middle earthn.

Brit.

/ˌmɪd(ə)l ˈəːθ/, U.S.

/ˌmɪd(ə)l ˈərθ/

Forms:

α. Middle English medilerthe, Middle English medillerthe, Middle English medylle erthe, Middle English medyll erth, Middle English middelerþe, Middle English middilerþe, Middle English middilerthe, Middle English middilherþe, Middle English middylle erthe, Middle English midelerth, Middle English midelerthe, Middle English midilerth, Middle English midle erth (in a late copy), Middle English myddel eorþe, Middle English myddel erþe, Middle English myddelerthe, Middle English myddell erthe, Middle English myddell herth (in a late copy), Middle English myddilerþe, Middle English myddulerthe, Middle English myddull erþe, Middle English myddyll erthe, Middle English mydelerth, Middle English mydilerþe, Middle English mydillerthe, Middle English mydleherþe, Middle English mydul erth, Middle English mydylerthe, 1500s medell erthe, 1500s myddell erth, 1500s– middle earth; also Scottish pre-1700 midle earth.

β. (In sense 1) Middle English medilȝerde (rare), Middle English medyll ȝard (rare), Middle English middle yorde (in a late copy), Middle English myddell yarde (in a late copy), Middle English mydil ȝerd (rare); Scottish pre-1700 middil eird, pre-1700 middil erd, pre-1700 middil erde, pre-1700 middil ȝerd, pre-1700 middilȝird, pre-1700 middill erde, pre-1700 myddil erd, pre-1700 myddill erd, pre-1700 mydlerd, 1700s midlert, 1700s–1800s middle erd Brit. /ˈmɪd(ə)l ˌəːd/, U.S. /ˈmɪd(ə)l ˌərd/, Scottish English /ˈmɪd(ə)l ˌɛrd/, 1800s middle eard; In modern use frequently with capital initial(s).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: middle adj., earth n.¹

Etymology: < middle adj. + earth n.¹ In sense 1 after middle-erd n. Compare earlier middenerd n., and later mid-earth n.In sea of middle earth after post-classical Latin mare Mediterraneum (see Mediterranean adj. and n.). For the β. forms (chiefly restricted to late Middle English from northern, east midland, and East Anglian counties and to Scots) see discussion s.v. earth n.¹ and note s.v. middle-erd n.; occasional forms like medyll ȝard, middle yorde, myddell yarde, probably show alteration of the second element after yard n.¹

1. The world, the earth, regarded as a middle region between heaven and hell (in quot. 1897 at β. used mistakenly for hell as distinct from the earth), or as occupying the centre of the universe. Sometimes also: the inhabitants or things of the world, esp. as opposed to those of heaven; worldly things as opposed to divine or spiritual things. In later use chiefly archaic or literary. Cf. middenerd n., middle-erd n., mid-earth n. 2.In modern use frequently with reference to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien or to other fantasy literature; cf.:

?1956 J. R. R. Tolkien Lett. (1981) 239 Middle-earth is not an imaginary world. The name is the modern form (appearing in the 13th century and still in use) of midden-erd > middel-erd, an ancient name for the oikoumenē, the abiding place of Men, the objectively real world, in use specifically opposed to imaginary worlds (as Fairyland) or unseen worlds (as Heaven or Hell).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] > as centre of universe

middenerdeOE

middle-erdc1175

middle worldc1175

middle earthc1300

mids-worlda1325

mid-world?1536

centre1579

mid-earth1810

α.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 7205 He þohte to bi-winne..al þe middelerþes [c1275 Calig. middel-eærdes] lond.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 9066 Com a þisse middilherþe [c1275 Calig. middel ærde] hone maidenes sune.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 287 (MED) The moiste dropes of the reyn Descenden into Middilerthe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8003 (MED) Bituix þe midel erth and þe lift.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 50 Fadir, what may þis meruaylle mene? Wher-to made god medilerth and man?

1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.v All mery medell erthe maketh mencyon of me.

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 238 O monster of mankinde fitter for hell, then middle earth.

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor v. v. 79 I smell a man of middle earth.

1691 R. Kirk Secret Commonw. (1933) 69 So they are seen to carrie the..coffin..among the midle-earth men to the grave.

1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain i. ix. 26 That maid is born of middle earth, And may of man be won.

1819 G. Crabbe Tales of Hall I. x. 263 A kind of beings who are never found On middle-earth, but grow on fairy-ground.

1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. xiii. 143 It is difficult to imagine it [sc. Catholicism] a contrivance of mere man. Its mighty machinery was forged and put together, not on middle earth, but either above or below.

1922 E. R. Eddison Worm Ouroboros xiv. 205 At length when winter was gone in middle earth, and the spring far spent, back came that last little martlet.

a1937 J. R. R. Tolkien Ambarkanta in C. Tolkien Hist. Middle-earth: Shaping of Middle-earth (1986) 236 In the North and South..Middle-earth extends nigh to the Walls of the World.

1951 W. H. Auden Nones (1952) 58 What high immortals do in mirth Is life and death on Middle Earth.

1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring Prologue 12 Hobbits had..lived quietly in Middle-earth for many long years.

1992 Dragon Mag. Feb. 6/1 Elements of traditional fantasy role-playing games..which have roots in Tolkien's Middle-earth tales.

β. c1400 in D. Embree & E. Urquhart Simonie (1991) 85 Now is non mysprowd squier in alle þis mydil-ȝerd [c1330 middel erd], Bot he bere a long babel abowt and a longe berd.c1475 (a1325) Ipotis (Brome) 312 in L. T. Smith Common-place Bk. 15th. Cent. (1886) 35 Whan thow comyst yn to ye medyll ȝard [c1390 Vernon middel-ert], A vyrgyn schall be borne be-lyve.a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. viii. 11 Thar saw he als, with huge greyt and murnyng In mydlerd oft menyt, thir Troianys.1588 in Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. ii. 164 How he wes careit away with thame out of middil-eird.1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) i. 74 I hope for all middle-yorde [1591 Huntington myddylarde, 1592 BL Add. myddellyarde, 1604 Bodl. middell land] you will not slaye your childe.1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. Myddil erd, a phrase yet in use in the North of Scotland among old people, by which they understand this earth in which we live, in opposition to the grave: Thus they say, There's no man in middle erd is able to do it.1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 54 This gate she cud na lang in midlert be.1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Oct. 329 Having narrowly escaped thrice being confirmed in her fairy state, she visited her friends on this ‘middle eard’, with whom she dwelt for seven years, disclosing the manners and explaining the customs of the Fairy Land.1897 W. Beatty Secretar xxx She's ower thick wi' the Auld Ane and the folk that dwell in the middle erd.

†2. The middle of the earth's surface; = mid-earth n. 1a. Obsolete. sea of middle earth n. (later middle earth sea) Obsolete the Mediterranean; = mid-earth sea n. at mid-earth n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Mediterranean Sea

the great sea1382

sea of middle eartha1387

South Seaa1398

Mediterrany?a1475

Mediterranean Sea?1556

mid-earth sea1559

Midland Sea1579

Mediterrane1582

Mediterranean1621

middle-land sea1650

Great Lake1857

Mare Nostrum1921

Med?1942

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 53 (MED) Þe grete see of myddel erþe bygynneþ in þe west at Hercules pilers.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxvii. f. xxx In the South see of myddell Erth.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. iii. 34 The floude of Nilus..passeth into the middle earth sea, with seuen armes.

1593 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Middlesex i. 8 The forme of this land is Trianguler, much like Cicilia an Island in the middle-earth sea.

1600 R. Chambers Palestina 12 The breadth betwixt Iordan, and the middle earth sea, is in some places sixteene miles, in other eighteene.

†3. The central regions of the earth; = mid-earth n. 1b. Obsolete. middle earth ocean n. Obsolete an imaginary ocean in the centre of the earth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > geosphere > centrosphere or core

centre1483

middle eartha1592

mid-earth1849

core1882

centrosphere1898

Nife1909

a1592 R. Greene Plays & Poems (1905) xvii. 245 Men that dote on wealth, And rent the bowels of the middle earth: For coine.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vii. ii. 663 So would those good men drowne a great part of the African and American World..by their imagined middle-earth Ocean.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	middle earth
释义	middle earthn. Brit. /ˌmɪd(ə)l ˈəːθ/, U.S. /ˌmɪd(ə)l ˈərθ/ Forms: α. Middle English medilerthe, Middle English medillerthe, Middle English medylle erthe, Middle English medyll erth, Middle English middelerþe, Middle English middilerþe, Middle English middilerthe, Middle English middilherþe, Middle English middylle erthe, Middle English midelerth, Middle English midelerthe, Middle English midilerth, Middle English midle erth (in a late copy), Middle English myddel eorþe, Middle English myddel erþe, Middle English myddelerthe, Middle English myddell erthe, Middle English myddell herth (in a late copy), Middle English myddilerþe, Middle English myddulerthe, Middle English myddull erþe, Middle English myddyll erthe, Middle English mydelerth, Middle English mydilerþe, Middle English mydillerthe, Middle English mydleherþe, Middle English mydul erth, Middle English mydylerthe, 1500s medell erthe, 1500s myddell erth, 1500s– middle earth; also Scottish pre-1700 midle earth. β. (In sense 1) Middle English medilȝerde (rare), Middle English medyll ȝard (rare), Middle English middle yorde (in a late copy), Middle English myddell yarde (in a late copy), Middle English mydil ȝerd (rare); Scottish pre-1700 middil eird, pre-1700 middil erd, pre-1700 middil erde, pre-1700 middil ȝerd, pre-1700 middilȝird, pre-1700 middill erde, pre-1700 myddil erd, pre-1700 myddill erd, pre-1700 mydlerd, 1700s midlert, 1700s–1800s middle erd Brit. /ˈmɪd(ə)l ˌəːd/, U.S. /ˈmɪd(ə)l ˌərd/, Scottish English /ˈmɪd(ə)l ˌɛrd/, 1800s middle eard; In modern use frequently with capital initial(s). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: middle adj., earth n.¹ Etymology: < middle adj. + earth n.¹ In sense 1 after middle-erd n. Compare earlier middenerd n., and later mid-earth n.In sea of middle earth after post-classical Latin mare Mediterraneum (see Mediterranean adj. and n.). For the β. forms (chiefly restricted to late Middle English from northern, east midland, and East Anglian counties and to Scots) see discussion s.v. earth n.¹ and note s.v. middle-erd n.; occasional forms like medyll ȝard, middle yorde, myddell yarde, probably show alteration of the second element after yard n.¹ 1. The world, the earth, regarded as a middle region between heaven and hell (in quot. 1897 at β. used mistakenly for hell as distinct from the earth), or as occupying the centre of the universe. Sometimes also: the inhabitants or things of the world, esp. as opposed to those of heaven; worldly things as opposed to divine or spiritual things. In later use chiefly archaic or literary. Cf. middenerd n., middle-erd n., mid-earth n. 2.In modern use frequently with reference to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien or to other fantasy literature; cf.: ?1956 J. R. R. Tolkien Lett. (1981) 239 Middle-earth is not an imaginary world. The name is the modern form (appearing in the 13th century and still in use) of midden-erd > middel-erd, an ancient name for the oikoumenē, the abiding place of Men, the objectively real world, in use specifically opposed to imaginary worlds (as Fairyland) or unseen worlds (as Heaven or Hell). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] > as centre of universe middenerdeOE middle-erdc1175 middle worldc1175 middle earthc1300 mids-worlda1325 mid-world?1536 centre1579 mid-earth1810 α. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 7205 He þohte to bi-winne..al þe middelerþes [c1275 Calig. middel-eærdes] lond. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 9066 Com a þisse middilherþe [c1275 Calig. middel ærde] hone maidenes sune. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 287 (MED) The moiste dropes of the reyn Descenden into Middilerthe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8003 (MED) Bituix þe midel erth and þe lift. a1450 York Plays (1885) 50 Fadir, what may þis meruaylle mene? Wher-to made god medilerth and man? 1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.v All mery medell erthe maketh mencyon of me. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 238 O monster of mankinde fitter for hell, then middle earth. 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor v. v. 79 I smell a man of middle earth. 1691 R. Kirk Secret Commonw. (1933) 69 So they are seen to carrie the..coffin..among the midle-earth men to the grave. 1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain i. ix. 26 That maid is born of middle earth, And may of man be won. 1819 G. Crabbe Tales of Hall I. x. 263 A kind of beings who are never found On middle-earth, but grow on fairy-ground. 1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. xiii. 143 It is difficult to imagine it [sc. Catholicism] a contrivance of mere man. Its mighty machinery was forged and put together, not on middle earth, but either above or below. 1922 E. R. Eddison Worm Ouroboros xiv. 205 At length when winter was gone in middle earth, and the spring far spent, back came that last little martlet. a1937 J. R. R. Tolkien Ambarkanta in C. Tolkien Hist. Middle-earth: Shaping of Middle-earth (1986) 236 In the North and South..Middle-earth extends nigh to the Walls of the World. 1951 W. H. Auden Nones (1952) 58 What high immortals do in mirth Is life and death on Middle Earth. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring Prologue 12 Hobbits had..lived quietly in Middle-earth for many long years. 1992 Dragon Mag. Feb. 6/1 Elements of traditional fantasy role-playing games..which have roots in Tolkien's Middle-earth tales. β. c1400 in D. Embree & E. Urquhart Simonie (1991) 85 Now is non mysprowd squier in alle þis mydil-ȝerd [c1330 middel erd], Bot he bere a long babel abowt and a longe berd.c1475 (a1325) Ipotis (Brome) 312 in L. T. Smith Common-place Bk. 15th. Cent. (1886) 35 Whan thow comyst yn to ye medyll ȝard [c1390 Vernon middel-ert], A vyrgyn schall be borne be-lyve.a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vi. viii. 11 Thar saw he als, with huge greyt and murnyng In mydlerd oft menyt, thir Troianys.1588 in Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. ii. 164 How he wes careit away with thame out of middil-eird.1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) i. 74 I hope for all middle-yorde [1591 Huntington myddylarde, 1592 BL Add. myddellyarde, 1604 Bodl. middell land] you will not slaye your childe.1710 T. Ruddiman in G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneis (new ed.) Gloss. Myddil erd, a phrase yet in use in the North of Scotland among old people, by which they understand this earth in which we live, in opposition to the grave: Thus they say, There's no man in middle erd is able to do it.1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 54 This gate she cud na lang in midlert be.1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Oct. 329 Having narrowly escaped thrice being confirmed in her fairy state, she visited her friends on this ‘middle eard’, with whom she dwelt for seven years, disclosing the manners and explaining the customs of the Fairy Land.1897 W. Beatty Secretar xxx She's ower thick wi' the Auld Ane and the folk that dwell in the middle erd. †2. The middle of the earth's surface; = mid-earth n. 1a. Obsolete. sea of middle earth n. (later middle earth sea) Obsolete the Mediterranean; = mid-earth sea n. at mid-earth n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > specific seas > [noun] > Mediterranean Sea the great sea1382 sea of middle eartha1387 South Seaa1398 Mediterrany?a1475 Mediterranean Sea?1556 mid-earth sea1559 Midland Sea1579 Mediterrane1582 Mediterranean1621 middle-land sea1650 Great Lake1857 Mare Nostrum1921 Med?1942 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 53 (MED) Þe grete see of myddel erþe bygynneþ in þe west at Hercules pilers. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxvii. f. xxx In the South see of myddell Erth. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. iii. 34 The floude of Nilus..passeth into the middle earth sea, with seuen armes. 1593 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Middlesex i. 8 The forme of this land is Trianguler, much like Cicilia an Island in the middle-earth sea. 1600 R. Chambers Palestina 12 The breadth betwixt Iordan, and the middle earth sea, is in some places sixteene miles, in other eighteene. †3. The central regions of the earth; = mid-earth n. 1b. Obsolete. middle earth ocean n. Obsolete an imaginary ocean in the centre of the earth. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > geosphere > centrosphere or core centre1483 middle eartha1592 mid-earth1849 core1882 centrosphere1898 Nife1909 a1592 R. Greene Plays & Poems (1905) xvii. 245 Men that dote on wealth, And rent the bowels of the middle earth: For coine. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vii. ii. 663 So would those good men drowne a great part of the African and American World..by their imagined middle-earth Ocean. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1300
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