milli-comb. form

1955 Physical Rev. 97 88 The cross section..has been calculated to be approximately 35 millibarns.

1958 O. R. Frisch Nucl. Handbk. i. 12 Nuclear cross sections are usually expressed in barns or millibarns.

1989 Nature 23 Feb. 718/2 For E = 7 MeV, equation (2) gives σ_γ,e ≃ 60 millibarn (mb; 1 mb = 10⁻²⁷ cm²).

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Millicalory.

1937 Geogr. Jrnl. 89 543 The cooling power of the atmosphere at 2.0 p.m...averages 6·7 millicalories per square centimetre per second.

1953 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 44 280 The heat intensity required to produce pain was measured with a radiometer..the threshold being expressed in millicalories per second per square centimetre.

1983 Science 14 Jan. 177 R is the sensitivity range in millicalories per second per millimeter.

1910 E. Rutherford in Nature 6 Oct. 430/2 This matter was left for the consideration of the standards committee; the latter suggested that the name Curie should be used as a new unit to express the quantity or mass of radium emanation in equilibrium with one gram of radium (element). For example, the amount of emanation in equilibrium with one milligram of radium would be called 1/1000 Curie or one millicurie.

1947 Sci. News 4 126 One millicurie of radium expels thirty million alpha particles per second.

1963 H. G. Jerrard & D. B. McNeill Dict. Sci. Units 37 The curie is too large for normal laboratory work where the radioactivity is generally of the order of millicuries.

1987 H. C. Palfrey & P. Molsley in A. J. Turner & H. S. Bachelard Neurochem. vi. 171 Millicurie quantities of the isotope are used.

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Millidarcy.

1967 ASTM Special Techn. Pub. No. 417. 88 k_g = gas permeability millidarcys, md.

1977 Offshore Engineer May 41/3 The reservoir is an Eocene limestone, with good porosites (average 17%) and reasonable permeability (15 millidarcy).

1997 GeoArabia 2 385 Porosity varies from 10% to 29%, and permeability from 70-850 millidarcies.

1949 J. B. S. Haldane in Evolution 3 55/2 It may be found desirable to coin some word, for example a darwin, for a unit of evolutionary rate, such as an increase or decrease of size by a factor of e per million years, or, what is practically equivalent, an increase or decrease of ¹/ ₁₀₀₀ per 1000 years. If so the horse rates would range round 40 millidarwins.

1987 Paleobiology 13 138/1 Previous studies have reported relatively high rates of evolution for marine invertebrates..but these studies have focused..on changes in body size. Our results indicate that shape experiences much greater evolutionary stability (modal ‘rate’ in the order of 10 millidarwins for any interval of 1 ma or more).

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Millifarad.

1979 Pract. Wireless Feb. 30/1 An add-on unit which enables the Wide Range Capacitance Meter..to measure capacitors up to 30 millifarads, i.e. 30 000 μF.

1914 O. Klotz in Nature 13 Aug. 611/2 So long ago as 1909 Wiechert used the term ‘gal’ in the report for the Göttingen earthquake station for that unit, being the first syllable of Galileo... Others, as well as myself, have used ‘gal’ or rather ‘milligal’ in analyses of earthquakes... Dyne is the unit of force, gal the unit of acceleration.

1934 Geogr. Jrnl. 83 446 The Bouguer anomalies are small on the coast and decrease steadily westward to about −150 milligals in Shansi.

1993 Science 29 Oct. 728 A mantle plume may still exist if the gravity signature associated with it is small (for example, a few milligals).

1960 Science 7 Oct. 920 (advt.) All lines are 60 milligauss peak-to-peak, and the line width is independent of temperature.

1969 Nucl. Instruments & Methods 76 100/1 High precision with the sensitivity of several milligauss was obtained.

1990 Sci. Amer. Apr. 48/3 Their intensity could be as high as one milligauss, about 1/1,000 of the strength of the earth's magnetic field at the surface.

1950 A. C. Clarke Interplanetary Flight 96 In normal rocket design we are accustomed to accelerations of several gravities, sustained for a period of a minute or se, but a few ‘milligee’ over a period of one or two days would produce the same final result.

1986 G. Benford & D. Brin Heart of Comet (1987) 210 It was difficult to do in less than a milligee.

1890 Electr. World 27 Dec. 452/3 There exists a large class of circuits having many turns but little iron, or clad in iron with few turns of wire, and these seem to be best expressed by the term millihenry, equivalent to the myriametre.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 421/1 All the coils are used in series for the higher range (9 to 105 millihenries), but only portions of each in series for the lower range (0·7 to 12 millihenries).

1950 Engineering 7 Apr. 398/3 In the rectifier positive lead, a 10-millihenry air~core reactor is connected.

1995 Sci. Amer. Feb. 79/2 The drivers described here will have a capacitance of about two nanofarads, so the inductance required is about 20 millihenrys.

1975 Nature 28 Aug. 763/1 Whenever imaging elements smaller than one arc minute, positional accuracy better than one arc second, and sensitivities per beam lower than a few milli Jansky are called for.

1985 Times 23 Jan. 16/6 The equipment for the new experiment at Jodrell Bank is designed to be sensitive to signals as small as two millijanskys.

1963 Science 8 Nov. 818 (advt.) The TRG 503 is a ruby laser emitting pulse energy outputs up to 100 millijoules at 6943 Å.

1972 Physics Bull. Apr. 205/1 Methane-air can be reliably ignited by a spark discharge of only about one millijoule.

1995 New Scientist 8 July 25/2 ‘Ultrapulsing’ lasers deliver 500 millijoules of energy per pulse.

1965 Science 12 Feb. 736 Consideration of collisional and Doppler broadening and the observed resolution of the 57-mK (millikayser) hyperfine structure of the terrestrial sodium line indicate that the atomic sodium must be at least as high as 25 km.

1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. i. 2 The term values T_i are written as positive numbers in units of cm⁻¹, recently re-named the Kayser (K). The new name is more commonly found when the sub-unit milli-Kayser is used; 1 mK = 10⁻³ cm⁻¹.

1972 Physics Bull. Feb. 85/3 Philips shows very thin metal foils between 2 and 10 μm thick being used to solve heat exchange problems at very low temperatures, a few millikelvin.

1994 New Scientist 23 Apr. 40/2 Theory tells us that, as it is possible to measure temperatures to within 10 millikelvins, temperature measurements need to be repeated around every five years to pick up early warning of real climate change.

1918 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. Milli-lambert.

1920 E. N. Harvey Nature Animal Light iii. 64 The brightness of a surface is measured in lamberts or millilamberts... A millilambert is 1/1000 lambert.

1970 Nature 24 Jan. 347/2 Each pattern subtended 7° at the eye, and was projected..at an average screen illuminance of 3 millilamberts.

1986 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 4022 Particular attention was given to the response of the dark-adapted eye to saturating flashes, that is, those sufficiently bright to evoke a response of maximal amplitude (intensity = 0.5 millilambert-sec).

1904 C. Hering Ready Reference Tables I. 31 1 milli-micron (spectroscopy) or micro-millimeter (microscopy) = 10 Angstroem units.

1966 C. R. Leeson & T. S. Leeson Histol. ii. 22/2 One millimicron is one thousandth of a micron, i.e., 10 Å.

1994 Jrnl. Orofacial Pain 8 315 The measurements were in all planes of space at 10 millimicron increments.

1917 Trans. Illuminating Engin. Soc. 12 440 Using the centimeter as the unit of length, the unit of illumination is one lumen per square centimeter, for which Blondel has proposed the name ‘phot’. One millilumen per square centimeter (milliphot) is more useful as a practical unit.

1953 S. W. Amos & D. Birkinshaw Television Engin. I. 280 The phot is rather a large unit, and its submultiple the milliphot (equal to 10⁻³ phot) is frequently used.

1934 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 56 998/2 We find the freezing point of our maximum density water to be 3·82°, and the viscosity at 20°, 12·6 millipoises.

1985 Science 26 July 341/1 The typical values of m/a = 2 × 10⁻¹⁵ g cm⁻¹ and ω/2π = 10¹³ sec⁻¹ yield η_crit = 7 millipoise (mP).

1954 Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. 27 247/1 The value is 30 millirad per week.

1973 Times 31 July 5/4 He said a total dose of 0·1 of a millirad—one-third of the normal background radioactive level—had been recorded during the 21 hours following the blast.

1989 C. Caufield Multiple Exposures (1990) xiv. 145 Some of the X-ray devices used in the mass screening..were delivering skin doses of between 2,000 and 3,000 millirads.

1946 Radar: Summary Rep. & Harp Project (U.S. National Defense Res. Comm., Div. 14) 142/1 Mil, abbreviation for milliradian, an angle of one-thousandth of a radian; one degree is 17.45 milliradians.

1956 Spaceflight 1 28/1 Despite errors caused by ionospheric refraction of the signal, the use of data from a number of stations will, it is claimed, enable the satellite's position to be established to within a fraction of a milliradian.

1994 Analog Sci. Fiction & Fact Jan. 186/2 The average angular diameter of the Sun in the sky is 9.30 milliradians.

1954 Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. 27 246/1 Basic permissible weekly doses for the critical organs. Whole body exposure…0·3 millirems per week in blood-forming organs, the gonads and the eyes.

1971 Sci. Amer. Aug. 115/2 The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission requires that personnel working with radiation materials receive not more than 100 millirems of radiation per 40-hour week.

1989 Nature 16 Mar. 190/3 The highest possible wholebody dose to any one individual was less than 100 millirem.

1952 Ecology 33 329/2 The actual instrument consisted of a conventional radiation detector..with an extra stage of amplification so that 0.2 milliroentgen per hour produced a full-scale deflection.

1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors i. 3 It is..often necessary to measure dose rate; a convenient practical unit for this quantity is the milliroentgen per hour (mr/h).

1984 G. H. Clarfield & W. M. Wiecek Nucl. Amer. viii. 217 Lapp used the fallout levels of the 1953 Troy-Albany rainout, which Eisenbud estimated at 10 milliroentgens (one-hundredth of a roentgen).

1979 Nature 6 Sept. 6/2 The International Committee on Radiation Protection recommends that no member of the general public should be exposed for many years to an annual dose equivalent of more than 1 millisievert (mSv) of radiation, excluding natural background and medical sources.

1986 Observer 13 July 49/8 He was receiving a radiation dose of 400 millisieverts (mSv) a year.

1996 Sci. Amer. Oct. 8/1 The 800,000 ‘liquidators’ (who buried the most dangerous wastes and constructed the building now surrounding the reactor) received on average 179 millisieverts in 1986 and 15 millisieverts in 1989.

1960 B. B. Dayton in E. Thomas Adv. in Vacuum Sci. & Technol. I. 72/1 It is recommended that the Torr be adopted by all countries and used in place of the millimetre of mercury in referring to the pressure in a vacuum system. The millitorr is defined as 10⁻³ Torr and is suggested for use in place of the micron of mercury.

1968 Carbon 6 221 5Å Linde zeolite sieve has been studied at 273 and 298 °K at pressures from about 15 millitorr to 500 torr.

1996 Sci. Amer. Oct. 91/2 The thermal conductivity of a gas drops sharply from a constant at about one torr to essentially zero at one millitorr.

1923 W. N. Shaw Forecasting Weather (ed. 2) i. 24 Observations for nine stations within greater London, comprising measures of atmospheric pollution at Richmond and South Kensington, total solar radiation at South Kensington in joules, and its average and maximum rate in milliwatts.

1956 Nature 25 Feb. 392/1 This feature of existing methods [for the measurement of power] is particularly evident at low power-levels, of the order of 1 milliwatt, at wave-lengths of 3 cm. and less.

1991 L. Niven et al. Fallen Angels 74 The beam density is only twenty-three milliwatts per square centimetre at the center of the rectenna farm.

1956 Nature 10 Mar. 470/2 The particle current has steadily decreased as the energy has increased—milliamperes for the 1940 cyclotron, micro~amperes for the 1943 synchrocyclotron, millimicroamperes for the present cosmotron and bevatron.

1960 Cambr. Rev. 8 Oct. 21/2 The techniques developed for handling and measuring the amounts of steroids of only a few millimicromoles likely to be present in experimental samples have made steroid chromatography a leading branch of microanalysis.

1951 Wireless Engineer 28 109/2 A triggering pulse of 3 volts is effective if it lasts 20 milli-microseconds.

1964 F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers viii. 127 Switching speeds of a few millimicroseconds appear possible.

1980 S. J. Gould Panda's Thumb (1982) vii. 83 In this millimicrosecond, we have transformed the surface of our planet.