modifiern.

Brit.

/ˈmɒdᵻfʌɪə/, U.S.

/ˈmɑdəˌfaɪər/

Forms: see modify v. and -er suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: modify v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < modify v. + -er suffix¹. Compare modificator n.

†1. Scots Law. A person who assesses and prescribes a legal payment, penalty, etc. Cf. modify v. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > fixing amount of tax > one who assesses

taxer1377

taxator1424

gauger1483

sessor1496

cessor1565

modifier1570

stentor1574

layer1602

mise-layer1604

assessor1611

stentmaster1624

list-maker1666

lay-layer1669

lister1682

1570 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1839) I. 179 If a minister sufficiently provided for his ministratione at any kirke have other benefices... Referr this to the modifiers of stipends.

1583 in Acts Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl. (Maitland Club) II. 636 A request sall be made to the modifiers for that effect.

1587 in Acts Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl. (Maitland Club) II. 726 The brethren agreeth, that certane of their number be adjoyned with the Lords Modifyers, to perfyte the assignations of this present year.

1627 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) iii. 86 Item, in respect of the delapidation of the prowestrie..the lordis modefeares hes allowit twa hundreth markis yeirlie to the prowest.

2. gen. A person who or thing which makes partial or minor changes to something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > [noun] > change within limits, variation, or modification > one who or that which varies

modifier1682

modificator1889

variegator1891

diversifier1894

the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > [noun] > one who or that which mitigates or moderates

slakea1300

mitigativea1398

allayerc1487

slaker?1518

assuager1547

abater1583

mollifier1583

mitigator1586

moderator1589

softener1599

rebater1601

lightener?1611

allay1614

swager1617

mitigation1622

temperer1630

alleviator1665

alleviative1672

sheather1762

soberera1849

buffer1858

charmer1871

suppressant1884

modifier1890

moderant1897

shock-absorber1924

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > toning down > that which

qualifier1561

modifier1890

1682 H. More Annot. Disc. Truth 198 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. That universal Spirit of Nature is most certainly the Mover of the Matter of the World, and the Modifier thereof.

1757 D. Hume Four Diss. i. vi. 47 That a limited deity..should in the end be represented as sovereign maker and modifier of the universe.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xxi. 474 A powerful modifier of climate is the latent heat of vapour in the air.

1868 G. MacDonald Robert Falconer I. 243 We shall have..more modifiers and completers, and fewer inventors.

1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 372 Colored media recommended as screens or modifiers of the light.

1943 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 191/1 Most of the artificial heliotrope perfumes contain modifiers of the geraniol type.

1980 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Mar. 182/2 Its shell has to act as a satisfactory climate modifier, keeping out water, avoiding over-heating from the sun and so on.

1987 M. Bergmann Anat. Loving xvi. 204 After World War II, Balint emerges as the most important modifier of Freud's views on love.

a. Grammar. A word, phrase, or clause which modifies another; (now) esp. an element within a noun phrase which characterizes more specifically what the head refers to. Cf. modify v. 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > modifier or qualifier

qualifier1589

restringenta1626

restrictive1642

modificativea1661

qualificativea1661

modifier1865

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 26 A third [sentence] construction is common..; the modifier after the modified.

1924 H. E. Palmer Gram. Spoken Eng. ii. 68 Possessives used as Modifiers. (Generally known as ‘possessive adjectives’.)

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xii. 194 A prepositional expression and an accusative expression..appearing in entirely different syntactic positions (e.g. as a modifier of verbs: sit beside John, or of nouns: the boy beside John).

1970 G. C. Lepschy Survey Struct. Ling. vi. 107 Modifiers..indicate the value—singular or plural, definite or indefinite—of the particular element to which they are attached.

1988 W. Safire in N.Y. Times Mag. 6 Nov. 24/1 Today the term [hot button] is used more frequently as a modifier than as a noun.

b. Phonetics. A phonetic sign or symbol, such as an umlaut, which modifies a character. Cf. modify v. 5b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [noun] > phonetic transcription > phonetic symbols

sheva1582

quantity mark1860

breathing1864

stress mark1881

rounder1888

polygraph1893

shadda1896

modifier1899

length-mark1926

shift-sign1939

agma1957

1899 H. Sweet Pract. Study Languages iii. 21 Thus, if there is a special mark or modifier to express voice, the absence of that modifier necessarily implies breath.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 462/1 The Organic Alphabet especially makes a large use of ‘modifiers’—characters which are added to the other symbols to indicate nasal, palatal, &c., modifications of the sounds represented by italic letters in the Narrow Romic transcription; thus (ln) = nasalized (l).

4. Genetics. A gene which modifies the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > gene > types of gene

sex determinant1902

sex determiner1909

inhibitor1911

multiple factor1912

modifier1915

autosomal dominant1919

autosomal recessive1919

scute1923

gene1925

suppressor1928

rate gene1932

dominigene1938

buffer1939

polygene1941

switch gene1942

mutator1943

oligogene1943

sickle cell gene1946

supergene1949

ob1950

obese1950

regulator1960

regulator gene1960

regulatory gene1960

enhancer1967

oncogene1969

virogene1969

hedgehog1980

1915 T. H. Morgan et al. Mechanism Mendelian Heredity viii. 203 The F₂ from the crosses to self-color indicate that such modifiers are really present in the rats.

1968 R. D. Martin tr. W. Wickler Mimicry in Plants & Animals ii. 33 Such modifier genes can switch the other genes on or off or alter their functional level so as to improve the correspondence of the mimic with the model.

1992 Equus Dec. 25/2 When black, brown, liver, bay and chestnut colors are diluted by genetic modifiers they form the dun shades.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	modifier
释义	modifiern. Brit. /ˈmɒdᵻfʌɪə/, U.S. /ˈmɑdəˌfaɪər/ Forms: see modify v. and -er suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: modify v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < modify v. + -er suffix¹. Compare modificator n. †1. Scots Law. A person who assesses and prescribes a legal payment, penalty, etc. Cf. modify v. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > fixing amount of tax > one who assesses taxer1377 taxator1424 gauger1483 sessor1496 cessor1565 modifier1570 stentor1574 layer1602 mise-layer1604 assessor1611 stentmaster1624 list-maker1666 lay-layer1669 lister1682 1570 in T. Thomson Acts & Proc. Kirk of Scotl. (1839) I. 179 If a minister sufficiently provided for his ministratione at any kirke have other benefices... Referr this to the modifiers of stipends. 1583 in Acts Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl. (Maitland Club) II. 636 A request sall be made to the modifiers for that effect. 1587 in Acts Gen. Assembly Church of Scotl. (Maitland Club) II. 726 The brethren agreeth, that certane of their number be adjoyned with the Lords Modifyers, to perfyte the assignations of this present year. 1627 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) iii. 86 Item, in respect of the delapidation of the prowestrie..the lordis modefeares hes allowit twa hundreth markis yeirlie to the prowest. 2. gen. A person who or thing which makes partial or minor changes to something. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > [noun] > change within limits, variation, or modification > one who or that which varies modifier1682 modificator1889 variegator1891 diversifier1894 the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > [noun] > one who or that which mitigates or moderates slakea1300 mitigativea1398 allayerc1487 slaker?1518 assuager1547 abater1583 mollifier1583 mitigator1586 moderator1589 softener1599 rebater1601 lightener?1611 allay1614 swager1617 mitigation1622 temperer1630 alleviator1665 alleviative1672 sheather1762 soberera1849 buffer1858 charmer1871 suppressant1884 modifier1890 moderant1897 shock-absorber1924 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > toning down > that which qualifier1561 modifier1890 1682 H. More Annot. Disc. Truth 198 in Two Choice & Useful Treat. That universal Spirit of Nature is most certainly the Mover of the Matter of the World, and the Modifier thereof. 1757 D. Hume Four Diss. i. vi. 47 That a limited deity..should in the end be represented as sovereign maker and modifier of the universe. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xxi. 474 A powerful modifier of climate is the latent heat of vapour in the air. 1868 G. MacDonald Robert Falconer I. 243 We shall have..more modifiers and completers, and fewer inventors. 1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 372 Colored media recommended as screens or modifiers of the light. 1943 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 191/1 Most of the artificial heliotrope perfumes contain modifiers of the geraniol type. 1980 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Mar. 182/2 Its shell has to act as a satisfactory climate modifier, keeping out water, avoiding over-heating from the sun and so on. 1987 M. Bergmann Anat. Loving xvi. 204 After World War II, Balint emerges as the most important modifier of Freud's views on love. 3. a. Grammar. A word, phrase, or clause which modifies another; (now) esp. an element within a noun phrase which characterizes more specifically what the head refers to. Cf. modify v. 5a. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > modifier or qualifier qualifier1589 restringenta1626 restrictive1642 modificativea1661 qualificativea1661 modifier1865 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 26 A third [sentence] construction is common..; the modifier after the modified. 1924 H. E. Palmer Gram. Spoken Eng. ii. 68 Possessives used as Modifiers. (Generally known as ‘possessive adjectives’.) 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xii. 194 A prepositional expression and an accusative expression..appearing in entirely different syntactic positions (e.g. as a modifier of verbs: sit beside John, or of nouns: the boy beside John). 1970 G. C. Lepschy Survey Struct. Ling. vi. 107 Modifiers..indicate the value—singular or plural, definite or indefinite—of the particular element to which they are attached. 1988 W. Safire in N.Y. Times Mag. 6 Nov. 24/1 Today the term [hot button] is used more frequently as a modifier than as a noun. b. Phonetics. A phonetic sign or symbol, such as an umlaut, which modifies a character. Cf. modify v. 5b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > [noun] > phonetic transcription > phonetic symbols sheva1582 quantity mark1860 breathing1864 stress mark1881 rounder1888 polygraph1893 shadda1896 modifier1899 length-mark1926 shift-sign1939 agma1957 1899 H. Sweet Pract. Study Languages iii. 21 Thus, if there is a special mark or modifier to express voice, the absence of that modifier necessarily implies breath. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 462/1 The Organic Alphabet especially makes a large use of ‘modifiers’—characters which are added to the other symbols to indicate nasal, palatal, &c., modifications of the sounds represented by italic letters in the Narrow Romic transcription; thus (ln) = nasalized (l). 4. Genetics. A gene which modifies the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > gene > types of gene sex determinant1902 sex determiner1909 inhibitor1911 multiple factor1912 modifier1915 autosomal dominant1919 autosomal recessive1919 scute1923 gene1925 suppressor1928 rate gene1932 dominigene1938 buffer1939 polygene1941 switch gene1942 mutator1943 oligogene1943 sickle cell gene1946 supergene1949 ob1950 obese1950 regulator1960 regulator gene1960 regulatory gene1960 enhancer1967 oncogene1969 virogene1969 hedgehog1980 1915 T. H. Morgan et al. Mechanism Mendelian Heredity viii. 203 The F₂ from the crosses to self-color indicate that such modifiers are really present in the rats. 1968 R. D. Martin tr. W. Wickler Mimicry in Plants & Animals ii. 33 Such modifier genes can switch the other genes on or off or alter their functional level so as to improve the correspondence of the mimic with the model. 1992 Equus Dec. 25/2 When black, brown, liver, bay and chestnut colors are diluted by genetic modifiers they form the dun shades. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1570
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