monosodiumadj.
/ˌmɒnə(ʊ)ˈsəʊdɪəm/, U.S. /ˌmɑnəˈsoʊdiəm/ 1. attributive. Designating chemical compounds, chiefly salts, containing one sodium atom or ion for each combining radical or ion.
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1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. 250 A white saline mass is formed (C4H5NaO4), mono-sodium glycol.
1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) liii. 792 The mono-sodium salt was introduced into medicine in 1902 under the name of atoxyl, and was the first aryl derivative of arsenic to find a therapeutic use.
1931 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 30 May 1871/1 Pentobarbital-sodium is a nonproprietary name given to the mono-sodium salt of ethyl-(1-methylbutyl) barbituric acid.
1954 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. xx. 588 Guanine gout has been reported in this species [sc. the pig]; this is..analogous to human gout, in which monosodium urate may accumulate in the cartilages.
1994 Independent on Sunday 13 Feb. 23/1 Gout, doctors tell us, is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints.
2. monosodium glutamate n. the sodium salt, COOH(CH2)2CH(NH2)COONa, of glutamic acid, used in foods as a flavour enhancer and (esp. in East Asian cookery) as a condiment; abbreviated MSG.
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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > salts, esters or anions of organic acids > [noun]
hydrochloride1823
isethionates1838
citraconate1840
adipate1841
anthranilate1841
stearate1841
itaconic acid1842
salicylate1842
oenanthate1845
ammelide1846
pelargonate1848
pelargyl1851
melanuric acid1852
methylate1852
opianyl1852
abietate1853
maleate1853
fulminuric1856
glyoxylate1856
urethane1856
indican1859
oxalyl1859
malonate1862
methacrylate1865
amylate1866
acetoacetate1873
isobutyrate1873
glutamate1876
hydrobromide1877
nicotinate1879
isovalerate1882
calcium gluconate1884
methoxide1885
isophthalate1886
homogentisate1891
naphthenate1899
peracetate1901
iodoacetate1902
glucuronate1904
hydnocarpate1905
thiomalate1905
azide1907
phytate1908
linolenate1909
isocitrate1925
phenylpyruvate1926
monosodium glutamate1929
perester1933
phosphonate1934
polymethacrylate1935
pantothenate1938
phosphoenolpyruvate1941
nylon salt1945
pantoate1945
penicilloate1946
thymidylate1959
chorismate1965
nonanoate1965
neuraminate1970
1929 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Oct. 984/2 In China and Japan monosodium glutamate is manufactured on a commercial scale and consumed as a condiment.
1960 Spectator 16 Sept. 417 That curious prickly after-taste which appears to be characteristic of every foodstuff in which monosodium glutamate figures.
1985 R. Fernandez Malaysian Cookery 117 8oz (225g) tinned salted vegetables (hum choy) soaked in cold water for 1–2 hours, 1 teaspoon monosodium glutamate or Ve-tsin, pinch of sugar.
1999 Guardian 16 Oct. (Weekend Suppl.) 70/1 These are crystals of monosodium glutamate (MSG), a natural ingredient of the cheese, and one of the chemicals that produces the umami effect.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1862