moundn.²

Brit.

/maʊnd/, U.S.

/maʊnd/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s mownde, 1500s– mound, 1600s mond (North American), 1600s mounde, 1800s– maund (English regional (Kent)).

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: mund n.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific use of mund n. (perhaps compare sense 3 and Old English mundbeorgas ‘protecting hills’ in one isolated attestation, translating post-classical Latin montes ‘mountains’ in Paris Psalter cxxiv. 2). Compare later mound v.Sense 2 appears to have been influenced by mount n.¹, the same influence later producing the sense ‘tumulus’ (see sense 3a). It has been suggested that earlier use of sense 1 might be implied by the Cheshire field name Moundesmere (1343), although it is also possible that this shows mound n.¹

a. A hedge, a fence, esp. as forming a boundary to a field or garden. Now rare (English regional, southern and south-west midlands). N.E.D. (1908) notes: ‘Now current only in Oxfordshire and the counties near its border. The early examples of the sb. [i.e. noun] and the related verb are all from writers belonging to these localities.’

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence

hayc725

gartha1340

tiningc1440

mound?a1500

frith1511

dike1567

sepiment1656

?a1500 (?1458) in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. ii. 42 (MED) These [perh. read Thus] weren the dyches i diged in ful harde grounde And i cast up to arere with the wey; Sethen they were i set with a quyk mownde To holde in the bunkes for ever and ay.

1551 R. Crowley Pleasure & Payne sig. Aviii^v Your greedye gutte coulde neuer stynt Tyl all the good and fruitfull grounde Were hedged in whythin your mownde.

1563 Stanford Churchwardens' Accts. in Antiquary (1888) Apr. 169 For mendyng a paue [read pane] of the churche mownde ij^d.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. T This great gardin, compast with a mound.

1640 Wyllys Papers in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. XXI. 7 Sticklinge..doth Covenant..to keepe the sayd house and housinge and moundes belonginge to the sayd homelotte..in good repayre.

1654 in Suffolk Deeds (Suffolk County, Mass.) (1883) II. 38 All Trees Tymber Rayles Pales & mounds to the same belonging.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 47 Nor Cold shall hinder me, with Horns and Hounds, To thrid the Thickets, or to leap the Mounds.

1724 MS Indenture, Estate at Mappleton, co. Derby Together with all mounds, fences, hades, hadlands.

1726 MS Indenture, Estate at Syersham, co. Northampton With all mounds, hedgerows, freeboards, &c.

1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire I. 330 Mounds, field fences of every kind.

1838 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 19 Paid Thomas Taylor & Son 2 days work Repairing Field Gates, Mounds &c.

1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 237 This small green mead walled in by trees and mounds so broad as to resemble elongated copses.

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Mound,..a hedge.

1902 S. S. Buckman in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 [Gloucestershire] Complained that the mounds were bad and other cattle got in.

†b. In extended use: a boundary, a limit (of something); an obstacle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > limit

markOE

measurea1375

bound1393

sizec1420

banka1425

limita1425

limitationa1475

stint1509

within one's tether?1523

confine1548

tropic?1594

scantling1597

gauge1600

mound1605

boundalsa1670

meta1838

parameter1967

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 222 New stars, whose whirling courses..Marke the true mounds of Yeares, & Months, & Dayes.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. ii. ii. 282 Which precept was the mounds of cruelty, God so restraining them from cruelty even to beasts.

a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VII. 226 All those Mounds and Hindrances that God has laid between them, and the Gratification of their Vice.

1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 8 I see the circling Hunt, of noisy Men, Burst Laws Enclosure, leap the Mounds of Right.

c. A bank, embankment, or dam, usually forming a boundary or limit. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > embankment or dam > [noun]

wharf1038

causeyc1330

wall1330

bulwark1555

scut1561

weir1599

mound1613

staithe1613

breastwork1641

embankment1786

bund1813

sheath1850

fleet-dyke1858

sheathing1867

causeway1878

flood-bank1928

stopbank1950

1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. i. 10 As the Queene of Riuers..Some baser groome, for lucres hellish course, Her channell hauing stopt,..doth swell aboue her mounds, And ouerfloweth all the neighb'ring grounds.

1656 in R. Fletcher Poems in Ex Otio Negotium 242 The grandiure of your praise Swels like a torrent on, nor can I raise A Mound against it.

1661 E. Waller Poem on St. James's Park 5 All with a border of rich fruit-trees crown'd, Whose loaded branches hide the lofty mound.

1681 J. Worlidge Dictionarium Rusticum in Systema Agriculturæ (ed. 3) 324 Dool, a green balk or mound between the Ploughed Lands in common Fields.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. ii. 59 Geometry..in all ages has stood an invincible mound and bank against the overflowing tides of scepticism.

1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 193 But if the mound gives way, strait roaring loud In at the breach the rushing torrents croud.

1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1815) VIII. 49 The mounds and dykes of the low fat Bedford level.

1816 M. Holford Margaret of Anjou vi. sig. Q Waters wildly swelling round, Which, unrestrain'd by dyke or mound Leap down at once with hideous crash.

1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. i. 3 The dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates..was the marshes.

1925 W. Cather Professor's House ii. ii. 193 I noticed a number of straight mounds, like plough furrows, running from the river inland.

2. Fortification. A raised bank of earth or stones; = mount n.¹ 3a. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun]

wallc900

banka1387

aggera1398

trench1445

braye1512

mantle-walla1522

werewalla1525

rampire1548

rampart1550

mound1558

mount1558

argin1589

vallie1602

earthwork1633

circumvallation1645

vallation1664

subtrench1669

epaulement1687

enceinte1708

ring1780

vallum1803

main-work1833

1558 J. Highfield in Ld. Hardwicke State Papers (1778) I. 116 The enemy..consumed some of the gunners, which stood very open for lack of mounds and good fortification. [Cf. supra 115 Thereupon there were two mounts repaired for the better defence.]

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 61 As a Mound of Earth within a Citie, serues to make vp the breaches of the wall, so [etc.].

1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Lamentations Ieremiah iii. 5 in Paraphr. Divine Poems God..hath..Against me digg'd a trench, cast up a mound; With travels bitter gall besieg'd me round.

1728 J. Thomson Spring 42 The circly Mound That runs around the Hill; the Rampart once Of Iron War.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Mound, anything raised to fortify or defend; usually a bank of earth and stone.

1808 W. Scott Marmion v. xxxiii. 293 The fourth [side] did battled walls inclose, And double mound and fosse.

1832 H. W. Longfellow Coplas de Manrique xlvii Bastion, and moated wall, and mound.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 480/2 A mile to the north of the city a huge mound with a ditch on each side of it..may be traced for a couple of miles.

a. An artificially constructed elevation or heap of earth, stones, debris, etc.; esp. a pile of earth heaped up on a grave; a tumulus.In quot. 1635 apparently with collective sense: †a tract of land heaped up in mounds (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > mound

loweOE

barrowc1000

motea1522

burial-hillc1600

law1607

mound1635

tumulus1686

tor1794

burial-mound1854

grave-mound1859

grave1863

how1947

1635 G. Wither Coll. Emblemes iii. 160 The Left-hand way, seemes to be walk'd, at ease, Through Lawnes, and Downes, and green-swath'd Passages... The Right-hand-course, is through a Pathlesse-mound Of newly ploughed, and deep-furrow'd Ground.

1665 R. Monsey Scarronides 78 The plough-men first growl'd at the hounds, For tracking down their new made mounds.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 575 High o're the Field, there stood a hilly Mound; Sacred the Place, and spread with Oaks around; Where, in a Marble Tomb, Dercennus lay.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxiv. 102 Now all the sons of warlike Greece surround Thy destin'd tomb, and cast a mighty mound.

1786 T. Jefferson Tour Gardens Eng. (1984) 623 In the centre of the garden a mound with a spiral walk round it.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 8 He..scarce could pass A church-yard's dreary mounds at silent night, But..ghosts 'hind grave-stones stood.

1836 N. Paterson Manse Garden ii. 157 The intervening mounds will serve for earthing up..the leeks.

1861 T. Bateman Ten Years' Diggings 271 Remains of two individuals from the destroyed Mound at Crake Low, Tissington.

1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 18 To the small churchyard and the mound of green She look'd.

1958 Life 14 Apr. 138/2 They had..collected mounds of rocks, empty bottles and half-bricks.

1980 W. Abish How German is It? iii. vii. 77 Huge mounds of excavated earth.

b. In extended use: any heap or pile (of something). Also (without reference to physical size and shape): a large quantity, a good deal of something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile

heapc725

cockeOE

hill1297

tassc1330

glub1382

mow?1424

bulkc1440

pile1440

pie1526

bing1528

borwen1570

ruck1601

rick1608

wreck1612

congest1625

castle1636

coacervation1650

congestion1664

cop1666

cumble1694

bin1695

toss1695

thurrock1708

rucklea1725

burrow1784

mound1788

wad1805

stook1865

boorach1868

barrow1869

sorites1871

tump1892

fid1926

clamp-

1788 T. S. Whalley Mont Blanc xix. 49 Monstrous mounds of ice and snow Cover all his rocks below.

1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth III. xvii. 204 All around her wild, unearthly and terrible,—the floor strewed with fragments of stone, and mounds of sand,—the vast masses of ruined architecture.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby lxiv Breakfast..[was] composed of vast mounds of toast, new-laid eggs, boiled ham, Yorkshire pie, and other cold substantials.

1863 M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Victory I. i. 2 Small mounds or barrows of luggage.

1911 F. M. Farmer Catering for Special Occasions v. 109 Serve piled in fours around a mound of creamed peas.

1943 T. W. Lawson Thirty Seconds over Tokyo viii. 161 It hurt to look at the mounds of fine food, the frilly curtains, the deep rugs and furniture.

1994 Internet World July 4/1 Invariably the writers rehash..the mounds of books and articles to which users should turn in their quest to utilize the Internet.

c. A small naturally occurring elevation resembling a heap or pile of earth; a hillock. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > small mound

balkc885

bankc1175

hill1297

hillock1382

mow?1424

sunka1522

tump1589

anthill1598

pustule1651

mound1791

hag1805

moundlet1808

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hillock

barrowc885

burrowc885

berryc1000

knapc1000

knollc1000

ball1166

howa1340

toft1362

hillocka1382

tertre1480

knowec1505

hilleta1552

hummock1555

mountainettea1586

tump1589

butt1600

mountlet1610

mounture1614

colline1641

tuft1651

knock?17..

tummock1789

mound1791

tomhan1811

koppie1848

tuffet1877

1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 155 We immediately find ourselves..on parallel chains of low swelling mounds.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 17 The shaggy mounds no longer stood, Emerging from entangled wood.

1839 J. Sterling Poems 193 Finer and finer the watery mound Softens and melts to a thin-spun veil.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 161 A mound.., which..received the name of Rougemont, overlooked both the city and the surrounding country.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 190 The volcanic beds which make up the mass of the mound.

1958 R. K. Narayan Guide ii. 24 His cows were munching the grass right below the mound on which the men were working.

1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans vii. 228 This convergence creates a mound of surface water, which is elevated up to more than 1 m.

1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 10 Nov. 50/2 I lift my eyes to the stark terrain beyond the camp and..across the parched plain to the southwest, the pink bluffs, mounds and deep gullies of the badlands.

4. Archaeology.

a. A kind of earthwork constructed by members of a prehistoric North American Indian people, found chiefly in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, the Gulf States, and the Great Lakes region. Cf. mound builder n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > earthwork of North American Indians

mound1775

society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > mound or dome

mind hilla1425

mound1775

Indian mound1791

tope1815

tell1840

stupa1841

ruin-mound1911

ahu1917

ishan1921

pillow mound1928

1775 N. Cresswell Jrnl. 5 May (1925) 71 The Indians' tradition is that there was a great Battle fought here and many great Warriors killed. These mounds were raised to perpetuate their memory.

1847 E. G. Squier & E. H. Davis Anc. Monuments Mississippi Valley (1848) 140 The mounds are for the most part composed of earth, though stone mounds are by no means rare.

1883 L. Carr Mounds Mississippi Valley 3 Not only has there not, as yet, been anything taken from the mounds indicating a higher stage of development than the red Indian..is known to have reached, but [etc.].

1948 Chicago Tribune 4 Apr. vi. 4/4 The most valuable undepleted group of mounds of the kind in existence.

1981 G. Daniel Short Hist. Archaeol. i. 40 General Samuel Parsons sent an account of the mounds at Marietta, Ohio, to Ezra Stiles.

b. An elevation produced upon a land surface by the natural burial of a ruined or abandoned city, or by the accumulation of layers of debris on a long-inhabited site.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hillock > artificial or covering ruins

how1669

tell1840

mound1852

terp1866

1852 H. C. Rawlinson Let. 11 Apr. in Dict. National Biogr. XLVII. 330/2 [Drawn up] in great haste, amid torrents of rain, in a little tent upon the mound of Nineveh.

1862 G. Rawlinson Five Great Monarchies I. i. 247 Mounds, probably Assyrian, are known to exist along the course of the Khabour's great western affluent.

1959 Dict. National Biogr. 1941–50 882/1 His greatest contribution to the material of his science was made by four seasons of excavation, between 1927 and 1932, upon the mound of Nineveh.

1972 R. Lane Fox Alexander The Great II. xiii. 192 Gaza's most formidable defence was its own mound, for like many cities in biblical lands it was perched on a ‘tell’ or heap of its earlier layers of habitation.

c. A refuse heap of prehistoric date; = kitchen midden n. Cf. shell-mound n. at shell n. Compounds 7. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > domestic > heap of, prehistoric or indigenous

kitchen midden1861

shell-mound1863

midden1866

mirrnyong1878

shell-heap1882

mound1908

1908 N.E.D. Mound,..Kitchen-midden.

†5. A pile of fuel constructed for the roasting of metallic ores. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 820 The roasting [of metallic ore] in mounds, as practised near Goslar.

6. The large heap of debris in which megapodes incubate their eggs by the heat of decomposition. Cf. mound builder n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > mound made by

mound1855

1855 W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 219 Each of these mounds is produced by the united efforts of several pairs of birds.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 666/1 The ‘mound-builder’..buries its large eggs..under great mounds of earth and dead leaves.

1991 Sci. Amer. Dec. 68/2 Recent studies of one of the true mound builders..have provided insight into the characteristics of the megapode mound, egg and offspring.

7. Civil Engineering. A piece of ground left unexcavated to show the original ground level. Now rare. Perhaps disused.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1485/1 Mound (Civil Engineering), a lump of original ground left at intervals to show the depth of ground excavated.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 560/1 Mound (Civ. Eng.), an undisturbed hillock left on an excavated site as an indication of the depth of the excavation.

8. Baseball. The slight elevation on which the pitcher stands to pitch. to take (also go to) the mound: to prepare to pitch.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball ground > [noun] > station of pitcher

point1860

pitcher's box1883

rubber1895

mound1903

1903 Washington Post 15 May 9/5 When he stepped off the mound to get purchase he..fell flat on the ground.

1907 N.Y. Evening Jrnl. 4 May 8/3 Christy Mathewson is just as good now as he was..in 1905... Matty hasn't a weakness while on the ‘mound’.

1914 Collier's 7 Feb. 7/2 There's a pitcher who never has to be urged to go to the mound.

1957 O. Nash You can't get there from Here 93 The pitcher too unrenowned, Who is always in the bull pen, But never reaches the mound.

1974 Evening Herald (Rock Hill, S. Carolina) 18 Apr. 6/3 Mussman went the entire nine inning stint on the mound for Rock Hill and was credited with the win.

1988 First Base Autumn 11/1 In game three at the Polo Grounds, New York's Sal Maglie and Brooklyn's Don Newcombe took the mound.

Compounds

C1.

mound-making n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1858 A. M. Redfield Zoöl. Sci. 375 The Mound-making Megapode, Megapodius tumulus..confines itself to thickets near the sea-shore, and is called the Jungle-fowl.

1867 E. Bacon Among Cotton Thieves 276 All the division commanders were striving to outdo one another working their men in all sorts of digging, mining, and mound making, described in the text-books on fortification as proper for besiegers.

1869 A. R. Wallace Malay Archipel. I. i. 21 The mound-making brush-turkeys.

1992 Evening Standard (Nexis) 19 May 44 Marsupial rats, wolves and kangaroos are not found on Lombok, but its cockatoos and mound-making birds are unmistakably Australian.

mound-raising adj.

ΚΠ

1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. V. Pl. 79 Megapodius tumulus, Gould. Mound-raising Megapode.

1851 Harper's Mag. July 202/1 The Tallegalla or mound-raising birds, those wondrous denizens of the Australian wilderness.

1860 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 181 Among the acclimatisable birds which have appeared in our Zoological Gardens, the mound-raising genera are altogether the most singular and interesting.

C2.

mound ant n. any of various ants which build nests in the form of large mounds; (Australian) = meat ant n. at meat n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > member of genus Irydomyrmex

mound ant1879

meat ant1900

mound ant1879

meat ant1900

1879 Amer. Naturalist 13 527 The habits of the mound ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, a common and characteristic ant of the Western plains.

1907 W. W. Froggatt Austral. Insects 95 Most of them [sc. ants of the genus Iridomyrmex] are small, except our ‘Mound Ant’, sometimes known as the ‘Meat Ant’, Iridomyrmex detectus, which is the commonest and most widely distributed ant in Australia.

1935 K. C. McKeown Insect Wonders Austral. 5 The Mound Ants form their great gravel nests in the grassy plains, scouring in search of food.

1992 Insectes Sociaux 39 385 (title) Nest structure and colony cycle of the Allegheny mound ant, Formica exsectoides.

mound bird n. a megapode; cf. mound builder n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder)

megapode1840

mound-building bird1846

mound bird1855

maleo1860

mound-maker1860

mound builder1869

megapod1890

incubator-bird1943

1855 W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 219 The Megapodinæ, or Mound birds.

1896 B. Spencer Thro' Larapinta Land 83 We passed a mound-bird's nest.

1946 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 232 150 One panel..has representations of a lizard or crocodile and three birds, which are probably mound-birds (Megapodius).

1985 C. M. Perrins & A. L. A. Middleton Encycl. Birds 136 (caption) Portrait of a mound bird.

mound burial n. Archaeology the practice of burying the dead beneath a mound or cairn; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > types of burial or entombment > [noun] > burial in specific type of tomb

tumulation1623

urn-burial1658

house burial1863

mound burial1865

tree-burial1901

pipe-burial1929

1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times iv. 86 ‘Mound-burial’ was prevalent in the earliest times of which we have any historical record.

1907 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 37 10 In China, mound-burial was practised at a very remote period.

1998 Mainichi Daily News (Japan) (Nexis) 19 Apr. 12 Research on mound burials predating Kofun Period tumuli.

Mound City n. U.S. (a nickname for) St Louis, Missouri.

ΚΠ

1848 Ladies' Repository 8 71/1 In St. Louis, the ‘Mound City’ of the west, a fashionable refreshment house rises from the summit of one of these lovely elevations.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) 282 Mound-City, the city of St. Louis, so-called from the number of artificial mounds that occupied the site on which the city is built.

1929 Cincinnati Enquirer 1 Oct. 11/1 They dropped their first game in the Mound City.

1998 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch 7 Sept. b1/3 (heading) From Everest to Mound City. Meet Ed Viesturs, the top U.S. high-altitude mountain climber, at the St. Louis Science Center's preview showing..of..‘Everest’.

mound dweller n. Archaeology an inhabitant of a mound dwelling.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > mound-dweller

mound-man1876

mound dweller1899

1899 J. Spence Shetland Folk-lore 55 The mound-dwellers, or Pechts, became associated in the public mind with the brochs.

1972 S. Heaney Wintering Out 16 With pails and barrows Those mound-dwellers Go waist-deep in mist To break the light ice At wells and dunghills.

1989 R. Garfitt Given Ground 54 Embryos In chamber tombs, mound dwellers Under their own midden, they pressed Out of the vortex engraved on their pots.

mound dwelling n. Archaeology a prehistoric dwelling in the form of a mound.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > other types of dwelling > [noun] > prehistoric dwellings

broch1654

crannog1851

pile-building1863

pile-work1863

fascine dwelling1865

lake-habitation1865

palafitte1866

terramare1866

roundhouse1872

mound dwelling1897

wag1911

wheel-dwelling1931

wheelhouse1935

1897 Antiquary May 135 An Aberdeenshire mound-dwelling.

1993 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 9 May l6/1 From museums and cultural centers to battlegrounds, missions, pueblos, mound dwellings and petroglyphs and more.

mound-kiln n. now historical a limekiln in the form of a mound.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 869 In England the stones [for hydraulic mortar] are calcined in shaft-kilns, or sometimes in mound-kilns.

† mound-maker n. Obsolete (a) = mound builder n. 1; (b) = mound builder n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder)

megapode1840

mound-building bird1846

mound bird1855

maleo1860

mound-maker1860

mound builder1869

megapod1890

incubator-bird1943

1860 C. Campbell Hist. Virginia 85 We may..conclude that either they..have greatly degenerated, or that the mound-makers were a distinct and superior race.

1869 A. R. Wallace Malay Archipel. I. x. 243 The strange mound-maker (Megapodius gouldii).

1876 A. R. Wallace Geogr. Distribution Animals xiii. 399 The mound-makers (Megapodiidae) of the Australian region are more nearly allied to the South American curassows.

mound-man n. Archaeology (now rare) = mound dweller n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > mound-dweller

mound-man1876

mound dweller1899

1876 W. D. Gunning Life-hist. our Planet 202 The backhead of the Mound-man is better than that of the Cave-man.

1899 R. Munro Prehist. Scotl. iii. 82 The mound-men had feasted probably during ‘hard times’ on their own species.

1912 M. J. Cawein Poet, Fool & Faeries 244 They bore him into the forest glade Where..the Mound Men piped on their flutes of bone.

mound of Venus n. rare (a) Palmistry = mons veneris n. 1; (b) = mons veneris n. 2.

ΚΠ

1865 R. Beamish Psychonomy of Hand 35 The mound of Venus, devoid of lines, is the index of chastity, coldness, tranquility in love.

1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover xiv. 255 Softly, he laid his hand over her mound of Venus, on the soft brown maiden-hair.

1963 C. R. Mueller tr. G. Büchner Danton's Death i. v, in Compl. Plays & Prose 20 A woman's thighs will be your guillotine, and her mound of Venus your Tarpeian rock.

1997 J. Kazantzis Swimming through Grand Hotel 40 One hand thrown across her breasts, The other thrown across her mound of Venus.

Mound Region n. U.S. an area of Wisconsin in which there are many prehistoric American Indian mounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] > types of terrain

patchwork1865

Mound Region1873

boulder-flat1884

karrenfeld1885

boulder-belt1894

karst land1894

karst1902

felsenmeer1905

stone-field1906

staircasing1911

fundament1928

strewn field1937

thermokarst1943

patterned ground1950

pseudokarst1954

tower karst1954

tektite field1960

stone pavement1969

1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West i. 38 This is the centre of the ‘Mound Region’ of Wisconsin—so called from the many Indian mounds scattered about the valley.

1934 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 64 35 The Toltec type, brachycephalic, on the North-west coast of America, in the mound region, the Gulf States and the Antilles.

mound-work n. †(a) an ornamental bank of stone and earth (obsolete); (b) Archaeology a prehistoric earthwork (cf. sense 4a); (c) Archaeology the study of prehistoric mounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > artificial or ornamental mound or bank

mount1591

mound-work1718

curb1881

1718 J. Addison Remarks Italy (ed. 2) 32 The State of Milan is like a vast Garden, surrounded by a Noble Mound-Work of Rocks and Mountains.

1872 Amer. Naturalist 6 254 The writer advancing the theory that the mound works being similar all over the world, they should be attributed in their origin to one race.

1897 Science New Ser. 5 881/1 I would like to cite two personal experiences which occurred during my mound-work in Florida.

1929 Amer. Archaeol. 31 553 We know sufficient to assign mound works north of the Ohio to pre-Columbian times.

1968 R. Silverberg Mound Builders Anc. Amer. ii. 37 Mount Royal received its first scientific excavation more than a century later. In 1893 there came to it Clarence B. Moore, whose mound work in Florida occupied him for a dozen years and did much to clarify the problems of this phase of Southern prehistory.

2001 R. Hamilton Myst. Serpent Mound 55 The white man destroyed these beautiful mound works in main part because he had no clues as to what their function was.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

moundv.

Brit.

/maʊnd/, U.S.

/maʊnd/

Forms: 1500s mounde, 1500s– mound, 1700s mownd, 1900s– moun (English regional).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mound n.²

Etymology: < mound n.²

a. transitive. To enclose or bound with a fence or hedge; to fence or hedge in. Now also: to shut (an animal) in an enclosure, to pen. Now English regional (southern and south-west midlands).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > with a fence or hedge

haya1050

frith1377

hain14..

hedgea1425

fence1435

tinec1440

bara1500

mound1515

fence1535

teen1616

mile1655

picket1745

ring-fence1761

zariba1885

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > furnish or surround with fence or hedge

haya1050

palea1382

palis?a1400

hain14..

tinec1440

bara1500

mound1515

impale1530

stowerc1555

palisado1607

teen1616

palisade1632

impile1633

cancel1650

wire1691

inrail1714

ring-fence1761

whin-kid1876

1515 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 12 Ye same ground [they] have mounded and inclosed.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Aruum Ab aruis arua reuellere, to mounde one from an other.

1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 249 The Lorde hath chosen this lande, as his..vineyard, he hath mounded it with his gratious fauour and diuine protection.

1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Plaine Expos. Prov. xi–xii. 57 Their pastures are mounded, banked, and trenched.

1704 Hilmarton Parish Terrier in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 The Churchyard..to be mounded partly by the manor, partly by the parish and parsonage.

1759 in Q. Jrnl. Econ. (1907) Nov. 79 It is order'd by the Jury that the gaps in Ayls hedge be mounded by the Owners on or before Lady day next.

1789 Coniston Incl. Act 9 The allotments..shall be respectively mounded round.

1848 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 45 2 weeks mounding Lanes.

a1903 A. L. Mayhew in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 [Oxfordshire] I was here before the land was mounded in.

1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. i. 324 Q[uestion]. If you want to confine your sheep to only part of a field, how do you do it?.. [Berkshire] Mound em, moun em off.

†b. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To enclose or surround as with a hedge or fence. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vii. 249 Honor is like Cinamon Which Nature mounds with many a million Of thornie prickes.

1652 W. Hartley Infant-baptism Ded. 1 Your discourse was so well mounded with exceptions, as not a sheep-gap open for argument to try your doctrine.

c. intransitive. To make or repair a fence or hedge. Now English regional (south-west midlands) (rare).

ΚΠ

1731 J. Tull New Horse-houghing Husbandry 94 To mound over the Hill would require double the Rails, or double the Hedge-wood..as to mound the Base.

1829 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 6 Jno Steel stanking the water and mounding in meadow, 0 1 6.

1846 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 41 Opening Water Courses, mounding across Harris's and Feather bed Lane, [etc.].

1898 G. Miller Gloss. Warwicks. Dial. (at cited word) I be a guining a mounding to-morrow; them beasts of ourn have busted all them old posteses and rails.

a1903 E. Smith MS Coll. Warwicks. Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 Mound [to put up, or repair a post and rail fence].

2. transitive. To enclose, bound, or fortify with a bank, embankment, etc. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > protect or surround with rampart [verb (transitive)]

rampire1550

berampier1582

rampart1585

mound1600

circumvall1623

circumvallate1823

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > with a mound or mounds

rampire1566

mound1600

immound1605

1600 P. Holland tr. J. B. Marlianus Svmmary Topogr. Rome i. v, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1350 Whereas before it was mounded about with rubbish,..Tarquin..was the first that enclosed it with a wall.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion vii. 103 For, from the rising banks that stronglie mound them in, The Valley (as betwixt) her name did first begin.

1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 12 A spacious City stood, with firmest Walls Sure mounded.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. To Mound,..to fortify with a mound.

1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Death Wallenstein ii. viii. 54 At once Revolt is mounded, and the high-swoln current Shrinks back into the old bed of obedience.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 41 Columbus traced, with swift exploring eye,..The realms that mound the unmeasured magazine.

1830 Ld. Tennyson Ode to Memory v, in Poems 63 A sandbuilt ridge Of heapéd hills that mound the sea.

3. transitive (frequently in passive). To heap up or pile up in or as in a mound or hillock. Also: to cover (a thing) with objects which have been heaped up. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > make high(er) [verb (transitive)] > raise in a mound

hillock1791

mound1859

1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel I. v. 73 Banks of moveless cloud hung about the horizon, mounded to the West, where slept the wind.

1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. i. 22 Snow lies mounded on the roads and fields.

1905 L. Binyon in Academy 7 Oct. 1029/2 As we rounded Old hills greenly mounded.

1938 Amer. Home Jan. 38/2 Proper drainage is the secret of successful cactus culture and as a further precaution it is well to mound the soil slightly when planting cacti.

1957 D. Knight Turning On (1967) 31 Tourist goods, scarves and tapestries..were mounded over the piled suitcases.

1983 S. Koea in L. Wevers N.Z. Short Stories (1984) 4th Ser. 164 Her favourite garden, the one with the ornamental cast-iron wheelbarrow mounded with begonias.

1991 N. Baker U & I vi. 84 I was beginning to comprehend..that not everything I had mounded up to say under a given head needed to be said in one spot.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mound
释义	moundn.¹ Brit. /maʊnd/, U.S. /maʊnd/ Forms: Middle English mundye, Middle English–1500s mounde, Middle English– mound, 1500s mownde, 1500s–1700s mond, 1600s 1800s mund, 1600s–1700s monde; Scottish pre-1700 monde, pre-1700 mound, pre-1700 munde. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French mound, mund; Latin mundus. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mound, mounde, monde, mond, mund and Old French mund, munde, mond, monde the world, the earth (early 11th cent.; French monde ) and its etymon classical Latin mundus the world, the earth (see mundane adj. and n.). Compare Spanish mundo (mid 12th cent.), Portuguese mundo (13th cent.), Italian mondo (1292). Compare mappemonde n.With sense 2 compare French monde (1672 or earlier in this sense), Italian mondo (16th cent. in this sense). †1. The world; the earth, esp. considered as the abode of humankind. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > [noun] all the worldeOE mouldOE worldOE earthOE earthricheOE foldOE worldricheOE motherOE wonec1275 mound?a1300 wildernessa1340 mappemondea1393 lower worlda1398 the whole worlda1513 orba1550 the (also this) globe1553 the earthly globe1553 mother earth1568 the glimpses of the moon1603 universe1630 outer world1661 terrene1667 Orphic egg1684 Midgard1770 all outdoors1833 Planet Earth1858 overworld1911 Spaceship Earth1966 society > authority > power > [noun] i-waldeOE armOE craftOE mightOE poustiea1275 mound?a1300 powerc1300 force1303 mighta1325 wielda1325 mightiheada1382 mightinessc1390 mightheada1400 mightinga1400 puissance1420 mightfulnessa1425 vallente1475 potence1483 state1488 potencya1500 potestation?c1500 potent1512 puissantness1552 sinew1560 puissancy1562 potentness1581 powerableness1591 powerfulnessc1595 potestatea1600 pollency1623 potentiality1627 potentialness1668 poust1827 mana1843 magnum force1977 ?a1300 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 779 Þe wonde Þat god for al þe mounde On rode heuede I-sprad. c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 1794 Hold þe to þine hosebounde,..þou schalt haue al þe mounde. a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) 942 For synneles y bare þe yn to þys mounde. a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 11974 (MED) Hit were but tynt..To write þe names of so fele hounde Þat were vncristned in þys mounde. c1500 Stations of Jerusalem 134 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 357/2 (MED) Þus we passyd bye To þe mydys of þe mundye..The mydys of þe werld ronde aboute. c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 201 Meschant mouths of this malitius mound. 1609 A. Gardyne Garden Grave & Godlie Flowres sig. E4^v Our life we leaue, theirs no remeid, but from this monde remoue. 2. A globe or orb, chiefly of gold or other precious material, intended to represent the earth, and usually forming part of royal or similar regalia (frequently surmounting a crown and supporting a cross). Also in Heraldry: a representation of this, often taken as including the cross which surmounts the orb. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > orb spherea1387 pomec1440 ballc1475 mound1488 globe1582 orb1602 tut1674 society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of heavenly bodies or phenomena > [noun] > the earth mound1488 1488 in J. C. Cox Notes on Churches of Derbyshire (1879) IV. 104 One herte of silver, a mound of silver, one broche of copur and gylte. 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 63 He beareth Azure, a Mounde Argent, enuironed and a crosse botone Or. 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie i. 144 Other insignes..as, a Mond, or ball of gold, with the crosse vpon it. 1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love v. ii. sig. K3^v She wilde them to present this Christall Mound, a note of Monarchy, and Symbole of Perfection, to thy more worthy Deity. View more context for this quotation 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 310 On the top stands a golden Mund [Fr. une pomme dorée], and on that a Cressant. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 361 They set the Image of Pachacamac with a Monde [Fr. tout le monde] under his Feet. 1754 A. Drummond Travels i. 8 Jesus Christ is represented..with..a gold crown much larger than the head, and a monde in his hand. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 462/2 From the middle of this cap rises an arched fillet..surmounted of a mound, whereon is a cross. 1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers I. iii. 258 Another angel, nimbed, supporting in his muffled hand a mund or ball. 1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) xiv. 163 The Ball on the top [of the crown] which supports the Cross is termed a Mound. 1872 O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms (at cited word) The mound or orb signifies the dominion, and the cross the faith of the king. 1969 J. Franklyn & J. Tanner Encycl. Dict. Heraldry 235/1 Mound, lit. the earth; hence, the regal orb; hence a representation of this: always equatorially banded with a rising demi-meridian ensigned with a cross paty. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). moundn.² Brit. /maʊnd/, U.S. /maʊnd/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s mownde, 1500s– mound, 1600s mond (North American), 1600s mounde, 1800s– maund (English regional (Kent)). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: mund n. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific use of mund n. (perhaps compare sense 3 and Old English mundbeorgas ‘protecting hills’ in one isolated attestation, translating post-classical Latin montes ‘mountains’ in Paris Psalter cxxiv. 2). Compare later mound v.Sense 2 appears to have been influenced by mount n.¹, the same influence later producing the sense ‘tumulus’ (see sense 3a). It has been suggested that earlier use of sense 1 might be implied by the Cheshire field name Moundesmere (1343), although it is also possible that this shows mound n.¹ 1. a. A hedge, a fence, esp. as forming a boundary to a field or garden. Now rare (English regional, southern and south-west midlands). N.E.D. (1908) notes: ‘Now current only in Oxfordshire and the counties near its border. The early examples of the sb. [i.e. noun] and the related verb are all from writers belonging to these localities.’ ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hedge or fence hayc725 gartha1340 tiningc1440 mound?a1500 frith1511 dike1567 sepiment1656 ?a1500 (?1458) in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. ii. 42 (MED) These [perh. read Thus] weren the dyches i diged in ful harde grounde And i cast up to arere with the wey; Sethen they were i set with a quyk mownde To holde in the bunkes for ever and ay. 1551 R. Crowley Pleasure & Payne sig. Aviii^v Your greedye gutte coulde neuer stynt Tyl all the good and fruitfull grounde Were hedged in whythin your mownde. 1563 Stanford Churchwardens' Accts. in Antiquary (1888) Apr. 169 For mendyng a paue [read pane] of the churche mownde ij^d. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. T This great gardin, compast with a mound. 1640 Wyllys Papers in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. XXI. 7 Sticklinge..doth Covenant..to keepe the sayd house and housinge and moundes belonginge to the sayd homelotte..in good repayre. 1654 in Suffolk Deeds (Suffolk County, Mass.) (1883) II. 38 All Trees Tymber Rayles Pales & mounds to the same belonging. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 47 Nor Cold shall hinder me, with Horns and Hounds, To thrid the Thickets, or to leap the Mounds. 1724 MS Indenture, Estate at Mappleton, co. Derby Together with all mounds, fences, hades, hadlands. 1726 MS Indenture, Estate at Syersham, co. Northampton With all mounds, hedgerows, freeboards, &c. 1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire I. 330 Mounds, field fences of every kind. 1838 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 19 Paid Thomas Taylor & Son 2 days work Repairing Field Gates, Mounds &c. 1879 R. Jefferies Wild Life 237 This small green mead walled in by trees and mounds so broad as to resemble elongated copses. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Mound,..a hedge. 1902 S. S. Buckman in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 [Gloucestershire] Complained that the mounds were bad and other cattle got in. †b. In extended use: a boundary, a limit (of something); an obstacle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > limit markOE measurea1375 bound1393 sizec1420 banka1425 limita1425 limitationa1475 stint1509 within one's tether?1523 confine1548 tropic?1594 scantling1597 gauge1600 mound1605 boundalsa1670 meta1838 parameter1967 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 222 New stars, whose whirling courses..Marke the true mounds of Yeares, & Months, & Dayes. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. ii. ii. 282 Which precept was the mounds of cruelty, God so restraining them from cruelty even to beasts. a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) VII. 226 All those Mounds and Hindrances that God has laid between them, and the Gratification of their Vice. 1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 8 I see the circling Hunt, of noisy Men, Burst Laws Enclosure, leap the Mounds of Right. c. A bank, embankment, or dam, usually forming a boundary or limit. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > embankment or dam > [noun] wharf1038 causeyc1330 wall1330 bulwark1555 scut1561 weir1599 mound1613 staithe1613 breastwork1641 embankment1786 bund1813 sheath1850 fleet-dyke1858 sheathing1867 causeway1878 flood-bank1928 stopbank1950 1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. i. 10 As the Queene of Riuers..Some baser groome, for lucres hellish course, Her channell hauing stopt,..doth swell aboue her mounds, And ouerfloweth all the neighb'ring grounds. 1656 in R. Fletcher Poems in Ex Otio Negotium 242 The grandiure of your praise Swels like a torrent on, nor can I raise A Mound against it. 1661 E. Waller Poem on St. James's Park 5 All with a border of rich fruit-trees crown'd, Whose loaded branches hide the lofty mound. 1681 J. Worlidge Dictionarium Rusticum in Systema Agriculturæ (ed. 3) 324 Dool, a green balk or mound between the Ploughed Lands in common Fields. 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. ii. 59 Geometry..in all ages has stood an invincible mound and bank against the overflowing tides of scepticism. 1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 193 But if the mound gives way, strait roaring loud In at the breach the rushing torrents croud. 1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1815) VIII. 49 The mounds and dykes of the low fat Bedford level. 1816 M. Holford Margaret of Anjou vi. sig. Q Waters wildly swelling round, Which, unrestrain'd by dyke or mound Leap down at once with hideous crash. 1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. i. 3 The dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard, intersected with dykes and mounds and gates..was the marshes. 1925 W. Cather Professor's House ii. ii. 193 I noticed a number of straight mounds, like plough furrows, running from the river inland. 2. Fortification. A raised bank of earth or stones; = mount n.¹ 3a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] wallc900 banka1387 aggera1398 trench1445 braye1512 mantle-walla1522 werewalla1525 rampire1548 rampart1550 mound1558 mount1558 argin1589 vallie1602 earthwork1633 circumvallation1645 vallation1664 subtrench1669 epaulement1687 enceinte1708 ring1780 vallum1803 main-work1833 1558 J. Highfield in Ld. Hardwicke State Papers (1778) I. 116 The enemy..consumed some of the gunners, which stood very open for lack of mounds and good fortification. [Cf. supra 115 Thereupon there were two mounts repaired for the better defence.] 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 61 As a Mound of Earth within a Citie, serues to make vp the breaches of the wall, so [etc.]. 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Lamentations Ieremiah iii. 5 in Paraphr. Divine Poems God..hath..Against me digg'd a trench, cast up a mound; With travels bitter gall besieg'd me round. 1728 J. Thomson Spring 42 The circly Mound That runs around the Hill; the Rampart once Of Iron War. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Mound, anything raised to fortify or defend; usually a bank of earth and stone. 1808 W. Scott Marmion v. xxxiii. 293 The fourth [side] did battled walls inclose, And double mound and fosse. 1832 H. W. Longfellow Coplas de Manrique xlvii Bastion, and moated wall, and mound. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 480/2 A mile to the north of the city a huge mound with a ditch on each side of it..may be traced for a couple of miles. 3. a. An artificially constructed elevation or heap of earth, stones, debris, etc.; esp. a pile of earth heaped up on a grave; a tumulus.In quot. 1635 apparently with collective sense: †a tract of land heaped up in mounds (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > mound loweOE barrowc1000 motea1522 burial-hillc1600 law1607 mound1635 tumulus1686 tor1794 burial-mound1854 grave-mound1859 grave1863 how1947 1635 G. Wither Coll. Emblemes iii. 160 The Left-hand way, seemes to be walk'd, at ease, Through Lawnes, and Downes, and green-swath'd Passages... The Right-hand-course, is through a Pathlesse-mound Of newly ploughed, and deep-furrow'd Ground. 1665 R. Monsey Scarronides 78 The plough-men first growl'd at the hounds, For tracking down their new made mounds. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 575 High o're the Field, there stood a hilly Mound; Sacred the Place, and spread with Oaks around; Where, in a Marble Tomb, Dercennus lay. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxiv. 102 Now all the sons of warlike Greece surround Thy destin'd tomb, and cast a mighty mound. 1786 T. Jefferson Tour Gardens Eng. (1984) 623 In the centre of the garden a mound with a spiral walk round it. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 8 He..scarce could pass A church-yard's dreary mounds at silent night, But..ghosts 'hind grave-stones stood. 1836 N. Paterson Manse Garden ii. 157 The intervening mounds will serve for earthing up..the leeks. 1861 T. Bateman Ten Years' Diggings 271 Remains of two individuals from the destroyed Mound at Crake Low, Tissington. 1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 18 To the small churchyard and the mound of green She look'd. 1958 Life 14 Apr. 138/2 They had..collected mounds of rocks, empty bottles and half-bricks. 1980 W. Abish How German is It? iii. vii. 77 Huge mounds of excavated earth. b. In extended use: any heap or pile (of something). Also (without reference to physical size and shape): a large quantity, a good deal of something. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile heapc725 cockeOE hill1297 tassc1330 glub1382 mow?1424 bulkc1440 pile1440 pie1526 bing1528 borwen1570 ruck1601 rick1608 wreck1612 congest1625 castle1636 coacervation1650 congestion1664 cop1666 cumble1694 bin1695 toss1695 thurrock1708 rucklea1725 burrow1784 mound1788 wad1805 stook1865 boorach1868 barrow1869 sorites1871 tump1892 fid1926 clamp- 1788 T. S. Whalley Mont Blanc xix. 49 Monstrous mounds of ice and snow Cover all his rocks below. 1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth III. xvii. 204 All around her wild, unearthly and terrible,—the floor strewed with fragments of stone, and mounds of sand,—the vast masses of ruined architecture. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby lxiv Breakfast..[was] composed of vast mounds of toast, new-laid eggs, boiled ham, Yorkshire pie, and other cold substantials. 1863 M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Victory I. i. 2 Small mounds or barrows of luggage. 1911 F. M. Farmer Catering for Special Occasions v. 109 Serve piled in fours around a mound of creamed peas. 1943 T. W. Lawson Thirty Seconds over Tokyo viii. 161 It hurt to look at the mounds of fine food, the frilly curtains, the deep rugs and furniture. 1994 Internet World July 4/1 Invariably the writers rehash..the mounds of books and articles to which users should turn in their quest to utilize the Internet. c. A small naturally occurring elevation resembling a heap or pile of earth; a hillock. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > small mound balkc885 bankc1175 hill1297 hillock1382 mow?1424 sunka1522 tump1589 anthill1598 pustule1651 mound1791 hag1805 moundlet1808 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hillock barrowc885 burrowc885 berryc1000 knapc1000 knollc1000 ball1166 howa1340 toft1362 hillocka1382 tertre1480 knowec1505 hilleta1552 hummock1555 mountainettea1586 tump1589 butt1600 mountlet1610 mounture1614 colline1641 tuft1651 knock?17.. tummock1789 mound1791 tomhan1811 koppie1848 tuffet1877 1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 155 We immediately find ourselves..on parallel chains of low swelling mounds. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 17 The shaggy mounds no longer stood, Emerging from entangled wood. 1839 J. Sterling Poems 193 Finer and finer the watery mound Softens and melts to a thin-spun veil. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 161 A mound.., which..received the name of Rougemont, overlooked both the city and the surrounding country. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 190 The volcanic beds which make up the mass of the mound. 1958 R. K. Narayan Guide ii. 24 His cows were munching the grass right below the mound on which the men were working. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans vii. 228 This convergence creates a mound of surface water, which is elevated up to more than 1 m. 1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 10 Nov. 50/2 I lift my eyes to the stark terrain beyond the camp and..across the parched plain to the southwest, the pink bluffs, mounds and deep gullies of the badlands. 4. Archaeology. a. A kind of earthwork constructed by members of a prehistoric North American Indian people, found chiefly in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, the Gulf States, and the Great Lakes region. Cf. mound builder n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > earthwork of North American Indians mound1775 society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > mound or dome mind hilla1425 mound1775 Indian mound1791 tope1815 tell1840 stupa1841 ruin-mound1911 ahu1917 ishan1921 pillow mound1928 1775 N. Cresswell Jrnl. 5 May (1925) 71 The Indians' tradition is that there was a great Battle fought here and many great Warriors killed. These mounds were raised to perpetuate their memory. 1847 E. G. Squier & E. H. Davis Anc. Monuments Mississippi Valley (1848) 140 The mounds are for the most part composed of earth, though stone mounds are by no means rare. 1883 L. Carr Mounds Mississippi Valley 3 Not only has there not, as yet, been anything taken from the mounds indicating a higher stage of development than the red Indian..is known to have reached, but [etc.]. 1948 Chicago Tribune 4 Apr. vi. 4/4 The most valuable undepleted group of mounds of the kind in existence. 1981 G. Daniel Short Hist. Archaeol. i. 40 General Samuel Parsons sent an account of the mounds at Marietta, Ohio, to Ezra Stiles. b. An elevation produced upon a land surface by the natural burial of a ruined or abandoned city, or by the accumulation of layers of debris on a long-inhabited site. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > hillock > artificial or covering ruins how1669 tell1840 mound1852 terp1866 1852 H. C. Rawlinson Let. 11 Apr. in Dict. National Biogr. XLVII. 330/2 [Drawn up] in great haste, amid torrents of rain, in a little tent upon the mound of Nineveh. 1862 G. Rawlinson Five Great Monarchies I. i. 247 Mounds, probably Assyrian, are known to exist along the course of the Khabour's great western affluent. 1959 Dict. National Biogr. 1941–50 882/1 His greatest contribution to the material of his science was made by four seasons of excavation, between 1927 and 1932, upon the mound of Nineveh. 1972 R. Lane Fox Alexander The Great II. xiii. 192 Gaza's most formidable defence was its own mound, for like many cities in biblical lands it was perched on a ‘tell’ or heap of its earlier layers of habitation. c. A refuse heap of prehistoric date; = kitchen midden n. Cf. shell-mound n. at shell n. Compounds 7. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > domestic > heap of, prehistoric or indigenous kitchen midden1861 shell-mound1863 midden1866 mirrnyong1878 shell-heap1882 mound1908 1908 N.E.D. Mound,..Kitchen-midden. †5. A pile of fuel constructed for the roasting of metallic ores. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 820 The roasting [of metallic ore] in mounds, as practised near Goslar. 6. The large heap of debris in which megapodes incubate their eggs by the heat of decomposition. Cf. mound builder n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) > mound made by mound1855 1855 W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 219 Each of these mounds is produced by the united efforts of several pairs of birds. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 666/1 The ‘mound-builder’..buries its large eggs..under great mounds of earth and dead leaves. 1991 Sci. Amer. Dec. 68/2 Recent studies of one of the true mound builders..have provided insight into the characteristics of the megapode mound, egg and offspring. 7. Civil Engineering. A piece of ground left unexcavated to show the original ground level. Now rare. Perhaps disused. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1485/1 Mound (Civil Engineering), a lump of original ground left at intervals to show the depth of ground excavated. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 560/1 Mound (Civ. Eng.), an undisturbed hillock left on an excavated site as an indication of the depth of the excavation. 8. Baseball. The slight elevation on which the pitcher stands to pitch. to take (also go to) the mound: to prepare to pitch. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball ground > [noun] > station of pitcher point1860 pitcher's box1883 rubber1895 mound1903 1903 Washington Post 15 May 9/5 When he stepped off the mound to get purchase he..fell flat on the ground. 1907 N.Y. Evening Jrnl. 4 May 8/3 Christy Mathewson is just as good now as he was..in 1905... Matty hasn't a weakness while on the ‘mound’. 1914 Collier's 7 Feb. 7/2 There's a pitcher who never has to be urged to go to the mound. 1957 O. Nash You can't get there from Here 93 The pitcher too unrenowned, Who is always in the bull pen, But never reaches the mound. 1974 Evening Herald (Rock Hill, S. Carolina) 18 Apr. 6/3 Mussman went the entire nine inning stint on the mound for Rock Hill and was credited with the win. 1988 First Base Autumn 11/1 In game three at the Polo Grounds, New York's Sal Maglie and Brooklyn's Don Newcombe took the mound. Compounds C1. mound-making n. and adj. ΚΠ 1858 A. M. Redfield Zoöl. Sci. 375 The Mound-making Megapode, Megapodius tumulus..confines itself to thickets near the sea-shore, and is called the Jungle-fowl. 1867 E. Bacon Among Cotton Thieves 276 All the division commanders were striving to outdo one another working their men in all sorts of digging, mining, and mound making, described in the text-books on fortification as proper for besiegers. 1869 A. R. Wallace Malay Archipel. I. i. 21 The mound-making brush-turkeys. 1992 Evening Standard (Nexis) 19 May 44 Marsupial rats, wolves and kangaroos are not found on Lombok, but its cockatoos and mound-making birds are unmistakably Australian. mound-raising adj. ΚΠ 1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. V. Pl. 79 Megapodius tumulus, Gould. Mound-raising Megapode. 1851 Harper's Mag. July 202/1 The Tallegalla or mound-raising birds, those wondrous denizens of the Australian wilderness. 1860 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 181 Among the acclimatisable birds which have appeared in our Zoological Gardens, the mound-raising genera are altogether the most singular and interesting. C2. mound ant n. any of various ants which build nests in the form of large mounds; (Australian) = meat ant n. at meat n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > member of genus Irydomyrmex mound ant1879 meat ant1900 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > member of genus Irydomyrmex > iridomyrmex detectus (meat ant) mound ant1879 meat ant1900 1879 Amer. Naturalist 13 527 The habits of the mound ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, a common and characteristic ant of the Western plains. 1907 W. W. Froggatt Austral. Insects 95 Most of them [sc. ants of the genus Iridomyrmex] are small, except our ‘Mound Ant’, sometimes known as the ‘Meat Ant’, Iridomyrmex detectus, which is the commonest and most widely distributed ant in Australia. 1935 K. C. McKeown Insect Wonders Austral. 5 The Mound Ants form their great gravel nests in the grassy plains, scouring in search of food. 1992 Insectes Sociaux 39 385 (title) Nest structure and colony cycle of the Allegheny mound ant, Formica exsectoides. mound bird n. a megapode; cf. mound builder n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) megapode1840 mound-building bird1846 mound bird1855 maleo1860 mound-maker1860 mound builder1869 megapod1890 incubator-bird1943 1855 W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. II. 219 The Megapodinæ, or Mound birds. 1896 B. Spencer Thro' Larapinta Land 83 We passed a mound-bird's nest. 1946 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 232 150 One panel..has representations of a lizard or crocodile and three birds, which are probably mound-birds (Megapodius). 1985 C. M. Perrins & A. L. A. Middleton Encycl. Birds 136 (caption) Portrait of a mound bird. mound burial n. Archaeology the practice of burying the dead beneath a mound or cairn; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > types of burial or entombment > [noun] > burial in specific type of tomb tumulation1623 urn-burial1658 house burial1863 mound burial1865 tree-burial1901 pipe-burial1929 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times iv. 86 ‘Mound-burial’ was prevalent in the earliest times of which we have any historical record. 1907 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 37 10 In China, mound-burial was practised at a very remote period. 1998 Mainichi Daily News (Japan) (Nexis) 19 Apr. 12 Research on mound burials predating Kofun Period tumuli. Mound City n. U.S. (a nickname for) St Louis, Missouri. ΚΠ 1848 Ladies' Repository 8 71/1 In St. Louis, the ‘Mound City’ of the west, a fashionable refreshment house rises from the summit of one of these lovely elevations. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) 282 Mound-City, the city of St. Louis, so-called from the number of artificial mounds that occupied the site on which the city is built. 1929 Cincinnati Enquirer 1 Oct. 11/1 They dropped their first game in the Mound City. 1998 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch 7 Sept. b1/3 (heading) From Everest to Mound City. Meet Ed Viesturs, the top U.S. high-altitude mountain climber, at the St. Louis Science Center's preview showing..of..‘Everest’. mound dweller n. Archaeology an inhabitant of a mound dwelling. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > mound-dweller mound-man1876 mound dweller1899 1899 J. Spence Shetland Folk-lore 55 The mound-dwellers, or Pechts, became associated in the public mind with the brochs. 1972 S. Heaney Wintering Out 16 With pails and barrows Those mound-dwellers Go waist-deep in mist To break the light ice At wells and dunghills. 1989 R. Garfitt Given Ground 54 Embryos In chamber tombs, mound dwellers Under their own midden, they pressed Out of the vortex engraved on their pots. mound dwelling n. Archaeology a prehistoric dwelling in the form of a mound. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > other types of dwelling > [noun] > prehistoric dwellings broch1654 crannog1851 pile-building1863 pile-work1863 fascine dwelling1865 lake-habitation1865 palafitte1866 terramare1866 roundhouse1872 mound dwelling1897 wag1911 wheel-dwelling1931 wheelhouse1935 1897 Antiquary May 135 An Aberdeenshire mound-dwelling. 1993 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 9 May l6/1 From museums and cultural centers to battlegrounds, missions, pueblos, mound dwellings and petroglyphs and more. mound-kiln n. now historical a limekiln in the form of a mound. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 869 In England the stones [for hydraulic mortar] are calcined in shaft-kilns, or sometimes in mound-kilns. † mound-maker n. Obsolete (a) = mound builder n. 1; (b) = mound builder n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > [noun] > member of Megapodidae (mound-builder) megapode1840 mound-building bird1846 mound bird1855 maleo1860 mound-maker1860 mound builder1869 megapod1890 incubator-bird1943 1860 C. Campbell Hist. Virginia 85 We may..conclude that either they..have greatly degenerated, or that the mound-makers were a distinct and superior race. 1869 A. R. Wallace Malay Archipel. I. x. 243 The strange mound-maker (Megapodius gouldii). 1876 A. R. Wallace Geogr. Distribution Animals xiii. 399 The mound-makers (Megapodiidae) of the Australian region are more nearly allied to the South American curassows. mound-man n. Archaeology (now rare) = mound dweller n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > mound-dweller mound-man1876 mound dweller1899 1876 W. D. Gunning Life-hist. our Planet 202 The backhead of the Mound-man is better than that of the Cave-man. 1899 R. Munro Prehist. Scotl. iii. 82 The mound-men had feasted probably during ‘hard times’ on their own species. 1912 M. J. Cawein Poet, Fool & Faeries 244 They bore him into the forest glade Where..the Mound Men piped on their flutes of bone. mound of Venus n. rare (a) Palmistry = mons veneris n. 1; (b) = mons veneris n. 2. ΚΠ 1865 R. Beamish Psychonomy of Hand 35 The mound of Venus, devoid of lines, is the index of chastity, coldness, tranquility in love. 1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover xiv. 255 Softly, he laid his hand over her mound of Venus, on the soft brown maiden-hair. 1963 C. R. Mueller tr. G. Büchner Danton's Death i. v, in Compl. Plays & Prose 20 A woman's thighs will be your guillotine, and her mound of Venus your Tarpeian rock. 1997 J. Kazantzis Swimming through Grand Hotel 40 One hand thrown across her breasts, The other thrown across her mound of Venus. Mound Region n. U.S. an area of Wisconsin in which there are many prehistoric American Indian mounds. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] > types of terrain patchwork1865 Mound Region1873 boulder-flat1884 karrenfeld1885 boulder-belt1894 karst land1894 karst1902 felsenmeer1905 stone-field1906 staircasing1911 fundament1928 strewn field1937 thermokarst1943 patterned ground1950 pseudokarst1954 tower karst1954 tektite field1960 stone pavement1969 1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West i. 38 This is the centre of the ‘Mound Region’ of Wisconsin—so called from the many Indian mounds scattered about the valley. 1934 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 64 35 The Toltec type, brachycephalic, on the North-west coast of America, in the mound region, the Gulf States and the Antilles. mound-work n. †(a) an ornamental bank of stone and earth (obsolete); (b) Archaeology a prehistoric earthwork (cf. sense 4a); (c) Archaeology the study of prehistoric mounds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > division or part of garden > [noun] > artificial or ornamental mound or bank mount1591 mound-work1718 curb1881 1718 J. Addison Remarks Italy (ed. 2) 32 The State of Milan is like a vast Garden, surrounded by a Noble Mound-Work of Rocks and Mountains. 1872 Amer. Naturalist 6 254 The writer advancing the theory that the mound works being similar all over the world, they should be attributed in their origin to one race. 1897 Science New Ser. 5 881/1 I would like to cite two personal experiences which occurred during my mound-work in Florida. 1929 Amer. Archaeol. 31 553 We know sufficient to assign mound works north of the Ohio to pre-Columbian times. 1968 R. Silverberg Mound Builders Anc. Amer. ii. 37 Mount Royal received its first scientific excavation more than a century later. In 1893 there came to it Clarence B. Moore, whose mound work in Florida occupied him for a dozen years and did much to clarify the problems of this phase of Southern prehistory. 2001 R. Hamilton Myst. Serpent Mound 55 The white man destroyed these beautiful mound works in main part because he had no clues as to what their function was. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † moundadj. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French monde; Latin mundus. Etymology: < Middle French monde pure, virtuous (12th cent. in Old French in form munde ; also in Anglo-Norman as mounde , monde ) and its etymon classical Latin mundus clean, pure (see mundify v.). Compare immund adj. Scottish. Obsolete. rare. Pure, virtuous. ΚΠ 1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxxvi. 42 Creat w^tin me and infound Ane hart immaculat and mound. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2019). moundv. Brit. /maʊnd/, U.S. /maʊnd/ Forms: 1500s mounde, 1500s– mound, 1700s mownd, 1900s– moun (English regional). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mound n.² Etymology: < mound n.² 1. a. transitive. To enclose or bound with a fence or hedge; to fence or hedge in. Now also: to shut (an animal) in an enclosure, to pen. Now English regional (southern and south-west midlands). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > with a fence or hedge haya1050 frith1377 hain14.. hedgea1425 fence1435 tinec1440 bara1500 mound1515 fence1535 teen1616 mile1655 picket1745 ring-fence1761 zariba1885 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > furnish or surround with fence or hedge haya1050 palea1382 palis?a1400 hain14.. tinec1440 bara1500 mound1515 impale1530 stowerc1555 palisado1607 teen1616 palisade1632 impile1633 cancel1650 wire1691 inrail1714 ring-fence1761 whin-kid1876 1515 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 12 Ye same ground [they] have mounded and inclosed. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Aruum Ab aruis arua reuellere, to mounde one from an other. 1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 249 The Lorde hath chosen this lande, as his..vineyard, he hath mounded it with his gratious fauour and diuine protection. 1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Plaine Expos. Prov. xi–xii. 57 Their pastures are mounded, banked, and trenched. 1704 Hilmarton Parish Terrier in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 The Churchyard..to be mounded partly by the manor, partly by the parish and parsonage. 1759 in Q. Jrnl. Econ. (1907) Nov. 79 It is order'd by the Jury that the gaps in Ayls hedge be mounded by the Owners on or before Lady day next. 1789 Coniston Incl. Act 9 The allotments..shall be respectively mounded round. 1848 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 45 2 weeks mounding Lanes. a1903 A. L. Mayhew in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 [Oxfordshire] I was here before the land was mounded in. 1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. i. 324 Q[uestion]. If you want to confine your sheep to only part of a field, how do you do it?.. [Berkshire] Mound em, moun em off. †b. transitive. figurative and in extended use. To enclose or surround as with a hedge or fence. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vii. 249 Honor is like Cinamon Which Nature mounds with many a million Of thornie prickes. 1652 W. Hartley Infant-baptism Ded. 1 Your discourse was so well mounded with exceptions, as not a sheep-gap open for argument to try your doctrine. c. intransitive. To make or repair a fence or hedge. Now English regional (south-west midlands) (rare). ΚΠ 1731 J. Tull New Horse-houghing Husbandry 94 To mound over the Hill would require double the Rails, or double the Hedge-wood..as to mound the Base. 1829 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 6 Jno Steel stanking the water and mounding in meadow, 0 1 6. 1846 in C. R. Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 41 Opening Water Courses, mounding across Harris's and Feather bed Lane, [etc.]. 1898 G. Miller Gloss. Warwicks. Dial. (at cited word) I be a guining a mounding to-morrow; them beasts of ourn have busted all them old posteses and rails. a1903 E. Smith MS Coll. Warwicks. Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 178/2 Mound [to put up, or repair a post and rail fence]. 2. transitive. To enclose, bound, or fortify with a bank, embankment, etc. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > protect or surround with rampart [verb (transitive)] rampire1550 berampier1582 rampart1585 mound1600 circumvall1623 circumvallate1823 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > with a mound or mounds rampire1566 mound1600 immound1605 1600 P. Holland tr. J. B. Marlianus Svmmary Topogr. Rome i. v, in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 1350 Whereas before it was mounded about with rubbish,..Tarquin..was the first that enclosed it with a wall. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion vii. 103 For, from the rising banks that stronglie mound them in, The Valley (as betwixt) her name did first begin. 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 12 A spacious City stood, with firmest Walls Sure mounded. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. To Mound,..to fortify with a mound. 1800 S. T. Coleridge tr. F. Schiller Death Wallenstein ii. viii. 54 At once Revolt is mounded, and the high-swoln current Shrinks back into the old bed of obedience. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 41 Columbus traced, with swift exploring eye,..The realms that mound the unmeasured magazine. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Ode to Memory v, in Poems 63 A sandbuilt ridge Of heapéd hills that mound the sea. 3. transitive (frequently in passive). To heap up or pile up in or as in a mound or hillock. Also: to cover (a thing) with objects which have been heaped up. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > make high(er) [verb (transitive)] > raise in a mound hillock1791 mound1859 1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel I. v. 73 Banks of moveless cloud hung about the horizon, mounded to the West, where slept the wind. 1874 J. A. Symonds Sketches Italy & Greece (1898) I. i. 22 Snow lies mounded on the roads and fields. 1905 L. Binyon in Academy 7 Oct. 1029/2 As we rounded Old hills greenly mounded. 1938 Amer. Home Jan. 38/2 Proper drainage is the secret of successful cactus culture and as a further precaution it is well to mound the soil slightly when planting cacti. 1957 D. Knight Turning On (1967) 31 Tourist goods, scarves and tapestries..were mounded over the piled suitcases. 1983 S. Koea in L. Wevers N.Z. Short Stories (1984) 4th Ser. 164 Her favourite garden, the one with the ornamental cast-iron wheelbarrow mounded with begonias. 1991 N. Baker U & I vi. 84 I was beginning to comprehend..that not everything I had mounded up to say under a given head needed to be said in one spot. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹?a1300n.²?a1500adj.1568v.1515
随便看	round-bend round-beset round-bilged round-billed round-blazing round-bodied round-bottom round-bottomed round-bow round-browed round-budded round-burning round-by-round round-cell round-celled round-cheeked round-cornered round-crested round-crowned round-dealing round-dealing-wise round-down round-eared round-edge round-edged

moundn.1

moundn.2

Compounds

† moundadj.

moundv.

moundn.¹

moundn.²