucl. & Radiochem. (ed. 3) xv. 578 A process with a cross section of 1 nb (10−33 cm2) would be observed at the rate of about one event every two minutes.
2012 Nucl. Instruments & Methods Physics Res. B. 276 64/1 The maximum cross section was 368 ± 26 mb and occurred at proton energy of 13.1 MeV.
Draft additions July 2010
B chromosome n. Genetics (a) a chromosome reckoned as the second in various classifications; now disused; (b) a small extra chromosome, found esp. in plants and invertebrates, which has no equivalent in the basic chromosome set of a species, and has an irregular, non-Mendelian, mode of inheritance.
ΚΠ
1909 Amer. Naturalist 43 243 For each pair in the cells of a given individual there is a homologous pair in the cells of other individuals of the species.... We may designate one of these pairs as A chromosomes, a second as B chromosomes, etc., the same pairs as a rule being found in different individuals of the same species.
1927 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 14 80 The A-chromosomes are shown in this nucleus in the lower part of fig. 15. The second large pair (B-chromosomes) are represented in figure 20.
1928 L. F. Randolph in Anat. Rec. 41 102 In maize have been found supernumerary chromosomes of three types:... b) Chromosomes of approximately the same size as the smallest members of the typical set, but differing from them in form and behavior... Type-B chromosomes are present in many commercial varieties and genetical cultures.]
1941 Genetics 26 608 Among 440 plants of these varieties of Indian maize, there were 63 with one or more B chromosomes.
1983 J. R. S. Fincham Genetics vi. 167 With the exception of those occasional ‘optimal extras’ the B-chromosomes.., all chromosomes seem to have unique and essential functions.
2005 F. P.-M. de Villena in A. Ruvinsky & J. A. M. Graves Mammalian Genomics xiii. 321/2 B chromosomes are comparatively rare among mammals.
Draft additions July 2010
B-mode n. a mode of operation or functioning that is second in a group of two or more; spec. the mode of operation in B-scan ultrasound imaging; frequently attributive; cf. A-mode n. at A n. Compounds.
Π
1946 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 93 iiia. 931/2 These three modes [of vibration in a microwave resonator] were originally designated by Sayers as the AB-mode, the A-mode and the B-mode.
1961 IRE Trans. Mil. Electronics 5 174/2 During the B mode, an equal number of lines with a slope of −1 is generated.
1964 Neurology 14 259/2 (title) The value of B-mode determination of midline in echo-encephalography.
2003 Connecting Quarks with Cosmos (U.S. National Res. Council: Div. Engin. & Phys. Sci.) vii. 143 This so-called ‘B-mode’ component of the polarization will have amplitudes one or more orders of magnitude smaller.
2009 A. A. Bharath Introd. Med. Imaging v. 102 The series of B-mode slices is then interpolated and resampled to yield a 3D volume.
Draft additions July 2010
B-scan n. a radar or ultrasound scan in which the echo signals are used to modify the brightness of a spot on an oscilloscope screen, so that a two-dimensional cross-sectional image can be built up from multiple scans; an image obtained by such a scan; cf. A-scan n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > radiography or radiology > scanning > [noun] > image or record produced by
B-scan1947
scintillograph1950
scintigram1952
scan1953
scintiscan1954
photoscan1956
scintigraph1957
scintillogram1958
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > radiography or radiology > ultrasonography > [noun] > record
B-scan1947
sonogram1950
sonograph1952
ultrasonogram1958
ultrasonograph1975
1947 Brit. Patent 592,367 3/2 Figure 2 is a representation of a typical radar screen showing a B-scan display.
1960 A. M. Peterson in D. H. Menzel Radio Noise Spectrum ii. 27 (caption) Range-azimuth display, or B-scan, of an auroral echo... Frequency, 400 Mc/s; antenna elevation, 4°.
1978 R. M. Lunt Handbk. Ultrasonic B-Scanning Med. iii. 27 B-scans are often carried out to confirm the presence and size of a palpated mass.
2006 H. Zhang & J. Senkara Resistance Welding vi. 212 A new technique using ultrasonic B-scan has been developed in recent years for nondestructive evaluation of resistance spot welds.
Draft additions July 2010
B-scanning n. the action or process of performing an ultrasound B-scan.
Π
1963 Ultrasonics 1 162/1 In the case of breast tumours and liver diseases the Japanese group used B-scanning.
1968 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Jan. 112/1 In B-scanning the echo is represented as a dot corresponding to the position of the echo, and the probe is moved in a linear fashion along the surface, so that a cross-sectional representation of the subject results.
2006 W. N. McDicken & P. R. Hoskins in P. L. Allan Clin. Doppler Ultrasound i. 6 B-scanning and Doppler imaging are carried out with the common types of real-time transducer.
Draft additions June 2001
B2B n. (also b2b) [ < business to business, with to phonetically replaced by two (2)] business to business; commerce between businesses rather than between business and consumer (used chiefly in relation to internet commerce); frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1994 Marketing News 12 Sept. 15/2 The AMA has launched the B2B Marketing Exchange, an Internet bulletin board designed to provide information on coming events, research sites, courses, and articles of interest to business-to-business marketing academics and practitioners.
1998 Financial Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. (Survey section) 1 These potential revenue streams present growth opportunities for incumbents and a fresh paradigm for new entrants, both of which feel compelled to embrace B2B (business-to-business) in order to succeed.
2000 Wired Feb. 216/2 (advt.) Being the only neutral B2B marketplace for the $700 billion dollar global steel industry is no easy task.
Draft additions June 2014
BAME adj. British black, Asian, and minority ethnic: designating (members of) black, Asian, and ethnic minority communities in the United Kingdom.
ΚΠ
2002 Guardian 24 July b103/4 Members of BAME communities and people with disabilities are particularly encouraged to apply.
2008 Evening Standard (Nexis) 9 June a51 Over the past nine years, the Met has trebled its intake of black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) officers.
2013 M. Sargeant Discrim. & Law vii. 83 By 2025, seven London boroughs are projected to have BAME populations that represent over 50% of the total.
Draft additions June 2013
B and D n. (also B & D, B/D, BD) bondage and discipline.
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > types of sexual behaviour > [noun] > sadism or masochism > involving binding with rope, handcuffs, etc.
bondage1966
B and D1971
BDSM1991
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > types of sexual behaviour > [noun] > sadism or masochism > involving beating with whips, etc.
flagellation1891
fladge1958
B and D1971
1971 G. D. Bartell Group Sex v. 82 ‘B and D’ refers to bondage (various forms of restraint) and discipline (spanking, whipping, etc.).
1990 Cincinnati July 15/3 ‘SM’ stood for—would ya believe it?—sadomasochism. And ‘BD’ was the code for bondage.
1991 Outrage Feb. 69/2 (advt.) Likes lingerie, leather, B/D, corporal punishment, rubber, water sports, submissive, passive.
2008 D. Skibbins Hanged Man vi. 44 Everybody in the B and D scene either liked her or despised her. That's life as a dominatrix.
Draft additions September 2013
BC n. Diving buoyancy compensator.
ΚΠ
1975 Pop. Sci. May 132/3 The BC isn't just for emergencies; you use it constantly to adjust your buoyancy under water.
1993 Discover Diving Apr. 38/3 There were no suits, no BC's, and I was negative buoyant.
2003 S. M. Barsky & T. S. Neuman Investigating Recreational & Commerc. Diving Accidents ix. 150 The diver claimed the cap came off the power inflator and the BC sent him rocketing to the surface.
Draft additions August 2007
bcc n. (also BCC, Bcc) = blind carbon copy n. at blind adj. and n. Additions.
Π
1974 W. H. Bonner Better Business Writing 455 You would omit the carbon copy notation from the original, but would typewrite the letters bcc (meaning blind carbon copy) on the carbon copies only.
2004 C. Lindsell-Roberts Strategic Business Lett. & E-mail xiv. 276 Use Bcc prudently, because it's a clear indication you're sending something unbeknownst to the person or people in the To field.
Draft additions August 2007
bcc v. (also BCC, Bcc; past tense bcc'd, bcced) transitive to send a blind carbon copy of a communication to (a recipient), now esp. via email (frequently with on); (also) to send a blind carbon copy of (a communication).
Π
1989 Federal News Service (Nexis) 30 June You wrote a letter, and you ‘bcc'd’ [her].
2000 Business Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 2 July 24 Just think of the last time someone CCed, or even worse, BCCed some piece of e-mail to someone else.
2004 PC World Mar. 128/1 We could set T-bird to bcc another address on all outgoing mail.
Draft additions December 2013
bcc n. Crystallography body-centred cubic; frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1929 Bureau of Standards Jrnl. Res. (U.S. Dept. Commerce) 3 1020 (table) Crystal structure of nitrided case, as determined by X rays..H. c. p.; B. c. c.
1966 C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials iii. 62 The b.c.c. structure has a coordination number of 8, and each atom is surrounded by eight others.
2008 J. E. House Inorg. Chem. xi. 378 Ferritic stainless steel has a bcc structure and does not contain nickel.
Draft additions June 2012
BCS n. [ < the initial letters of the names of John Bardeen (1908–91), Leon N. Cooper (b. 1930), and John Robert Schrieffer (1931–2019), U.S. physicists, who described the theory in 1957 ( Physical Rev. 108 1175)] Physics attributive designating a theory of superconductivity which attributes the phenomenon to the collective behaviour of weakly bound pairs of electrons (Cooper pairs), which are not scattered by defects, phonons, etc., and hence experience zero resistance; relating to or conforming to this theory.The theory also finds applications in nuclear physics.
ΚΠ
1958 Physica 24 Suppl. S147 (heading) The interaction in the BCS theory of superconductivity.
1958 C. G. Kuper in Physica Jan. 304 Recently Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer (hereafter quoted as BCS) have proposed a theory in which the wave functions contain electron correlations.]
1968 C. G. Kuper Introd. Theory Superconductivity xv. 258 The Yukawa force between nucleons has a pairing part, and the methods of the BCS theory are applicable.
1994 New Scientist 17 Sept. 32/2 The BCS model says that a travelling electron can induce vibrations called phonons, of atoms or of the lattice that makes up the crystal.
1996 F. Yang & J. H. Hamilton Mod. Atomic & Nucl. Physics xi. 508 The BCS theory of superconductivity was subsequently introduced into nuclear physics to explain nucleon pairing.
2009 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Aug. 63/2 In BCS materials, the Cooper pairs have so-called spherical symmetry.
Draft additions September 2013
b/d n. (also B/D) barrels (of oil) per day; cf. bpd n. at Additions.
Π
1942 Nat. Petroleum News 27 May 25/1 Tank car shipments will reach 800,000 B/D soon.
1993 Offshore Oil Internat. Sept. 25/1 The official quota is 23.58 million b/d though actual production has often been in excess of 25 million b/d.
2005 I. Rutledge Addicted to Oil 130 America's total oil requirements will continue to rise to around 26.7 million b/d in 2020.
Draft additions December 2002
BDD n. Psychiatry = body dysmorphic disorder n. at body n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1993 Jrnl. Clin. Psychiatry 54 389 Although body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is classified in DSM-III-R as a nonpsychotic somatoform disorder, controversy exists as to whether BDD can present with psychotic features.
1997 Daily Mail (Nexis) 16 Dec. 33 People with BDD may avoid a wide range of social or public situations, or may enter them but suffer from acute self-consciousness.
2000 F. Neziroglu et al. in W. K. Goodman et al. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder xiii. 239 BDD involves a faulty or disturbed belief as well as body misperception. BDD patients..attempt to camouflage their perceived ugliness by wearing hats or sunglasses, or by undergoing plastic surgery.
Draft additions December 2013
BDNF n. Physiology brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
ΚΠ
1985 Developmental Biol. 112 320/1 These studies have led to the isolation and complete purification from pig brain of a novel neurotrophic factor: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
2007 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Apr. 27 Those born with a faulty variant of the gene responsible for the production of BDNF have trouble with recall and creating new memories.
Draft additions June 2013
BDSM n. bondage, discipline (or domination), sadism (or submission), and masochism; cf. B and D n. at Additions, D and S n. at D n. Additions, S and M n. at S n.1 Initialisms 1.
ΘΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > types of sexual behaviour > [noun] > sadism or masochism > involving binding with rope, handcuffs, etc.
bondage1966
B and D1971
BDSM1991
1990 F. Musafar in A. Parfrey Apocalypse Culture (rev. ed.) 109 There are three different terms, there is S & M, B & D, and D & S.]
1991 Quarterhorse Says in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet newsgroup) 20 June SO [i.e. significant other] doesn't like BDSM; knows I like it, knows what I do (generally).
1994 Washington Times 27 Nov. a6/1 He said BDSM refers only to sexual activity that involves ‘mutual consent’ and insists it is ‘not abuse’.
2011 M. Roffey With Kisses of his Mouth 461 I am a ‘top’ or dominatrix in BDSM games.
Draft additions January 2005
BE n. Linguistics Black English; cf. BEV n. at Additions.
ΚΠ
1970 R. D. Abrahams in Florida FL Reporter 8 27 I am concerned here that we are still conceiving of black speakers of Black English (BE) as disadvantaged.
1990 Word 41 204 Generally, two variants of each variable are discussed: the Standard English (SE) variants; and the non-standard (Black English, BE) variants taken together.
Draft additions June 2008
BE Linguistics British English; cf. BrE at Additions.
ΚΠ
1954 Amer. Speech 29 57 Topically arranged word lists..in three columns, one for the American English (AE) words, one for their British English (BE) equivalents, and one for the German equivalents.
2006 Y. Kachru in S. J. Nero Dial., Englishes, Creoles, & Educ. i. 23 There is expectation that India, Nigeria and Singapore will somehow become GAE, BE or AusE-speaking countries forgetting their own histories of English language and literature.
Draft additions June 2004
BEC n. Physics Bose–Einstein condensation; (also) Bose–Einstein condensate.
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1975 Jrnl. Low Temperature Physics 21 543 We treat the question of the existence of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in Bose lattice systems.
1976 Progress Theoret. Physics 56 1689 Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is treated on the basis of the Mori theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
2001 Nature 24 May 427/1 For BEC to occur, the quantum wavelengths of the atoms must be greater than their average separation, which for liquid helium is about 0.4 nanometres.
Draft additions January 2005
BEV n. Linguistics Black English Vernacular (AAVE is now the preferred term).
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1972 W. Labov Lang. in Inner City p. xiii I will then refer to the black English vernacular (BEV) as that relatively uniform grammar found in its most consistent form in the speech of black youth from 8 to 19 years old who participate fully in the street culture of the inner cities.
1994 S. Pinker Lang. Instinct ii. 30 Larry and other BEV speakers invert subjects and auxiliaries in negative main clauses like Don't nobody know.
Draft additions January 2011
BFF n. slang (originally and chiefly North American) best friends (or friend) forever; a close friend, one's best friend.Frequently in (representations of) the language of adolescent girls.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > one's favourite friend
best friendc1225
BFF1978
bezzie1997
1978 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Tribune 5 June a1/2 The two Cleveland Junior High School girls signed the notes they sent to each other with a ‘BFF’, best friends forever.
1999 Calgary (Alberta) Sun (Nexis) 10 Feb. f8 [She] buried her childhood companion, her pet poodle Angel, in 1990. The grave marker cites:..to my B.F.F. (best friend forever).
2003 G. Shteyngart Russ. Debutante's Handbk. iii. xvii. 161 Baobab had carved his initials and those of Michel Foucault into the Bench, beneath which, in the style of lower-school girls, he had written, ‘BFF’. Best Friends Forever.
2007 New Yorker 26 Nov. 171/3 The beautiful Blair..and the beautiful Serena..are BFFs, and have been since Serena went away to boarding school, a year ago.
Draft additions September 2013
BFPO n. British Forces (or Field) Post Office.
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1947 C. C. Matthews Dict. Abbrev. 27 B.F.P.O., British Field Post Office.
1963 F. D. Fawcett Cycl. Initials & Abbrev. 20/2 BFPO, Brit. Forces Post Office, e.g. Aden BFPO.
1991 Daily Tel. 1 Feb. 9 The way to address all your mail is to include the number, rank and name, sub unit/unit or ship and BFPO number.
2004 Stamp Mag. Aug. 59/1 BFPO 655, as Mount Pleasant is designated, handles mail, including classified items, mainly to BFPO (British Forces Post Office) addresses, including ships, plus some civilian mail.
Draft additions September 2013
B.G. n. now historical British Guiana (now Guyana).
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1838 H. Light Let. 30 June in Brit. Guiana—Civil List (1840) 27 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 404) XXXIV. 237 I shall have acquired more knowledge of the subject, and the merits of the case... Henry Light, Gov. B.G.
1877 A. J. Pound Magisterial Law Brit. Guiana 54 Jurisdiction in and over the whole Colony of B. G.
1996 Caribbean Today (Electronic ed.) 31 Dec. s22 In those days the stores on the main streets of Georgetown, the capital of B.G., remained open until midnight on Christmas Eve.
Draft additions June 2003
BGH n. (also bGH) Physiology = bovine growth hormone n. at bovine adj. Additions.
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1959 Science 11 Dec. 1653 Growth hormone preparations of simian (M425B) and bovine (NIH-BGH-1) origins were dissolved in 0.15 ml of distilled water..and added to the medium.]
1971 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68 1054 The hormonal specificity of this interaction is attested to by the lack of response of human erythrocyte membranes to BGH, a hormone without effect on human tissues.
1990 Nation (N.Y.) 17 Dec. 771/2 From the beginning of his testing of BGH,..it was evident that cases of mastitis..were unusually high among test herds.
1999 R. R. Colwell et al. in S. M. Friedman Communicating Uncertainty xiv. 259 The scientific consensus is that BGH is not harmful to humans.
Draft additions September 2013
BLS n. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, an office of the U.S. Department of Labor responsible for collecting and analysing information relating to the labour market.
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1934 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 29 Suppl. 209 At the request of the Secretary the Committee has given special attention to the BLS cost-of-living index.
1991 Amer. Demographics Feb. 50/3 According to Bureau of Labor Statistic (BLS) projections for job growth into the next decade, the largest absolute increases will be in jobs that often require evening and weekend work.
2008 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 32/1 The BLS wanted to determine how Americans' increasing obesity would affect the wage penalty.
Draft additions September 2013
BM n. [initialism < the initial letters of post-classical Latin Baccalaureus Medicinae (although this is apparently first attested later: 1729 or earlier; compare earlierMedicinae Baccalaureus (1636 or earlier); compare also Baccalaureus in Medicina (14th cent. or earlier)] Bachelor of Medicine; cf. M.B. at Initialisms 1.
Π
1689 Catal. Graduates Univ. Oxf. (1659–1688) 4 Alvey (Tho.) Merton Col. M.A. May 14. 67. B.M. June 22. 69. D.M. July 1. 71.
1840 Amer. Q. Reg. May 377 Candidates for the degree of B. M. are required to produce a certificate of their diligent attendance on a complete course of the lectures on the principles of pathology and the practice of physic.
1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons 557/1 When he received the BM and MRCS in 1886, he was the youngest medical graduate in the history of the hospital.
2007 C. Callil Bad Faith xxi. 398 She was now Dr Anne Darquier, BA, BM, B.Ch Oxon.
Draft additions September 2013
BM n. originally and chiefly North American bowel movement.
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1911 Jrnl. National Med. Assoc. 3 201/2 Frequent involuntary urination. Frequent desire for B.M. but no result.
1960 Parents' Mag. May 80/2 Her patience will be further tried when this same toddler leaves the bathroom and promptly has a B.M. in his pants.
1993 C. Shields Stone Diaries iii. 103 Harold always takes Grape-Nuts for breakfast. A question of digestion and general health. I feel I should make myself clear on this point. I'm speaking of b.m.'s. Bowel movements.
2012 P. M. Scott Cases Clin. Med. v. 165/1 After experiencing a BM, she feels that she has completely evacuated her bowels.
Draft additions September 2013
BMA n. British Medical Association, a professional association for doctors in the United Kingdom.
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1839 Lancet 16 Mar. 913/1 The election of Mr. Wakley, free from expense to that gentleman... Sec. B. M. A.
1905 Who's Who 1905 p. xiii Abbreviations... B.M.A., British Medical Association.
1998 Daily Tel. 10 July 13/4 The BMA published a health and safety charter yesterday calling for better infection control in hospitals.
2007 Daily Tel. 30 Nov. 12/2 The BMA's view is that doctors should be able to prescribe Viagra..to all patients with a demonstrable clinical need.
Draft additions September 2008
BME adj. British black and minority ethnic; of or designating members of black and ethnic minority (esp. South Asian) communities in the United Kingdom.
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1997 N. Seabrook Nutrition in Gen. Pract. xii. 175 A survey carried out on the health and lifestyles of about 3500 Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups.
2004 Church Times 8 Oct. 2/5 The research was based on focus groups of BME mothers of children under five.
2007 Voice 16 Apr. 16/3 Seven per cent of all households in England are black and minority ethnic, yet BME households account for 32 per cent of overcrowded families.
Draft additions April 2002
BMI n. Medicine = body mass index n. at body n. Compounds 2.
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1975 Jrnl. Chronic Dis. 28 113 (table) BMI.
1988 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 151 465 The body mass index (BMI)..had only occasionally been used in relief feeding.
1997 Daily Tel. 30 Dec. 12/4 Although the present BMI guidance is useful, we have to refine it. For example, a BMI of 25 for a small-boned ectomorph like myself would represent massive overweight.
Draft additions December 2013
BMR n. Biology basal (also base) metabolic rate.
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1920 Lancet 20 Nov. 1044/2 (table) Date. B.M.R. Pulse.
1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 1 July 32/1 The BMR actually correlates with the final assessment of thyroid activity in only about 50% of cases.
2009 Daily Mail (Nexis) 31 Mar. The more muscle you have, the higher your BMR.
Draft additions September 2013
BNF n. originally U.S. big name fan, an enthusiast who is well known to other members of a fan community.
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1950 L. Hoffman in Quandry Oct. 5 Coming Next Ish: A department devoted to the BNF of tomorrow. 'Twill be the neofan of today who is the Tucker or Laney of tomorrow.
1976 in Amer. Speech (1978) 53 561 Every BNF I know (and I know quite a few) is the very example of a ‘fannish’ fan—considerate, polite, easy to talk to, easy to get along with.
2003 Guardian 14 June (Guide Suppl.) 8/3 BNFs are envied and admired in equal measure.
Draft additions July 2010
BOD n. Biology biochemical (also biological) oxygen demand.
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1933 Ann. Surv. Amer. Chem. 1932 xix. 240 Chlorination only reduced the B.O.D. in the effluent 10 per cent.
1992 Operation Forestry Northwest June 37/2 It is this treatment which reduces BOD and toxicity before it is discharged into the river.
2004 D. D. Mara Dom. Wastewater Treatm. Developing Countries v. 68 It would actually be more convenient to measure the 3-day BOD at 30°C which can be shown..to be essentially equal to the 5-day 20°C BOD.
Draft additions March 2004
BOE n. (also boe) Oil Industry barrels of oil equivalent (in the volumetric measurement of oil, one barrel is 35 gallons, or approx. 158.98 litres).
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1979 Oil & Gas Jrnl. 9 Apr. 203/3 Total footage drilled cost $6.4 billion and resulted in a new daily oil equivalent production of 4,896,478 BOE/d.
1999 Petroleum Finance Week (Electronic ed.) 24 Aug. Saga's reserves at the end of 1998 were 442m boe.
Draft additions December 2013
bp n. Biochemistry base pair(s).
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > base pair or pairing
base pair1955
base pairing1956
bp1970
1970 Internat. Rev. Neurobiol. 13 207 (caption) Diagram of the manner of binding of d-LSD and THC in the PG-RNA complex... BP, base pair.
1976 Cell 9 355/2 Recent studies have shown that chromatin is structurally organized in a regular array of nucleoprotein subunits consisting of about 190 base pairs (bp) of DNA.
1990 Nucleic Acids Res. 18 270/2 The 260 bp fragment moved as a diffused band in front of all other bands whereas the complementary 4103 bp fragment moved with uncleaved linear DNA.
2005 Family Pract. News (Nexis) 15 Oct. 27 The telomere length of obese women was 240 bp shorter, compared with lean women.
Draft additions December 2013
BP n. Medicine blood pressure.
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1877 Philos. Trans. 1876 (Royal Soc.) 166 526 (table) A sudden rise of B. P. to the extent of 10 millims. here took place without any alteration of pulse.
1944 Lancet 14 Oct. 491/2 As the weather became hotter, the BP gradually fell, to a minimum of 98/62 in mid-August.
2008 Mirror (Nexis) 12 May 36 Blood pressure (BP) monitoring and cholesterol testing are provided at a growing number of pharmacies. BP tests are free.
Draft additions December 2013
bp n. (also b.p., BP) boiling point.
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1847 J. Hunter Text-bk. Arithm. 209 In the Centigrade scale of heat the Freezing Point is 0°, and the Boiling Point 100°; in Fahrenheit's scale the F. P. is 32°, and the B. P. 212°.
1950 Science 17 Nov. 592/2 Distillation afforded 4.12 g..of chlorobenzene, bp 125°–129.5° C.
2006 T. N. Sorrell Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xv. 490 To make the methyl Grignard reagent, methyl iodide is preferred. It is a liquid, bp 41°C, so the appropriate quantity is easily measured.
Draft additions September 2013
bpd n. (also BPD) barrels (of oil) per day; cf. b/d n. at Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [noun] > amount of oil processed or transferred
run1883
bpd1953
1953 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 61 283/2 BPD, ‘barrels per day’.
1993 Offshore Oil Internat. Sept. 4/1 Bruce is also currently producing oil and condensate at approximately 25,000 bpd.
2012 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 14 Dec. c5 Canada is the eighth-largest consumer of oil, with 2.4 million bpd in September.
Draft additions September 2013
BPI n. British Phonographic Industry, the trade association of the British music industry.
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1963 Billboard 29 June 71/4 Certainly there is no dismay at BPI failure to negotiate use of their talent for film-juke box current-hit propagation.
1990 Music Technol. Apr. 6/3 Recent BPI figures show a 60% increase in unit sales of albums..in the UK from '84–'88.
2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 24 July 1 The BPI, the music industry body, has accused Google of making it easy for users to find links to filesharing websites where they can download pirated music freely.
Draft additions June 2003
BPR n. = business process redesign n. or business process re-engineering n. at business n. Compounds 5.
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1991 Computerworld 2 Dec. 91/1 The faint of heart have no business messing around with business process redesign (BPR).
1998 Manuf. Managem. July 25/3 (advt.) A unique 2-day programme introducing a range of vital cost-reduction techniques including: Kaizen Costing, Target Costing, BPR..and Value Analysis.
Draft additions September 2013
BR n. (also br) chiefly U.S. (in estate agents' usage) bedroom(s).
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1936 Los Angeles Times 7 June ii.-AS 5/4 (advt.) Repossessed:..6-rm. modern Colonial 3 B.R. bungalow.
1994 Minnesota Monthly Feb. 149/1 (advt.) Year round homes..of quality cedar construction. 3–4 BR's.
2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Sept. 86 (advt.) 3 BR, 3 baths, simplex apartment..with 3 high-speed Internet access points.
Draft additions September 2013
Br. n. Britain.
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1681 T. Frankland Ann. King James & King Charles I 400/1 (note) The King of Sweden writes to the K. of Great Br.
1784 T. Jefferson Papers (1953) VII. 542 It would be difficult to find one man among them who would not consider a return under the dominion of Gr. Br. as the greatest of all possible miseries.
1832 J. Bell Syst. Geogr. (new ed.) V. App. 583 (table) Great Br. (without its Colonies).
1998 J. Fleming Hist. Perspectives Climate Change 178 Tyndall, John. ‘Note on the Transmission of Heat Through Gaseous Bodies.’ Proc. Roy. Inst. Gt. Br. 10 (1859): 37.
Br. adj. British.
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1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 7 A pair of horns in the Br. Museum.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. II. Index 701/2 Catalogue of works... Enc. Br. Art.
1993 Jrnl. Trop. Pediatrics 39 28/2 Non-benign sickle cell anaemia in western Saudi Arabia. Br J Haemat. 1985.
2005 Asian Woman Feb. 65/1 The latest and greatest sounds that represent the Br-Asian urban experience.
Draft additions June 2008
BrE Linguistics British English; cf. BE at Additions.
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1968 Language 44 129 Barber illustrates: AmE he often is seen there vs. BrE he is often seen there.
2005 C. McCully & S. Hilles Earliest Eng. ii. 35 Certain BrE accents..appear to lack the phoneme /h/, so you hear 'eart for heart.
Draft additions September 2013
Br. n. brother, chiefly as the title of a member of a male religious order.
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1636 R. Mason Manuell Arch-Confraternitie (title page) Br. Angelus Francis, the least of the Frier Minors, Recollects.
1870 G. M. Hopkins Jrnl. (1937) 133 Br. Yates gave me the following Irish expressions... As weak as a bee's knee.
2011 W. P. Jones Different Kind of Cell viii. 105 Br. Clayton and the brothers of the abbey enjoy a particular spiritual bond.
Draft additions September 2013
BSL n. British Sign Language.
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1977 Brit. Deaf News Dec. 177/2 Comparative studies in the use of artificial systems such as Paget-Gorman and Signed English would also be useful, but there is still so little known about the intricacies and complexities of B.S.L. as deaf people have developed and used it.
2006 J. Mole & D. Peacock in M. Adams & S. Brown Towards Inclusive Learning in Higher Educ. x. 120 Many Deaf people will use BSL as their first language, not English.
Draft additions June 2003
BST n. (also bSt) Physiology = bovine somatotropin n. at bovine adj. Additions.
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1986 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 21 Apr. c3 The breakthrough involves a natural growth hormone called bovine somatotropin (BST)... ‘The biggest problem with BST is the emotional response,’ said Hutjens.
1995 Canad. Forum May 48/1 In 1986, recognizing the marketing problems in selling a growth hormone, BGH manufacturers started using the scientific term bovine somatotropin or BST.
2003 Fresno (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 17 Jan. c1 BST is a naturally occurring protein that is present in all milk. It's rbST, an artificial growth hormone, that is what some dairy operators give to their cows.
Draft additions September 2013
Bt. n. baronet; cf. Bart n.
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1656 W. Dugdale Antiq. Warwickshire 24/1 These Mannours, by vertue of the said entail, came to Sir Iohn Shelley Kt. and Bt. son and heir to Iohn Shelley brother of the said William.
1756 R. Cox Refut. Malicious Falsehoods (title page) Misrepresentations against Sir Richard Cox, Bt. and his eldest son.
1849 G. J. Cayley (title) Some account of the life and adventures of Sir Regd Mohun, Bt.
1995 Daily Tel. 16 Mar. 15/3 The young bloods of the ‘Buller’, moneyed and well-connected, once included..Sir Ferdinand Mount, Bt.
2005 G. Bell Persian Pictures Pref. p. xvii Gertrude Lowthian Bell,..grand-daughter of Sir Lowthian Bell, Bt.
Draft additions September 2013
BT n. British Telecom.
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1980 Times 3 Dec. 6/7 The need for increasing BT's investment to expand the network further.
1992 Which? Oct. 14/3 More than a quarter of the complaints to BT were about recurrent problems with phone lines.
2009 Sunday Times (Nexis) 7 June (Money) 2 My mother showed me her latest BT bill and I realised she had been calling the Speaking Clock at all hours of the day and night.
Draft additions September 2013
BTW adv. (also btw) colloquial by the way.
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1979 Rotarian July 7/1 By the Way (or BTW) will use the formal name in the first reference to the magazine.]
1981 Re: Lion's Bk. in fa.unix-wizards (Usenet newsgroup) 14 June Last I heard, the books could not be copied in any part... BTW—Irma Biren has been promoted..and the new contact would be Francine Glick.
1997 J. Seabrook Deeper iv. 109 Do you think I wanted to be publicated in your low-life-scum magazine??... BTW, what kind of name is Bruckman?
2008 J. Corden & R. Jones Gavin & Stacey (2009) 57/2 Hello my Smithywithywoowoo ru coming2watch me trampolining l8r? btw, can't go laser quest wit u on s@turday, guides camping trip.
Draft additions September 2013
BVI n. (also B.V.I., BVIs) British Virgin Islands.
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1949 Caribbean Q. 1 iii. 48/2 The resident tutor has just returned from Tortola, B.V.I.
1963 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 4 Mar. 10/6 With a more rational taxation system the BVI would be financially ‘viable’.
1995 Successful Meetings Apr. 99/2 An additional treat was cruising through the BVIs on a luxury catamaran.
2020 All at Sea Oct. 22/1 Previously scheduled for March, the event was put on hold at that time by the BVI Government.
Draft additions December 2013
BW n. biological warfare.
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1946 Big Spring (Texas) Daily Herald 7 June 4/1 Latest to be called to public attention is BW, or biological warfare, the scientific cloak of dignity for fighting with disease germs.
1976 Internat. Arms Control (Stanford Arms Control Group) vi. 118 The Chinese made unsubstantiated allegations of American use of BW (infected insects) in the Korean war.
2004 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 5 Feb. 7 The assessment that Iraq possessed a CW [= chemical warfare] or BW capability should be carefully evaluated.
Draft additions December 2013
BWR n. boiling water reactor.
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1955 Land Econ. 31 98 (table) Experimental Boiling Water Reactor. EBWR.]
1957 New Scientist 25 Apr. 29/1 The boiling water reactor (B W R), a development of the P W R, has a lower pressure, which allows the water inside the reactor to boil.
1982 B. Norton in M. Kaku & J. Trainer Nucl. Power (1983) i. 22 Of the 72 operating commercial reactors licensed in 1982 in the United States, all are PWRs or BWRs.
2011 Irish Times (Nexis) 29 Mar. 16 As yet, there is no evidence of any damage at the more modern BWRs at Daini, which shut down automatically after the earthquake.
Draft additions December 2014
BYOD n. [after BYOB n. at Initialisms 1; compare also BYO n. at Initialisms 1] bring your own device, the policy or practice of allowing employees, customers, etc., to connect to an organization's network using their own smartphones, computers, etc.
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2004 Wireless News (Nexis) 27 Sept. Its industry leading open access ‘BYOD’ or Bring Your Own Device plans.
2009 Hugin (Nexis) 5 May Allowing end users to ‘bring their own device’ (BYOD) and manage their own solutions could result in exponential cost savings for organizations.
2012 FierceMobileIT (Nexis) 26 Nov. European and Canadian enterprises are allowing BYOD in increasing numbers.
Draft additions December 2013
Bz n. [symbolic abbreviation for benzene n.] Chemistry benzene.
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1895 F. P. Möller Cod-liver Oil & Chem. 405 (caption) o-Toluquinoline, bz-1-methyl-quinoline, C10H9N; b.p. 248°. bz- indicates that the substitution has taken place in the benzene-ring; the numeral signifies the position.
1962 Jrnl. Inorg. & Nucl. Chem. 24 1442 (table) Peak height. Bz. 0.35.
2012 Dyes & Pigments 95 718/2 Both Bz and Tol have a large polarizability.
Draft additions December 2013
Bz n. [symbolic abbreviation for benzoyl n.] Chemistry benzoyl.
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1833 tr. J. J. Berzelius in Dublin Jrnl. Med. & Chem. Sci. 3 263 We put benzoyle C14 H10 O2 = Bz.
1880 H. E. Armstrong & C. E. Groves Miller's Elements Chem. (ed. 5) III. ii. 66 (table) BzCN. Benzoyl cyanide.
1968 R. N. Haszeldine in E. A. V. Ebsworth et al. New Pathways Inorg. Chem. 119 R• (e.g. Ph•) is a free radical derived from a decomposing peroxide (e.g. Bz2O2).
2010 Tetrahedron Lett. 51 5441/2 The hydroxyl group was subjected to benzoylation with BzCl in pyridine to afford benzoyl ester.
Draft additions October 2011
BZP Pharmacology = benzylpiperazine n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > stimulant drug(s) > specific stimulant drugs
amyl nitrite1881
Methedrine1939
Dexedrine1942
benzylpiperazine1947
dexamphetamine1949
dextro-amphetamine1949
methamphetamine1949
Drinamyl1950
benny1955
dexie1956
purple heart1961
crystal1964
French blue1964
meth1966
speed1967
splash1967
purple1968
crank1969
crystal meth1969
crystal methamphetamine1970
dex1984
ice1989
BZP1997
tik2004
1997 N-Benzylpiperazine (BZP), CNS Stimulant in rec.drugs.chemistry (Usenet newsgroup) 19 May I had very little information on benzylpiperazine (BZP) and it sounded interesting.
2001 Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) (Nexis) 21 May 3 A weekend binge on the party drugs Puritech and BZP left him so stupefied he could not talk.
2006 New Scientist 30 Sept. 42/3 Known by various brand names such as PEP and Bliss, their main active ingredient is BZP.
Draft additions June 2016
BRB v. (also Brb) colloquial (originally and chiefly in electronic communications) be right back.
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1988 PC Mag. 14 June 440/3 Brb..be right back.
2007 P. Carr & G. Pond Unofficial Tourists' Guide to Second Life ii. 33 I'm going afk. Brb.
2015 Sun (Nexis) 8 Aug. 14 Attidore tweeted: ‘Jail for a few years BRB’.
Draft additions September 2016
BHA n. = beta-hydroxy acid n. at beta n. Additions.
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1995 Drug & Cosmetic Industry Feb. 16 At the press launch in Paris, the d'Ornanos emphasized that the product was a hydrating BHA and not an exfoliating—and potentially irritating—AHA.
2006 H. P. Goodheart Acne for Dummies iii. 174 Salicylic acid, a BHA, is oil soluble and can therefore penetrate oil-plugged pores.
2015 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 11 Nov. (Features section) 32 Salicylic acid is the most common form of BHA in skincare.
Draft additions January 2018
BFP n. colloquial (originally and chiefly in online forums relating to infertility and conception) ‘big fat positive’, used to report or talk about a positive pregnancy test; cf. BFN n. at Additions.
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2002 Ow! Ow! Ow! My Head! in alt.support.childfree (Usenet newsgroup) 24 July I normally don't visit the breederboards, but I just had to give in to curiosity and check this one out... It is impossible to fathom situations like these..: ‘Looks like Baby #6 will be here end of March... EKEKEK BFP! Took 2 more tests today.’
2011 M. Moravec Motherhood Online Pref. p. ix When I again got that BFP, I joined yet another ‘pregnant for the first time’ group.
2017 www.mumsnet.com 16 Feb. (forum post, accessed 14 June 2017) When you were pregnant did you get a BFP or pregnancy symptoms first?
Draft additions January 2018
BFN n. colloquial (originally and chiefly in online forums relating to infertility and conception) ‘big fat negative’, used to report or talk about a negative pregnancy test; cf. BFP n. at Additions.
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2001 My Horrible Weekend (Vent, PG/Baby Ment) in alt.support.pco (Usenet newsgroup) 16 Apr. I took an hpt—a bfn.
2008 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 8 June 20 A vocabulary of acronyms has sprung up, reflecting the urgency with which the baby-hungry discuss their endeavours online. You might seek advice on monitoring your BBT,..or find a shoulder to cry on if you get another BFN.
2017 www.mumsnet.com 4 Jan. (forum post, accessed 15 June 2017) I retested yesterday when I was 4 days late and again BFN.
Draft additions January 2018
BLW n. baby-led weaning, a method of weaning by allowing a baby to take and eat food by himself or herself as opposed to being spoon-fed.
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2006 Independent Extra 12 Dec. 10/2 The idea behind BLW is that you should allow your baby access to a variety of healthy finger foods and..leave him to feed himself with his hands.
2017 S. Schenker My Sugar Free Baby & Me 38 BLW gives babies the chance to explore foods for themselves.
Draft additions January 2018
BD v. colloquial (originally and chiefly in online forums relating to fertility and conception) ‘baby dance’, to have sexual intercourse for the purpose of conceiving.
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1997 I need Advice on Temps! in misc.kids.pregnancy 15 July We haven't BD since day 21 (we had already BD 11 times in past 2 weeks).
2004 www.mumsnet.com 5 Aug. (forum post, accessed 4 July 2017) They work you out a timetable for the next few months for the days you should BD to get the particular sex.
2012 J. M. Twenge Impatient Woman's Guide to getting Pregnant 165 Hmmm, BD'd two days before ovulation and the day of. That's pretty good.
2015 www.babycenter.com 16 Jan. (forum post, accessed 4 July 2017) I have a 28 day cycle with ovulation around day 14 or 15. When should we start BDing?
Draft additions March 2019
BEE n. (in or with reference to South Africa) = black economic empowerment n. at black adj. and n. Compounds 1e(a).In quot. 1989 punning on beeline n.
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1989 P. Browning Black Econ. Empowerm. i. 17 Black economic empowerment..has even given rise to ad-agency type slogans such as ‘make a BEE-line for power’.
1993 T. Sono Black Econ. Empowerm. 14 One of the most important concepts underlying BEE, but rarely emphasised, is the notion of black self-help.
2005 Blink Feb. 59/1 BEE is a commercial imperative for companies doing business in SA.
2017 Mercury (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 30 Nov. 4 DAE Construction is a registered BEE company and is committed to promoting equal opportunity.
Draft additions September 2022
BIPOC n. and adj. chiefly North American (a) n. (with plural or singular agreement) ‘Black, indigenous, and people (or person) of colour’; used to refer to non-white people, or a non-white person; (b) adj. relating to or designating such people.Often used with the intention of emphasizing black and indigenous experiences in particular, and as an alternative term to POC n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > non-white person > [noun]
person of colour1786
buck1800
coloured1832
Indiano1836
nigger1843
skepsel1844
native1846
non-white1864
fuzzy1890
fuzzy-wuzzy1892
monk1903
non-European1906
golliwog1916
wog1921
non-European1925
gook1935
boong1941
jungle bunny1966
Indio1969
2013 @GrindToronto 31 July in twitter.com (accessed 15 Mar. 2022) Thanks for supporting/following us #GrindToronto #BIPOC #Toronto.
2020 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 18 Aug. c3/2 ‘Furloughed staff make up the majority of the museum's BIPOC employees..yet they were excluded from the development of this diversity plan,’ said..a furloughed member of the communications staff.
2020 Daily Californian (Nexis) 23 Oct. 1 Being a BIPOC who had a traditionally white upbringing, I come from an odd position: I am both racially privileged and not privileged.
2021 @dominiqueeeeee_ 31 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 15 Mar. 2022) It's so beautiful to me seeing BIPOC representation. It is so important that little black & brown girls can grow up and see themselves as the main character.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2022).
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