miniumn.

Brit.

/ˈmɪnɪəm/, U.S.

/ˈmɪniəm/

Forms: Middle English mineus, Middle English minius, Middle English myneus, Middle English– minium, 1500s minis.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin minium.

Etymology: < classical Latin minium native cinnabar, red lead, further etymology uncertain: probably of Iberian origin. Compare Middle French miniem (14th cent.; compare earlier mine (c1200 in Old French)), Middle French, French minium (1547), and minion n.²On the development of the word's meaning compare:1962 H. P. Crosland Hist. Stud. Lang. Chem. iii. 105 When Pliny refers to minium he is speaking of red mercuric sulphide, although he also mentions a minium secondarium which was red lead. This ‘second-rate minium’ was a substitute for the more expensive cinnabar and was used to adulterate it even in Roman times. Eventually minium was so commonly associated with the lead compound that it ceased to have any connection with mercury. It seems that to Pliny minium was any red powder and this is confirmed by his remark that copper may be heated in a furnace ‘till it becomes a kind of minium’, which is the modern cuprous oxide. In the works of Geber minium is definitely red lead and this became the accepted usage.

a. Cinnabar, esp. as a red pigment; = vermilion n. 1a. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > cinnabar or vermilion

vermilion1296

cinnabara1382

miniuma1398

vermily1590

vermeil1610

minion1621

orange vermilion1864

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 310^v Minium is a reed colour. And þe Grees founde þe matiere þerof in Ephesim. In Spayne is more suche pigment þan in oþer londes.

1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.ii^v/2 In the veynes of quycksyluer there is dygged out a clotte of red coloure, whych hath redde dust about it, & y^e duste is minium.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xi. 238 The Antients made great accompt of this Minium or vermillion, holding it for a sacred colour.

1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxv. 309 Of pure Minium, or native Cinnober he had two sorts.

1866 H. Shaw Art Illum. 2 The use of minium, or vermilion, in marking..particular words of manuscripts, is of very high antiquity.

1927 Speculum 2 151 We might go on to show how Descartes..discussed such oft-discussed matters as..how vermilion or minium is made.

†b. gen. Any red earth. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > red or leached soil

red eartheOE

red landc1250

minium1613

Armenian bole1621

red loam1707

red soil1817

terra rossa1882

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter

red stoneeOE

red eartheOE

redding1292

raddlea1350

ruddle1353

rubric?1440

red ochre1481

sinoper1501

red1538

red chalk1538

sinople1548

terra sigillata1563

almagre1598

majolica1598

minium1613

orell1614

reddle1648

India red1668

Indian red1672

riddle1681

smit1728

Persian earth1735

red marl1748

abraum1753

Terra Sienna1760

tivera1825

kokowai1836

sinopia1844

sinopis1857

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. xvii. 77 The winds..do..carrie downe alongst the streame a great quantity of that redde Earth or Minium of Libanus whereby it passeth.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 34 A sort of Minium, or red Earth, washed into the River.

2. More fully red minium. A form of lead oxide; = red lead n. 1. Also: the colour of red lead.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > bright red or scarlet

cockea1382

coccyn1382

coctin1382

vermiliona1400

scarlet-redc1405

sinoper1412

scarletc1440

sinople?c1450

vermeletc1530

lusty gallant1587

vermeil1590

vermeil red1590

minium1601

cinnabar?1614

cochineal1632

poppy red1679

poppy colour1705

cherry-colour1720

ponceau1782

Turkey red1789

pinkc1791

coquelicot1795

poppy1796

cherry-red1802

vermilion-red1815

cardinal scarlet1828

geranium1842

dahlia1846

cardinal red1850

cerise1858

cardinal1874

scarlet-crimson1882

vermilion-scarlet1882

pillar box1894

Turkish red1900

signal red1909

fuchsia1923

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > red lead

red leadc1450

minium1601

minion1621

litharge1683

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxiii. vii. 476 A second kind there is of Minium, found in almost every mine of silver and lead..and not of that red stone which yeeldeth forth the humor that I named before Quicksilver.

1650 J. French tr. G. Dorn Chymicall Dict. in tr. M. Sędziwój New Light of Alchymie Minium is the Mercury or rather Crocus of Lead precipitated.

1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 133 In a little Book of Designs..I have..two or three little Things of his in Red Minium.

1732 Art of Drawing & Painting in Water-colours (ed. 2) 38 The Minium, or Red Lead, is as heavy and strong a Colour as most we have.

1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 267 I have found minium native in the earth.

1882 Nature No. 642. 362 One or two ounces of powdered minium, or red-lead.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxi. 557 Red Lead, or minium..is manufactured by heating lead monoxide to about 400°C., for forty-eight hours.

1978 K. Amis Jake's Thing (1979) ii. 15 Front door and window-frames and drain-pipes not painted cinnabar or orpiment or minium or light mushroom.

1983 G. Uden Understanding Book-collecting (BNC) 189 To ‘miniate’ originally meant to use minium or red lead..for rubrication and illumination.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	minium
释义	miniumn. Brit. /ˈmɪnɪəm/, U.S. /ˈmɪniəm/ Forms: Middle English mineus, Middle English minius, Middle English myneus, Middle English– minium, 1500s minis. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin minium. Etymology: < classical Latin minium native cinnabar, red lead, further etymology uncertain: probably of Iberian origin. Compare Middle French miniem (14th cent.; compare earlier mine (c1200 in Old French)), Middle French, French minium (1547), and minion n.²On the development of the word's meaning compare:1962 H. P. Crosland Hist. Stud. Lang. Chem. iii. 105 When Pliny refers to minium he is speaking of red mercuric sulphide, although he also mentions a minium secondarium which was red lead. This ‘second-rate minium’ was a substitute for the more expensive cinnabar and was used to adulterate it even in Roman times. Eventually minium was so commonly associated with the lead compound that it ceased to have any connection with mercury. It seems that to Pliny minium was any red powder and this is confirmed by his remark that copper may be heated in a furnace ‘till it becomes a kind of minium’, which is the modern cuprous oxide. In the works of Geber minium is definitely red lead and this became the accepted usage. 1. a. Cinnabar, esp. as a red pigment; = vermilion n. 1a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > cinnabar or vermilion vermilion1296 cinnabara1382 miniuma1398 vermily1590 vermeil1610 minion1621 orange vermilion1864 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 310^v Minium is a reed colour. And þe Grees founde þe matiere þerof in Ephesim. In Spayne is more suche pigment þan in oþer londes. 1543 B. Traheron Interpr. Straunge Wordes in tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. sig. &&.ii^v/2 In the veynes of quycksyluer there is dygged out a clotte of red coloure, whych hath redde dust about it, & y^e duste is minium. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xi. 238 The Antients made great accompt of this Minium or vermillion, holding it for a sacred colour. 1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxv. 309 Of pure Minium, or native Cinnober he had two sorts. 1866 H. Shaw Art Illum. 2 The use of minium, or vermilion, in marking..particular words of manuscripts, is of very high antiquity. 1927 Speculum 2 151 We might go on to show how Descartes..discussed such oft-discussed matters as..how vermilion or minium is made. †b. gen. Any red earth. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > red or leached soil red eartheOE red landc1250 minium1613 Armenian bole1621 red loam1707 red soil1817 terra rossa1882 the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter red stoneeOE red eartheOE redding1292 raddlea1350 ruddle1353 rubric?1440 red ochre1481 sinoper1501 red1538 red chalk1538 sinople1548 terra sigillata1563 almagre1598 majolica1598 minium1613 orell1614 reddle1648 India red1668 Indian red1672 riddle1681 smit1728 Persian earth1735 red marl1748 abraum1753 Terra Sienna1760 tivera1825 kokowai1836 sinopia1844 sinopis1857 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage i. xvii. 77 The winds..do..carrie downe alongst the streame a great quantity of that redde Earth or Minium of Libanus whereby it passeth. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 34 A sort of Minium, or red Earth, washed into the River. 2. More fully red minium. A form of lead oxide; = red lead n. 1. Also: the colour of red lead. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > bright red or scarlet cockea1382 coccyn1382 coctin1382 vermiliona1400 scarlet-redc1405 sinoper1412 scarletc1440 sinople?c1450 vermeletc1530 lusty gallant1587 vermeil1590 vermeil red1590 minium1601 cinnabar?1614 cochineal1632 poppy red1679 poppy colour1705 cherry-colour1720 ponceau1782 Turkey red1789 pinkc1791 coquelicot1795 poppy1796 cherry-red1802 vermilion-red1815 cardinal scarlet1828 geranium1842 dahlia1846 cardinal red1850 cerise1858 cardinal1874 scarlet-crimson1882 vermilion-scarlet1882 pillar box1894 Turkish red1900 signal red1909 fuchsia1923 the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > red lead red leadc1450 minium1601 minion1621 litharge1683 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxiii. vii. 476 A second kind there is of Minium, found in almost every mine of silver and lead..and not of that red stone which yeeldeth forth the humor that I named before Quicksilver. 1650 J. French tr. G. Dorn Chymicall Dict. in tr. M. Sędziwój New Light of Alchymie Minium is the Mercury or rather Crocus of Lead precipitated. 1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 133 In a little Book of Designs..I have..two or three little Things of his in Red Minium. 1732 Art of Drawing & Painting in Water-colours (ed. 2) 38 The Minium, or Red Lead, is as heavy and strong a Colour as most we have. 1806 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 96 267 I have found minium native in the earth. 1882 Nature No. 642. 362 One or two ounces of powdered minium, or red-lead. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxi. 557 Red Lead, or minium..is manufactured by heating lead monoxide to about 400°C., for forty-eight hours. 1978 K. Amis Jake's Thing (1979) ii. 15 Front door and window-frames and drain-pipes not painted cinnabar or orpiment or minium or light mushroom. 1983 G. Uden Understanding Book-collecting (BNC) 189 To ‘miniate’ originally meant to use minium or red lead..for rubrication and illumination. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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