Mirn.¹

Brit.

/mɪə/, U.S.

/mɪ(ə)r/

Forms: 1600s– Mir, 1600s–1800s Meer. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian mīr.

Etymology: < Persian mīr commander, chief, lord, ruler (10th–11th cent.) < Arabic amīr emir n. Compare Urdu mīr , Turkish mir (both < Persian). Compare admiral n., emir n., mirza n., omrah n.In Persian, the word alternated in all its uses with the fuller form amīr emir n. The title was originally applied to rulers of independent Muslim kingdoms (before the emergence of the title Sultan sultan n.) and to military commanders; as in quots. 1783 and 1787 it also formed the first element in compound titles of office-bearers. Throughout the Muslim world it was used as an honorific before names, among others those of the Sayyids (see sayyid n. and adj.). For further information on the use of the term in Islamic contexts, see Encycl. Islam (new ed., 1992) at Mīr.

= emir n. 1, 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > Saracen or Arab ruler

admiralc1275

soldanc1380

emir1542

sultan1555

shereef1603

Mir1625

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. iii. xii. 282 The Mir of Aden sent a Boat and a Messenger aboord.

1783 F. Gladwin tr. A. Allâmî Ayeen Akbery I. ii. 290 (heading) The office of Meer Behry, or admiralty.

1787 C. Hamilton Hist. Relation Rohilla Afgans 41 Ômdat al Moolk..was at this period Meer Buchshy or Paymaster-General of the Empire.

1792 R. Heron tr. C. Niebuhr Trav. Arabia II. xxiii. vii. 155 Mr Kniphausen had agreed with Mir Naser, Prince of Bender Rigk [sic],..that the Dutch should..be allowed to seat their factory there.

1840 J. B. Fraser Trav. Koordistan I. iii. 80 The jealousy of the Meer extends only to strangers travelling in the country without apparent business.

1873 E. Balfour Cycl. India (ed. 2) III. 284/1 Mir Jaffir, in 1702, was appointed dewan of Bengal... He was of a poor brahmin family..but was..converted to mahomedanism.

1885 T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 350/1 Mīr. A title of respect used for the descendants of celebrated Muḥammadan saints. More generally used for Saiyids, or descendants of Fāṭimah, the Prophet's daughter.

1928 Blackwood's Mag. May 709/1 To get the savour of the Mir's table talk, you must hear a little more about its setting.

1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon xviii. 252 At ten o'clock, the Mir, an absolute monarch with complete control over the internal affairs of his 20,000 people, walks from his palace to the Durbah.

1992 New Yorker 14 Dec. 59/3 Sardars, mirs, and maliks sat cross-legged on a Bukhara rug and lounged against pillows piled against a wall.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mirn.²

Brit.

/mɪə/, U.S.

/mɪ(ə)r/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian mir.

Etymology: < Russian mir community, village commune (11th cent.; also from 11th cent. in senses ‘peace’ and ‘world’: see Mir n.⁴). Compare German Mir (1852 in the passage translated in quot. 1856), French mir (1859).

Now historical.

In Imperial Russia: a village community of a traditional type characterized by self-government and collective control of local lands, fisheries, forests, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > village in countries other than England

casal1511

clachana1530

rancheria1594

aldeia1609

stanitza1662

kraal1731

pettah1761

township1789

pueblo1808

rancho1819

kainga1820

aoul1828

bustee1834

obe1835

tref1841

kampong1844

mir1856

manyatta1905

lapa1909

shtetl1963

1856 R. Farie tr. A. von Haxthausen Russ. Empire II. 229 I can recollect no German or Romanic proverb in which the power, rights, and sacredness of the Commune are recognized; the Russian language has a great number:—God alone directs the Mir. The Mir is great, [etc.].

1877 D. M. Wallace Russia I. viii. 179 The Mir is the most peculiar of Russian institutions.

1878 E. C. G. Murray Russians of To-day 21 The Mir system may be summed up in a few words; it has simply caused the peasant to exchange the domination of his old master for the more grinding tyranny of many masters.

1905 J. H. Rose Devel. European Nations xi. 294 The ownership of the soil of Russia by the Mirs, the communes of her myriad villages.

1967 Listener 2 Nov. 558/3 The break-up of the mir and the..transition from communal to hereditary tenure.

1997 G. Hosking Russia iii. iii. 217 The collectivism, egalitarianism, mutual responsibility and participatory self-government of the mir did potentially offer an alternative ideology, but it was one which the peasants..could not articulate themselves.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Mirn.³adj.

Brit.

/mɪə/, U.S.

/mɪ(ə)r/

Forms: also with lower-case initial.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian mīr.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably ultimately < Persian mīr Mir n.¹It has been suggested that the word initially derives < the name of a place in the Sariband district, south-west of Arak, Iran (perhaps Persian Mīrābād (the derivation given in O.E.D. Suppl. (1976), although the place is no longer in existence) or Mālmīr), but this has not been substantiated. Both place names incorporate Persian mīr.

Now chiefly historical.

More fully Mir carpet. A fine-quality Serabend carpet woven in the early 19th cent. Also attributive or as adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > rug > Persian or Iranian

Mir1900

Sarouk1900

Saraband1901

Sehna1901

Kashan1905

Afshar1909

Bakhtiari1922

Kashgai1922

Feraghan1929

polonaise1930

Ispahan1931

Qum1962

1900 J. K. Mumford Oriental Rugs xi. 197 In the Sarawan district the tereh Mir, so called from the village where it is said to have originated, is the almost universal design.

1900 J. K. Mumford Oriental Rugs xi. 197 Artisans in other localities have copied the Mir Saraband, changing the borders or coloration to suit their fancy.

1931 A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets iv. 125 All the fine Sarabands, known as Mir from the town of that name which an earthquake destroyed, were ‘Farmayashti’ [sic], or special-order weavings.

1953 A. C. Edwards Persian Carpet ix. 144/2 Miri no doubt refers to the Mir carpets of the early nineteenth century which were the prototypes of the present-day Serabands.

1972 P. L. Phillips tr. F. Formenton Oriental Rugs & Carpets 69 The boteh design came from the Seraband region and..was used at the beginning in the Mir carpets.

1974 R. Jeffries Mistakenly in Mallorca iii. 24 Four carpets, two Ispahans, a Sum and a Mir.

1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Seraband rug These 19th- and early 20th-century rugs, noted for their sturdiness and unobtrusive charm, have a characteristic pattern (known commercially as the mir design) of small, complex leaf..or pear forms.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Mirn.⁴

Brit.

/mɪə/, U.S.

/mɪ(ə)r/

Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian Mir.

Etymology: < Russian Mir, the name of a space station < mir peace, world (11th cent., the two senses being distinguished in Russian pre-revolutionary orthography by different vowel characters, but now identical; also from 11th cent. in sense ‘community, commune’: see mir n.²); compare Old Church Slavonic mirŭ peace, world.

(The name of) a space station built in the Soviet Union to a modular design. Frequently attributive.The space station was launched in 1986 and was occupied by successive shifts of visiting scientists from different countries. With the advent of the International Space Station, a multinational enterprise, in 1998, and its initial occupation in 2000, Russia aborted Mir and caused it to undergo a controlled descent into the sea on 23 March 2001.

ΚΠ

1986 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 1: U.S.S.R. (B.B.C.) 21 Feb. SU/8189/i The launching of the Mir space station was announced by Tass late on 19th February... The agency described Mir as ‘a base module for assembling a multi-purpose permanently operating manned complex’.

1990 Australian 15 Jan. 15/5 The cosmonauts have been on Mir since September.

1994 Chicago Tribune 3 July i. 3/2 The first of a series of planned U.S.–Russian missions..using the American space shuttle and the Russian Mir space station.

2000 New Scientist 25 Nov. 6/1 Russia's plan to crash Mir into the Pacific..will have raised cheers among NASA's International Space Station contingent.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1625

n.²1856

n.³adj.1900

n.⁴1986

单词	mir
释义	Mirn.¹ Brit. /mɪə/, U.S. /mɪ(ə)r/ Forms: 1600s– Mir, 1600s–1800s Meer. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian mīr. Etymology: < Persian mīr commander, chief, lord, ruler (10th–11th cent.) < Arabic amīr emir n. Compare Urdu mīr , Turkish mir (both < Persian). Compare admiral n., emir n., mirza n., omrah n.In Persian, the word alternated in all its uses with the fuller form amīr emir n. The title was originally applied to rulers of independent Muslim kingdoms (before the emergence of the title Sultan sultan n.) and to military commanders; as in quots. 1783 and 1787 it also formed the first element in compound titles of office-bearers. Throughout the Muslim world it was used as an honorific before names, among others those of the Sayyids (see sayyid n. and adj.). For further information on the use of the term in Islamic contexts, see Encycl. Islam (new ed., 1992) at Mīr. = emir n. 1, 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > Saracen or Arab ruler admiralc1275 soldanc1380 emir1542 sultan1555 shereef1603 Mir1625 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. iii. xii. 282 The Mir of Aden sent a Boat and a Messenger aboord. 1783 F. Gladwin tr. A. Allâmî Ayeen Akbery I. ii. 290 (heading) The office of Meer Behry, or admiralty. 1787 C. Hamilton Hist. Relation Rohilla Afgans 41 Ômdat al Moolk..was at this period Meer Buchshy or Paymaster-General of the Empire. 1792 R. Heron tr. C. Niebuhr Trav. Arabia II. xxiii. vii. 155 Mr Kniphausen had agreed with Mir Naser, Prince of Bender Rigk [sic],..that the Dutch should..be allowed to seat their factory there. 1840 J. B. Fraser Trav. Koordistan I. iii. 80 The jealousy of the Meer extends only to strangers travelling in the country without apparent business. 1873 E. Balfour Cycl. India (ed. 2) III. 284/1 Mir Jaffir, in 1702, was appointed dewan of Bengal... He was of a poor brahmin family..but was..converted to mahomedanism. 1885 T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 350/1 Mīr. A title of respect used for the descendants of celebrated Muḥammadan saints. More generally used for Saiyids, or descendants of Fāṭimah, the Prophet's daughter. 1928 Blackwood's Mag. May 709/1 To get the savour of the Mir's table talk, you must hear a little more about its setting. 1973 C. Bonington Next Horizon xviii. 252 At ten o'clock, the Mir, an absolute monarch with complete control over the internal affairs of his 20,000 people, walks from his palace to the Durbah. 1992 New Yorker 14 Dec. 59/3 Sardars, mirs, and maliks sat cross-legged on a Bukhara rug and lounged against pillows piled against a wall. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). mirn.² Brit. /mɪə/, U.S. /mɪ(ə)r/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian mir. Etymology: < Russian mir community, village commune (11th cent.; also from 11th cent. in senses ‘peace’ and ‘world’: see Mir n.⁴). Compare German Mir (1852 in the passage translated in quot. 1856), French mir (1859). Now historical. In Imperial Russia: a village community of a traditional type characterized by self-government and collective control of local lands, fisheries, forests, etc. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > village in countries other than England casal1511 clachana1530 rancheria1594 aldeia1609 stanitza1662 kraal1731 pettah1761 township1789 pueblo1808 rancho1819 kainga1820 aoul1828 bustee1834 obe1835 tref1841 kampong1844 mir1856 manyatta1905 lapa1909 shtetl1963 1856 R. Farie tr. A. von Haxthausen Russ. Empire II. 229 I can recollect no German or Romanic proverb in which the power, rights, and sacredness of the Commune are recognized; the Russian language has a great number:—God alone directs the Mir. The Mir is great, [etc.]. 1877 D. M. Wallace Russia I. viii. 179 The Mir is the most peculiar of Russian institutions. 1878 E. C. G. Murray Russians of To-day 21 The Mir system may be summed up in a few words; it has simply caused the peasant to exchange the domination of his old master for the more grinding tyranny of many masters. 1905 J. H. Rose Devel. European Nations xi. 294 The ownership of the soil of Russia by the Mirs, the communes of her myriad villages. 1967 Listener 2 Nov. 558/3 The break-up of the mir and the..transition from communal to hereditary tenure. 1997 G. Hosking Russia iii. iii. 217 The collectivism, egalitarianism, mutual responsibility and participatory self-government of the mir did potentially offer an alternative ideology, but it was one which the peasants..could not articulate themselves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Mirn.³adj. Brit. /mɪə/, U.S. /mɪ(ə)r/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian mīr. Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably ultimately < Persian mīr Mir n.¹It has been suggested that the word initially derives < the name of a place in the Sariband district, south-west of Arak, Iran (perhaps Persian Mīrābād (the derivation given in O.E.D. Suppl. (1976), although the place is no longer in existence) or Mālmīr), but this has not been substantiated. Both place names incorporate Persian mīr. Now chiefly historical. More fully Mir carpet. A fine-quality Serabend carpet woven in the early 19th cent. Also attributive or as adj. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > rug > Persian or Iranian Mir1900 Sarouk1900 Saraband1901 Sehna1901 Kashan1905 Afshar1909 Bakhtiari1922 Kashgai1922 Feraghan1929 polonaise1930 Ispahan1931 Qum1962 1900 J. K. Mumford Oriental Rugs xi. 197 In the Sarawan district the tereh Mir, so called from the village where it is said to have originated, is the almost universal design. 1900 J. K. Mumford Oriental Rugs xi. 197 Artisans in other localities have copied the Mir Saraband, changing the borders or coloration to suit their fancy. 1931 A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets iv. 125 All the fine Sarabands, known as Mir from the town of that name which an earthquake destroyed, were ‘Farmayashti’ [sic], or special-order weavings. 1953 A. C. Edwards Persian Carpet ix. 144/2 Miri no doubt refers to the Mir carpets of the early nineteenth century which were the prototypes of the present-day Serabands. 1972 P. L. Phillips tr. F. Formenton Oriental Rugs & Carpets 69 The boteh design came from the Seraband region and..was used at the beginning in the Mir carpets. 1974 R. Jeffries Mistakenly in Mallorca iii. 24 Four carpets, two Ispahans, a Sum and a Mir. 1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Seraband rug These 19th- and early 20th-century rugs, noted for their sturdiness and unobtrusive charm, have a characteristic pattern (known commercially as the mir design) of small, complex leaf..or pear forms. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Mirn.⁴ Brit. /mɪə/, U.S. /mɪ(ə)r/ Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian Mir. Etymology: < Russian Mir, the name of a space station < mir peace, world (11th cent., the two senses being distinguished in Russian pre-revolutionary orthography by different vowel characters, but now identical; also from 11th cent. in sense ‘community, commune’: see mir n.²); compare Old Church Slavonic mirŭ peace, world. (The name of) a space station built in the Soviet Union to a modular design. Frequently attributive.The space station was launched in 1986 and was occupied by successive shifts of visiting scientists from different countries. With the advent of the International Space Station, a multinational enterprise, in 1998, and its initial occupation in 2000, Russia aborted Mir and caused it to undergo a controlled descent into the sea on 23 March 2001. ΚΠ 1986 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 1: U.S.S.R. (B.B.C.) 21 Feb. SU/8189/i The launching of the Mir space station was announced by Tass late on 19th February... The agency described Mir as ‘a base module for assembling a multi-purpose permanently operating manned complex’. 1990 Australian 15 Jan. 15/5 The cosmonauts have been on Mir since September. 1994 Chicago Tribune 3 July i. 3/2 The first of a series of planned U.S.–Russian missions..using the American space shuttle and the Russian Mir space station. 2000 New Scientist 25 Nov. 6/1 Russia's plan to crash Mir into the Pacific..will have raised cheers among NASA's International Space Station contingent. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1625n.²1856n.³adj.1900n.⁴1986
随便看	dingly dingly dell dingo dingo fence dingo hunt dingo hunter dingo hunting dingo pack dingo shooting dingo trap dingo trapper dingo's breakfast dingo-proof dingoes dingolay dingoproof dingos dings dingthrift dingthrifty dingus dinguses dingy dingy grey dingy skipper

Mirn.1

mirn.2

Mirn.3adj.

Mirn.4

Mirn.¹

mirn.²

Mirn.³adj.

Mirn.⁴