absenteen.adj.

Brit.

/ˌabs(ə)nˈtiː/, U.S.

/ˈˌæbsənˈti/

Forms: 1500s–1600s absenties (plural), 1600s– absentee.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: absent v., -ee suffix¹.

Etymology: < absent v. + -ee suffix¹, originally after Anglo-Norman abscenté, Law French absentee person holding property in Ireland, but resident in England without licence and in breach of legislation requiring their residence in Ireland (perhaps 1392–3 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), use as noun of past participle of abscenter , absenter absent v. Compare Anglo-Norman and Law French absenter , absentier (noun), in same sense (1421 or earlier; probably < absent absent adj. + -er , -ier -er suffix²).The following quot. appears to show an instance of the Law French noun (compare quot. 1537 at sense A. 1):1537 in T. Blount Law Dict. (1670) Absentees or des Absentees, was a Parliament so called, held at Dublin, 10 May, 28H.8.

A. n.

1. A landowner who resides abroad or at a distance from his or her estate; (formerly also) a clergyman who is habitually absent from his parish. Also more generally: a person who is habitually absent from his or her country, home, property, or place of employment.In early quots. specifically designating a person holding property in Ireland but resident in England without licence, in breach of legislation.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [noun] > with temporary accommodation > practice of landlords living away or abroad > landlord who lives away or abroad

absentee1537

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > dweller outside or away from a place

outmana1325

outlier1652

outdweller1682

absentee1898

1537 Act 28 Henry VIII in Statute Rolls Irish Parl. (2002) V. 166 Thact of absentes... Noble men of the realme of England..in their absence and by ther necligences suffred those of the wylde Irishrie..to entre and holde the same [lands] without resistence.

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 208 King Henry the eyght..enriched himselfe by the spoyles of Abbayes, by first fruits, tenths, exactions, and absenties in Ireland.

a1634 E. Coke 4th Pt. Inst. Laws Eng. (1644) lxxvi. 354 The case of the Earl of Shrewsbury upon the statute of 28H.8 of Absentees.

1691 (title) By the Lords-Justices of Ireland, a proclamation..authorizing any one to bring in the harvest on the lands of absentees and to take the half of it for their pains.

1723 J. Swift Some Arguments against Power of Bishops 20 The Farmer would be screwed up to the utmost Peny by the Agents and Stewards of Absentees.

1792 G. Wakefield Mem. 97 Hack preachers, employed in the service of defaulters and absentees.

1866 H. Martineau Introd. Hist. Peace III. iv. ix. 366 In 157 benefices, no service was performed, the incumbent being an absentee.

1898 ‘Old Colonist’ How Constit. Govt. was Won 31 There is no room for the bona fide settler in this gigantic colony of Queensland—no room for any but the foreign syndicator, the absentee, the financial institution.

1939 G. R. Leighton Five Cities ii. 53 Seventy per cent of the whisky distilled in Louisville is controlled by absentees.

1988 J. C. K. Cornwall Wealth & Society in Early 16th Cent. Eng. (BNC) 113 Sixteen head tenants were absentees who let all their land.

2005 Church Times 5 Aug. 13/1 The previous incumbent, Lord Guildford, had been an absentee, whose occasional visits..had never failed to surprise.

2. gen. A person who is absent or away, esp. from a place or occasion where his or her attendance is expected or required. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > absence > [noun] > one who is absent

absenta1500

discontinuer1577

absenter1678

absentee1735

missing person1850

absence1866

1735 J. Swift Humble Addr. to Parl. in Wks. IV. 223 The Occasional Absentees, for Business, Health, or Diversion.

1805 J. Lancaster Improvem. in Educ. (ed. 3) 38 The boy who superintends the enquiries after the absentees, is called the monitor of absentees.

1854 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1848–53 5 160 Sir John Ross, an absentee of four winters.

1872 Daily News Apr. 6 Cabinet Council..was attended by thirteen of the Ministers, the absentees having been Lord Halifax and the Marquis of Hartington.

1900 Daily News 26 May 6/7 When absentees returned to school, the masters were unwilling to ‘demote’ them.

1937 Times 2 Nov. 17/2 Japan will be an absentee at Brussels... So will Germany.

1961 Guardian 28 Dec. 5/1 Apart from films in foreign languages.., there is almost no notable absentee.

2005 Woman & Home July 38/1 There were a few no-shows in the evening but..none of the absentees ever offered an explanation.

3. U.S. A person loyal to the British who fled his or her residence during the American Revolution. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1777 in Acts & Resolves Mass. Bay V. 630 The said agent..shall return an inventory..of such absentee's estate that has come to his hands.

1779 in New Hampsh. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1863) 7 203 The farm..lately owned by John Vance, an absentee.

1859 W. B. Stevens Hist. Georgia II. v. ii. 348 Connecticut also punished absentees and seekers after royal protection.

1930 S. F. Batchelder Bits of Cambr. Hist. 184 The names are all indigenous: no account is taken of Loyalist absentees or their confiscated estates.

1964 William & Mary Q. 21 538 Country towns were reluctant to prosecute absentees.

2003 S. M. Edelson in J. P. Ward Britain & Amer. South 100 Loyalist absentees came to England as especially willing supplicants.

4. Australian. An escaped convict. Cf. escapee n. (a). Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [noun] > one who escapes > from confinement or the law

fugitive1382

prison breaker1704

evader1754

refugee1754

absentee1803

escapee1875

escapado1881

escapist1934

jackrabbit1980

1803 Sydney Gaz. 11 Sept. 4/1 Absconded..a Convict-servant... All Persons are hereby strictly Cautioned against Harbouring and Employing the said Absentee.

1805 Sydney Gaz. 29 Dec. 2/1 Wm. Page, an absentee into the woods.

1827 Colonial Times (Hobart, Tasmania) 29 Sept. John Williams who has been four years an absentee from Sydney, was taken in the streets of Hobart-town.

1852 J. West Hist. Tasmania ii. 130 The bushrangers at first were absentees, who were soon allured or driven to theft and violence.

1914 W. De Morgan When Ghost meets Ghost 889 He had been an absentee at Norfolk Island—a convict.

5. A person authorized to vote in an election (by post, by proxy, etc.) although absent at the time; an absentee voter.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > one who has right to vote > other types

out-voter1837

non-voter1851

absentee1864

absent voter1867

silent voter1872

floating voter1905

1864 W. Warner Soldier's Suffrage 5/1 Commissioners shall be appointed to take the votes of such absentees.

1925 Hansard Commons 5th Ser. 183 1362 The regular soldier will come into the class of general absentee.

1985 Amer. Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 19 769 His [sc. Reagan's] support was 65 percent among absentees.

2006 S. Hill 10 Steps to repair Amer. Democracy iii. 51 If we won 40 percent or less from these early absentees, our hopes probably would be sunk.

B. adj. (attributive).

1. That is an absentee; designating a person who is absent from his or her country, home, property, or place of employment, either habitually or on a particular occasion. Frequently in absentee landlord, absentee voter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > absence > [adjective] > absent or gone away

absentee1772

waygone1831

1772 London Mag. Apr. 199/1 Whether a tax upon all non-resident and absentee clergymen would not be..reasonable and expedient?

1822 J. Wiggins (title) A letter to the absentee landlords of the South of Ireland.

1859 Brit. Colonist (Victoria) 22 Jan. 1/1 It is not generally known that a law exists in this colony by which an absentee voter can vote by proxy.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 454 The Norwegians preferred a foreign and absentee king.

1932 D. B. O'Connor Belle of Barrine 4 The harvests of our heritage are squandered by absentee bosses..in the casinos of Europe.

1957 N.Z. Offic. Year-bk. 1957 29 These latter conditions replace the former classes of absentee, postal, and declaration voters.

1974 Guardian 23 Jan. 12/2 Edward Long, historian, statistician and so-called absentee sinecurist and negrophobe.

1997 Express 19 Feb. 74/1 The Scots who were expelled from their land and livelihood by absentee English landlords.

2. Designating a method of casting a vote (by post, by proxy, etc.) in the absence of the voter. Of a vote: the total number of votes cast in this way; (also) a single vote cast in this way. Chiefly in absentee vote, absentee voting. See also absentee ballot n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [adjective] > type of voting

absentee1858

vote-by-mail1908

solid-shot1935

crossover voting1948

1858 Aberdeen Jrnl. 19 May 8 In this instance at least, Government did not..stand by virtue of a pocketful of absentee votes.

1868 Daily News 1 Apr. 4 Absentee voting by privileged legislators has been condemned by both public and parliamentary opinion.

1884 N.-Y. Times 1 May 1/5 The usual ruling being to allow township delegates to divide up the absentee vote.

1911 Olean (N.Y.) Evening Times 1 Feb. 2/2 By absentee voting, the Democratic Party..captured the New York legislature.

1932 N.Y. Times 10 Oct. 2/5 Uniform laws governing absentee voting in the United States were urged today by John F. Costello.

1992 Economist 9 May 83/1 Two army captains have been charged with ‘illegally controlling’ absentee votes.

2006 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 27 Oct. a3/3 The problem involves only the opti-scan voting machines that are used for early and absentee voting.

3. Designating a parent who is frequently or permanently absent from the home and does not participate significantly in the upbringing of his or her children. Frequently in absentee father, absentee mother.

ΚΠ

1860 C. M. Yonge Hopes & Fears I. i. iv. 107 The boy spoke a very odd mixture of Lieschen's German and of English, pervaded by stable slang, and was altogether a curious study of the effects of absentee parents.

1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 July 1/2 The Prince of Wales made shift to serve as a substitute for his absentee mother.

1910 A. Brown John Winterbourne's Family 303 She had been known as an absentee mother, and yet, behold, the children were manifestly in greater disorder than before her exile.

1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 76/2 The pattern of maternal concentration on the child as a substitute for an absentee father..remains unchanged.

1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. (Review section) 36/5 She recalled her almost operatically miserable childhood—absentee father, uncaring mother, sexual abuse.

Compounds

absentee ballot n. North American a ballot used for absentee voting, typically submitted through the post; a postal vote or ballot; cf. absentee vote at sense B. 2.

ΚΠ

1917 Chicago Tribune 27 Oct. 7/2 [Officials] visited Camp Grant today and completed arrangements for supplying Chicago men who cannot return to vote on Nov. 6 with absentee ballots.

1936 Daily Mirror 4 Nov. 32 The men became ill last week, cast absentee ballots, then died.

1965 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 18 Mar. 25/7 A voter who expects to be away from his home riding at the time of an election should vote in that riding by absentee ballot.

2003 H. S. Thompson Kingdom of Fear ii. 83 Only a last-minute fraud with the absentee ballots..prevented a 29-year-old bike-racing freak from becoming mayor of Aspen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	absentee
释义	absenteen.adj. Brit. /ˌabs(ə)nˈtiː/, U.S. /ˈˌæbsənˈti/ Forms: 1500s–1600s absenties (plural), 1600s– absentee. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: absent v., -ee suffix¹. Etymology: < absent v. + -ee suffix¹, originally after Anglo-Norman abscenté, Law French absentee person holding property in Ireland, but resident in England without licence and in breach of legislation requiring their residence in Ireland (perhaps 1392–3 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), use as noun of past participle of abscenter , absenter absent v. Compare Anglo-Norman and Law French absenter , absentier (noun), in same sense (1421 or earlier; probably < absent absent adj. + -er , -ier -er suffix²).The following quot. appears to show an instance of the Law French noun (compare quot. 1537 at sense A. 1):1537 in T. Blount Law Dict. (1670) Absentees or des Absentees, was a Parliament so called, held at Dublin, 10 May, 28H.8. A. n. 1. A landowner who resides abroad or at a distance from his or her estate; (formerly also) a clergyman who is habitually absent from his parish. Also more generally: a person who is habitually absent from his or her country, home, property, or place of employment.In early quots. specifically designating a person holding property in Ireland but resident in England without licence, in breach of legislation. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > providing with dwelling > [noun] > with temporary accommodation > practice of landlords living away or abroad > landlord who lives away or abroad absentee1537 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > [noun] > dweller outside or away from a place outmana1325 outlier1652 outdweller1682 absentee1898 1537 Act 28 Henry VIII in Statute Rolls Irish Parl. (2002) V. 166 Thact of absentes... Noble men of the realme of England..in their absence and by ther necligences suffred those of the wylde Irishrie..to entre and holde the same [lands] without resistence. 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 208 King Henry the eyght..enriched himselfe by the spoyles of Abbayes, by first fruits, tenths, exactions, and absenties in Ireland. a1634 E. Coke 4th Pt. Inst. Laws Eng. (1644) lxxvi. 354 The case of the Earl of Shrewsbury upon the statute of 28H.8 of Absentees. 1691 (title) By the Lords-Justices of Ireland, a proclamation..authorizing any one to bring in the harvest on the lands of absentees and to take the half of it for their pains. 1723 J. Swift Some Arguments against Power of Bishops 20 The Farmer would be screwed up to the utmost Peny by the Agents and Stewards of Absentees. 1792 G. Wakefield Mem. 97 Hack preachers, employed in the service of defaulters and absentees. 1866 H. Martineau Introd. Hist. Peace III. iv. ix. 366 In 157 benefices, no service was performed, the incumbent being an absentee. 1898 ‘Old Colonist’ How Constit. Govt. was Won 31 There is no room for the bona fide settler in this gigantic colony of Queensland—no room for any but the foreign syndicator, the absentee, the financial institution. 1939 G. R. Leighton Five Cities ii. 53 Seventy per cent of the whisky distilled in Louisville is controlled by absentees. 1988 J. C. K. Cornwall Wealth & Society in Early 16th Cent. Eng. (BNC) 113 Sixteen head tenants were absentees who let all their land. 2005 Church Times 5 Aug. 13/1 The previous incumbent, Lord Guildford, had been an absentee, whose occasional visits..had never failed to surprise. 2. gen. A person who is absent or away, esp. from a place or occasion where his or her attendance is expected or required. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > [noun] > one who is absent absenta1500 discontinuer1577 absenter1678 absentee1735 missing person1850 absence1866 1735 J. Swift Humble Addr. to Parl. in Wks. IV. 223 The Occasional Absentees, for Business, Health, or Diversion. 1805 J. Lancaster Improvem. in Educ. (ed. 3) 38 The boy who superintends the enquiries after the absentees, is called the monitor of absentees. 1854 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1848–53 5 160 Sir John Ross, an absentee of four winters. 1872 Daily News Apr. 6 Cabinet Council..was attended by thirteen of the Ministers, the absentees having been Lord Halifax and the Marquis of Hartington. 1900 Daily News 26 May 6/7 When absentees returned to school, the masters were unwilling to ‘demote’ them. 1937 Times 2 Nov. 17/2 Japan will be an absentee at Brussels... So will Germany. 1961 Guardian 28 Dec. 5/1 Apart from films in foreign languages.., there is almost no notable absentee. 2005 Woman & Home July 38/1 There were a few no-shows in the evening but..none of the absentees ever offered an explanation. 3. U.S. A person loyal to the British who fled his or her residence during the American Revolution. Now historical. ΚΠ 1777 in Acts & Resolves Mass. Bay V. 630 The said agent..shall return an inventory..of such absentee's estate that has come to his hands. 1779 in New Hampsh. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1863) 7 203 The farm..lately owned by John Vance, an absentee. 1859 W. B. Stevens Hist. Georgia II. v. ii. 348 Connecticut also punished absentees and seekers after royal protection. 1930 S. F. Batchelder Bits of Cambr. Hist. 184 The names are all indigenous: no account is taken of Loyalist absentees or their confiscated estates. 1964 William & Mary Q. 21 538 Country towns were reluctant to prosecute absentees. 2003 S. M. Edelson in J. P. Ward Britain & Amer. South 100 Loyalist absentees came to England as especially willing supplicants. 4. Australian. An escaped convict. Cf. escapee n. (a). Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [noun] > one who escapes > from confinement or the law fugitive1382 prison breaker1704 evader1754 refugee1754 absentee1803 escapee1875 escapado1881 escapist1934 jackrabbit1980 1803 Sydney Gaz. 11 Sept. 4/1 Absconded..a Convict-servant... All Persons are hereby strictly Cautioned against Harbouring and Employing the said Absentee. 1805 Sydney Gaz. 29 Dec. 2/1 Wm. Page, an absentee into the woods. 1827 Colonial Times (Hobart, Tasmania) 29 Sept. John Williams who has been four years an absentee from Sydney, was taken in the streets of Hobart-town. 1852 J. West Hist. Tasmania ii. 130 The bushrangers at first were absentees, who were soon allured or driven to theft and violence. 1914 W. De Morgan When Ghost meets Ghost 889 He had been an absentee at Norfolk Island—a convict. 5. A person authorized to vote in an election (by post, by proxy, etc.) although absent at the time; an absentee voter. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > one who has right to vote > other types out-voter1837 non-voter1851 absentee1864 absent voter1867 silent voter1872 floating voter1905 1864 W. Warner Soldier's Suffrage 5/1 Commissioners shall be appointed to take the votes of such absentees. 1925 Hansard Commons 5th Ser. 183 1362 The regular soldier will come into the class of general absentee. 1985 Amer. Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 19 769 His [sc. Reagan's] support was 65 percent among absentees. 2006 S. Hill 10 Steps to repair Amer. Democracy iii. 51 If we won 40 percent or less from these early absentees, our hopes probably would be sunk. B. adj. (attributive). 1. That is an absentee; designating a person who is absent from his or her country, home, property, or place of employment, either habitually or on a particular occasion. Frequently in absentee landlord, absentee voter. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > [adjective] > absent or gone away absentee1772 waygone1831 1772 London Mag. Apr. 199/1 Whether a tax upon all non-resident and absentee clergymen would not be..reasonable and expedient? 1822 J. Wiggins (title) A letter to the absentee landlords of the South of Ireland. 1859 Brit. Colonist (Victoria) 22 Jan. 1/1 It is not generally known that a law exists in this colony by which an absentee voter can vote by proxy. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 454 The Norwegians preferred a foreign and absentee king. 1932 D. B. O'Connor Belle of Barrine 4 The harvests of our heritage are squandered by absentee bosses..in the casinos of Europe. 1957 N.Z. Offic. Year-bk. 1957 29 These latter conditions replace the former classes of absentee, postal, and declaration voters. 1974 Guardian 23 Jan. 12/2 Edward Long, historian, statistician and so-called absentee sinecurist and negrophobe. 1997 Express 19 Feb. 74/1 The Scots who were expelled from their land and livelihood by absentee English landlords. 2. Designating a method of casting a vote (by post, by proxy, etc.) in the absence of the voter. Of a vote: the total number of votes cast in this way; (also) a single vote cast in this way. Chiefly in absentee vote, absentee voting. See also absentee ballot n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [adjective] > type of voting absentee1858 vote-by-mail1908 solid-shot1935 crossover voting1948 1858 Aberdeen Jrnl. 19 May 8 In this instance at least, Government did not..stand by virtue of a pocketful of absentee votes. 1868 Daily News 1 Apr. 4 Absentee voting by privileged legislators has been condemned by both public and parliamentary opinion. 1884 N.-Y. Times 1 May 1/5 The usual ruling being to allow township delegates to divide up the absentee vote. 1911 Olean (N.Y.) Evening Times 1 Feb. 2/2 By absentee voting, the Democratic Party..captured the New York legislature. 1932 N.Y. Times 10 Oct. 2/5 Uniform laws governing absentee voting in the United States were urged today by John F. Costello. 1992 Economist 9 May 83/1 Two army captains have been charged with ‘illegally controlling’ absentee votes. 2006 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 27 Oct. a3/3 The problem involves only the opti-scan voting machines that are used for early and absentee voting. 3. Designating a parent who is frequently or permanently absent from the home and does not participate significantly in the upbringing of his or her children. Frequently in absentee father, absentee mother. ΚΠ 1860 C. M. Yonge Hopes & Fears I. i. iv. 107 The boy spoke a very odd mixture of Lieschen's German and of English, pervaded by stable slang, and was altogether a curious study of the effects of absentee parents. 1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 July 1/2 The Prince of Wales made shift to serve as a substitute for his absentee mother. 1910 A. Brown John Winterbourne's Family 303 She had been known as an absentee mother, and yet, behold, the children were manifestly in greater disorder than before her exile. 1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 76/2 The pattern of maternal concentration on the child as a substitute for an absentee father..remains unchanged. 1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. (Review section) 36/5 She recalled her almost operatically miserable childhood—absentee father, uncaring mother, sexual abuse. Compounds absentee ballot n. North American a ballot used for absentee voting, typically submitted through the post; a postal vote or ballot; cf. absentee vote at sense B. 2. ΚΠ 1917 Chicago Tribune 27 Oct. 7/2 [Officials] visited Camp Grant today and completed arrangements for supplying Chicago men who cannot return to vote on Nov. 6 with absentee ballots. 1936 Daily Mirror 4 Nov. 32 The men became ill last week, cast absentee ballots, then died. 1965 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 18 Mar. 25/7 A voter who expects to be away from his home riding at the time of an election should vote in that riding by absentee ballot. 2003 H. S. Thompson Kingdom of Fear ii. 83 Only a last-minute fraud with the absentee ballots..prevented a 29-year-old bike-racing freak from becoming mayor of Aspen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1537
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