monstrousadj.adv.int.n.

Brit.

/ˈmɒnstrəs/, U.S.

/ˈmɑnstrəs/

Forms: late Middle English monstrows, late Middle English monstruse, late Middle English– monstrous, 1500s monsterouse, 1500s monsterus, 1500s monstreous, 1500s monstrons (transmission error), 1500s monstrose, 1500s monstrus, 1500s montrouse (transmission error), 1500s–1600s monstrouse, 1500s–1700s monsterous, 1600s monsterews; Scottish pre-1700 monsterous, pre-1700 monsterus, pre-1700 monstros, pre-1700 munstrous, pre-1700 munstrus, pre-1700 1700s– monstrous.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French monstreux.

Etymology: < Middle French, French monstreux (13th cent. in Old French as monstereux ; now rare) < classical Latin mōnstrōsus portentous, unnatural, strange (see note s.v. monstruous adj.) < mōnstrum monster n. + -ōsus -ous suffix. Compare Italian mostroso (16th cent.; earlier also monstroso ), Spanish monstroso (1587 in an isolated attestation). Compare earlier monstruous adj.

A. adj.

†1.

a. Of a thing (material or immaterial): deviating from the natural or conventional order; unnatural, extraordinary. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > abnormal or unnatural

wicked13..

innaturalc1400

monstruousc1425

wick?c1425

disnaturalc1430

monstrousa1464

unnatural1516

natureless1548

prodigious1569

non-natural1650

disnatured1764

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 24 Zorastes, whan he was bore, low as no child ded but he, and þis lawhing was no tokne of good, for it was monstrows, þat is to seyn ageyn cours of kynde.

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Di A sodein monstrous maruel fell.

1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 83 It seemeth a very straunge and a monstrous maner of speaking thus to say: I liue, I liue not: I am dead, I am not dead [etc.].

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 17 It is a thing monstrous, to put it [sc. the temporal sword] into the hands of the Common People.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) i. 9 That Vice may be uneasy and even monstrous unto thee, let iterated good Acts..make Virtue..a second nature in thee.

1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother ii. ii. 924 More monstrous Tales have oft amus'd the Vulgar.

1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) i. xv. 2 His Diadem was neither brass nor rust, But monstrous Metal of them both begot.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 56 That there are Instances of an Approbation of Vice,..for its own sake,..is evidently monstrous.

b. Of a person: strange or unnatural in conduct or disposition. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > not conforming to standard behaviour

irregular1395

unformalc1449

informalc1475

disordered1561

monstrous1568

odd1577

irregulate1579

exorbitant1613

free-spirited1613

exorbitating1632

inconformable1633

extravagant1650

inconform1659

eccentric1685

unconformable1702

outrageous1778

unconventional1840

erratic1841

kinky1844

Bohemian1846

radical1869

Bohemic1874

nonconforming1899

hard case1904

jazz1917

offbeat1922

deviant1935

deviate1945

oddball1945

left field1951

way out1955

boho1958

non-conformant1960

sideways1969

1568 Bible (Bishops') Zech. iii. 8 They are monstrous persons.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 39^v Pasiphae so monstrous to loue a Bull.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 66^v An Atheyst, a man in my opinion monstrous.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 46 Hee's flung in Rage from this ingratefull Seate Of monstrous Friends.

1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 165 And in her fashion she is likewise thus, In euery thing she must be monstrous.

1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 137 I must appear to them..uncivill and monstrous.

a. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a monster (monster n. 1a); having the appearance or nature of a monster, esp. in being hideous or frightening.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [adjective]

monstruousc1425

monstrousa1475

manxome1871

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 13702 (MED) I sawh a wekke, Old and hydous, Off look and cher ryht monstrous, Pyled and seynt as any kaat, And moosy-heryd as a raat.

c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 325 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 86 This is the woman..whom Iohn saw..syting apon a monsterus best.

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) vi. 141 Castours and whyte beares, & other monsterous beastes.

1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. D2^v Were that tamburlaine As monstrous as Gorgon, prince of Hell, The Souldane would not start a foot from him.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 113 Adorned with the statues of gods and men; with other monstrous resemblances.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 625 Nature breeds, Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things..Gorgons and Hydra's, and Chimera's dire.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 338 Their monstrous Idol.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. liii. 266 Their..Demi-gods are, some of human Shape, some of monstrous Figures.

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. vi. 210 On its confines are the haunts of the monstrous Chimæra, and the territory of the Amazons.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 418 Long-necked dragons..And many another monstrous nameless thing.

1909 R. Bridges Ibant Obscuri in New Q. Jan. 22 [ Aeneid 6. 286] And many strange creatures of monstrous form and features Stable about th' entrance.

1999 J. Leigh Hunter (2000) 53 Strange, that an animal with such a monstrous gaping jaw should possess so feeble a voice.

†b. Chiefly poetic. Containing many monsters. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [adjective] > abounding in

monstrous1638

1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 24 in Justa Edouardo King Where thou..under the humming tide Visit'st the bottom of the monstrous world.

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 658 Must I the warriors weep, Whelm'd in the bottom of the monstrous deep?

1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 108 The mighty deeps, The monstrous sea is thine.

a. Of unnaturally or extraordinarily large dimensions; gigantic, immense, enormous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > huge

unmeeteOE

unmeetlyOE

hugea1275

hideousc1330

infinitec1385

unmeasureda1398

unmeasurablec1405

hugyc1420

immeasurable1440

ingentc1450

unmeetlyc1450

giant1480

immense1490

monstrous?a1513

unmeasurely1513

hugeousa1529

unportable1537

enormous1544

enormc1560

giantly1561

immensible1579

rouncival1582

dismeasured1584

vast1585

immeasured1590

gargantuan1596

omnipotent1596

colossian1601

immane1601

prodigious1601

Polyphemian1602

Titanian1603

titanical1603

gigantical1604

immensive1604

gigantine1605

colossic1607

gigantean1611

Gogmagotical1612

gigantal?1614

Babylonian1617

leviathan1625

titanic1628

elephantine1631

gigantive1638

colossean1644

decumanal1652

immensurate1654

gigant1658

decuman1659

colossal1664

abnormous1710

Brobdingnagian1728

Brobdingnag1731

Pantagruelian1737

heroic1785

Patagonian1786

seven-league1787

Titan1793

gigantic1797

seven-leagued1799

mammoth1801

dimensionless1813

tremendous1813

gigantesque1821

monster1837

titanesque1838

monstre1840

giantlike1847

leviathanic1848

pythonic1851

Babylonic1853

supercolossal1871

giantesque1909

behemothian1910

supergiant1919

ginormous1942

big-ass1945

Ozymandian1961

fuck-off1962

mega1968

humongous1970

monstro1970

big-assed1972

big-arsed1996

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 123 Be I bot littill of stature, Thay call me catyve createure, And be I grit of quantetie, Thay call me monstrowis of nature.

1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Gvij^v They haue serpentes of monstrous greatnes.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 379 This man..in his Mairaltie had made great and monstreous stockes to emprison men in.

1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue lviii There is a monstrous hill in Sicill soyle.

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ix. 349 Of locustes there are..such monstrous swarmes..that [etc.].

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 197 Thus Satan..Lay floating..in bulk as huge As whom the Fables name of monstrous size, Titanian,..Briarios..or that Sea-beast Leviathan.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 129. ¶7 Dressed in a most monstrous Flaxen Periwig.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 150 I was equally confounded at the Sight of so many Pigmies..after having so long accustomed mine Eyes to the monstrous Objects I had left.

1818 T. Creevey in H. Maxwell Creevey Papers (1904) I. 277 Dined at Lord Hill's with my young ladies..and a monstrous party.

1881 R. L. Stevenson Virginibus Puerisque 182 And even if death catch people, like an open pitfall..laying out vast projects, and planning monstrous foundations.

1925 J. Conrad Suspense i. i. 3 An enormous piece of ordnance that with three of its monstrous fellows squatted on the platform of the tower.

1958 Observer 27 Apr. 15/6 The..screen is a huge, incurved affair, rather like the other side of a monstrous broken cup.

2000 Denver Post 2 Sept. a42/1 A monstrous VW plant with its own highway exit cranks out 650 new Beetles..every day.

b. Of immaterial things.

ΚΠ

?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 136 They daunce with..monstrous thumping of the feete.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. ii. 31 It must be an answere of most monstrous size, that must fit all demands.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. ii. 206 I am much more inclined to doubt my own Courage; for I must run a monstrous Risque.

1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. xii. 337 Vast stones of monstrous weight set up end-wise.

1867 J. G. Rogers Priests & Sacram. v. 103 The power, indeed, is too monstrous for any man under heaven to exercise.

1931 H. Belloc Ess. Catholic Layman in Eng. viii. 174 I have seen one very monstrous Myth..explode. That was the Myth of Natural Selection.

1991 B. Okri Famished Road (1992) ii. viii. 147 A truck-puller.., straining under a monstrous weight of yams, would storm past.

†c. Extremely difficult or problematic. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 81 The right figures of both which Crystallines are monstrous, if not impossible, to find out.

a. Of (a part of) a person, animal, or plant: abnormally formed; spec. having a gross congenital malformation. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > abnormally formed

monstruousc1425

monstrous1530

the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [adjective] > involving abnormal growth or misshapen

monstruousc1425

misgrowna1450

monstrous1530

abortive1587

tetralogic1889

1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xxi. f. xxxviii^v None that hath any blemysh shall come nere: whether he be blynde, lame, snot nosed, or that hath any monstrous membre.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 57 The partys in proportyon not agreyng..make in thys polytyke body grete & monstrose deformyte.

1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 136^v How these children issue from the bellie of theyr mother monstrous and deformed.

1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 143 A degenerate Garlick growen monstrous.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 23 They are as little brought forth after the nature of man, as prodigious and monstrous bodies.

1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 257 We sometimes read and hear of Monstrous Births.

1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 32 A sensual, unreflecting Life is big With monstrous Births.

1791 Philos. Trans. 1790 (Royal Soc.) 80 296 The..double skull of a monstrous child.

1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 307 Certain monstrous fœtuses, acephalous and others, have been seen destitute of all the muscles.

1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xviii. 233 It was a mingling of the law and the gospel; which, like all unnatural unions, produced a monstrous birth.

1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 119/2 (caption) Proliferous or monstrous rose.

1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xx. 403 In the united bodies of monstrous twins the asymmetry of one member of the pair is usually reversed.

1993 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Genetics 47 7 In the sixteenth century..naturalistic theories of generation were joined to ideas that monstrous births were divine signs.

†b. In weakened use: unnatural or extraordinary in form; misshapen. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses ix. 133 In which kept house A man in shape, immane, and monsterous.

1688 in A. Wood Life 28 July (1894) III. 273 A monstrous young woman,..whose shapes is very wonderful.

a. Like or befitting a monster; inhumanly wicked or depraved; atrocious, horrible. In later use frequently hyperbolical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > heinousness > [adjective]

awlyc1200

grievousa1300

grilla1300

uglya1300

strongc1300

outrageousa1325

heinousc1374

excessive1393

curseda1400

fella1400

misshapenc1400

rankc1400

monstruousc1425

enorm1481

prodigiousc1487

villainous1489

nefand1490

sceleratea1513

monstrous1531

funestal1538

enormious1545

facinorous1548

flagitious1550

dire1567

bonable1575

felonious1575

bomination1589

unvenial?1589

heathenish1592

enormous1593

villainous1598

nameless1611

pitchy1612

funest1636

funestous1641

scarleta1643

nefandous1649

aversable1663

atrocious1669

frightful1700

flagrant1706

atrocea1734

diabolical1750

unspeakable1831

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > extremely wicked

deepOE

blackOE

outrageousa1325

heinousc1374

flagitiousc1384

excessive1393

rankc1400

enorm1481

prodigiousc1487

villainous1489

terriblec1510

sceleratea1513

monstrous1531

enormious1545

facinorous1548

monstruous1562

felonious1575

enormous1593

facinoriousa1616

rounda1638

scarlet1710

facinerose1727

atrocious1772

outraging1895

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. vi. sig. aiii^v O what monstrus persones haue we radde and herde of.

c1540 Image Ipocrysy ii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 428 Thou arte so monstrous..Proude and surquedrous.

1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 32 His cruell murther ȝe will call monsterous.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iv. 51 Shall I endure this monstrous villanie?

1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. D2^v What made you shew such monstrous crueltie?

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 173 Qu. Thou monstrous slanderer of heauen and earth. Con. Thou monstrous Iniurer of heauen and earth.

a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 22 No man at first is monstrous.

1719 Free-thinker No. 109. 1 The Eldest..devised a Monstrous Calumny to ruin his Brother.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. iv. 86 The monstrous vices of the son, have cast a shade on the purity of the father's virtues.

1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. ii. 86 To pursue this monstrous crime By the severest forms of law.

1858 J. G. Holland Titcomb's Lett. viii. 159 So I say that a godless woman is a monstrous woman.

1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux II. ix. 71 Lord Chiltern..continued to pour forth unabating execrations on the monstrous malignity of the accusers.

1903 H. James Ambassadors x. xxvii. 362 He saw..that he would have been held less monstrous had he only been a little wilder.

1983 M. S. Power Hunt for Autumn Clowns 154 The stories fly in every day about your monstrous behaviour.

2000 Internet Money No. 15. 34/2 The government defends its position..by saying it is necessary to defend the British public against monstrous criminal acts.

b. Outrageously wrong or absurd. Used esp. in expressing indignation, consternation, or contempt.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > absurdity, incongruity > [adjective]

impertinenta1425

royeta1522

absurd1531

preposterous1533

ridiculous1533

deaf?1541

monstrous?1549

fabulous1561

fanatical1598

fantastical1600

laughable1600

fantasticc1616

nonsense1621

arsy-versy1628

absonous1642

nonsensical1645

ridicule?1669

fancical1671

grotesque1747

rich1836

saugrenu1876

laughsome1884

cockeyed1894

hilarious1925

Rube Goldberg1928

whimsy-whamsy1931

Rube Goldbergian1933

cockamamie1941

fantasticated1960

fanciful-

?1549 tr. Plutarch Gouernance of Good Helthe sig. Aii^v So sore haue I wrasteled almoste in euery lyne with monsterous lyes.

1574 J. Baret Aluearie E. sig. Xv^v What a monstrous absurditie is this, that E...should haue neither sounde nor signification.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §15 What monstrous arrogancy would it be in any man to think there is a mind and reason in himself and that there is none in the world?

1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise iii. i. 23 To spread your monstrous Lyes, and sow Sedition.

1715 J. Addison Freeholder No. 7. ⁋4 So many absurd and monstrous falshoods.

1779 H. Cowley Who's the Dupe? i. 10 Was ever any thing so monstrous! I ask for a Compliment, and you begin an Oration.

1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. viii. 306 Monstrous would be the supposition that an injury could be repaired by a compensation provided at the cost of Him who had been injured.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. i. 5 The monstrous fact of Christian persecution.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxv. 371 A monstrous system of bribery.

1973 C. C. Trench George II xiii. 205 It was monstrous that the Spaniards should continue to regard the Caribbean as their private lake.

1999 Times 16 July 39/1 What might be called a snail's pace, were that not a monstrous slur on the mobility of our gastropodous friends.

6. Used as a colloquial intensifier: very great, excessive, ‘tremendous’. Now rare (U.S. regional). Cf. sense A. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme

strangec1380

overpassinga1382

passinga1387

most?c1430

extremec1460

horriblea1464

violenta1500

mainc1540

immortal?c1550

exquisite1552

sore1555

three-piled1598

thundering1618

devilish1639

shrewda1643

deadly1660

woundy1681

vast1696

monstrous1711

mortal1716

terrific1743

hell-fired1754

hellish1764

colossal1794

severe1805

awful1818

all-fired1829

terrible1829

quare and1847

ferocious1877

pluperfect1889

raging1889

giddy1896

utter1898

stiff1905

1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 Feb. (1948) I. 182 We have a monstrous deal of snow.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 29 May (1965) I. 361 The Greeks have most monstrous taste in their pictures, which for more finery are allways drawn upon a gold Ground.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. i. iii. 39 After all this monstrous fatigue, I was forced to have my hair dressed by my own maid.

1782 J. Wolcot in J. J. Rogers Opie & his Wks. (1878) 22 West the famous painter, a monstrous favourite of George's.

1825 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 26 Nov. 548 Here is a monstrous deal of vanity and egotism.

1858 in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. (1983) lxx. 42 It took her a monstrous while to get it.

1929 Amer. Speech 5 127 A person might be ‘a great hand to make a poor mouth’ (an expression of discouragement) or a ‘monstrous worker’.

B. adv.

Used as an intensifier: exceedingly, excessively, very. Now archaic or regional. Cf. mighty adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly

swithlyc888

micklelyeOE

swith971

hardOE

un-i-fohOE

sevenfoldlOE

unmeet?c1225

innerlyc1330

horribly1340

too1340

sore1474

horriblec1475

vehemently1483

outrageous1487

done?a1513

exquisite1529

strangely1532

exceeding1535

exceedingly1535

angardlyc1540

angerlyc1540

choicec1540

vengeable1542

vengeably?1550

extremelya1554

monstrous1569

thrice1579

amain1587

extremea1591

damnably1598

fellc1600

tyrannically1602

exquisitely1603

damnedly1607

preciously1607

damnablea1616

impensively1620

excellingly1621

main1632

fearful1634

vengeancelya1640

upsy1650

impensely1657

twadding1657

vastly1664

hideous1667

mainly1670

consumed1707

consumedly1707

outrageously1749

damned1757

nation1771

shockingly1777

deuced1779

darn1789

darned1807

felly1807

varsal1814

awful1816

awfy1816

frightfully1816

deucedly1819

dogged1819

awfully1820

gallowsa1823

shocking1831

tremendously1832

everlasting1833

terribly1833

fearfully1835

ripping1838

poison1840

thundering1853

frighteninglyc1854

raring1854

hell's own1863

goldarned1866

goddamned1870

doggone1871

acutely1872

whooping1874

stupidly1878

everlastingly1879

hideously1882

densely1883

storming1883

good and1885

thunderingly1885

crazy1887

tremendous1887

madly1888

goldarn1892

howling1895

murderously1916

rasted1919

goddam1921

bitchingly1923

Christly1923

bitching1929

falling-down1930

lousy1932

appallingly1937

stratospherically1941

Christ almighty1945

effing1945

focking1956

dagnab1961

drop-dead1980

hella1987

totes2006

1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 82 He became so monstrous huge and fat, that he durst not shewe himself to the people, for feare of contempt.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. ii. 47 Ile speake in a monstrous little voice.

1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 262 I cannot but feare he may doe this monstrous vnhappy act.

1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 6 Dec. (1948) I. 114 It is such monstrous rainy weather, that there is no doing with it.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. i. v. 73 She's a monstrous shocking dresser.

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xiv. 191 The most monstrous clever young man.

1840 F. Trollope Widow Married I. xii. 313 I think we shall be monstrous good friends.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xvi. 122 Behind a monstrous long raft.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 386 A monstrous fine bit of cowflesh!

1972 P. O'Brian Post Captain iv. 80 He mentioned some monstrous rare pippit or titmouse that lives here.

1993 E. Bloom & L. Bloom Piozzi Lett. III. 401 A Colewart so monstrous huge that five hundred men on horseback might stand in her shade.

C. int.

Expressing astonishment, consternation, horror, etc. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 223 O monstrous! eleuen Buckrom men growne out of two.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. i. 99 O monstrous! O strange! We are haunted.

1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iv. iv. 40 O bless me! O monstrous! A Prayer-Book?

1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph 161 Monstrous! cried I. Your prejudice makes you believe every cruel tale you may have heard.

1839 Congress. Globe Jan. App. 104/2 A thousand of the wasp-waisted gentry to quell the Democracy of Pennsylvania—monstrous!!!

1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent vi. 155 Other voices..murmured hasty compassion. ‘Quite startling’, ‘Monstrous’, ‘Most painful to see’.

D. n.

With the: that which is monstrous in nature or appearance.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being horrible > [noun] > person or thing which inspires horror

horrible1726

monstrous1742

horrification1801

thing1822

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. Pref. p. x The Monstrous is much easier to paint than describe.

1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman x. 345 Not able to distinguish the possible from the monstrous, they fear where no fear should find a place.

1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 15 Nor would he shun her sullen look, nor monstrous hold The doer of the monstrous.

1904 H. James Golden Bowl II. xxxvi. 239 That fascination of the monstrous, that temptation of the horribly possible.

1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 49/2 A certain taste for the maimed and the monstrous hint faintly..at an echo of the proto-Olmec mind.

1990 J. Park Brit. Cinema vi. 111 Hammer was too much a market-led company to encourage fresh approaches to the monstrous.

Compounds

C1.

† monstrous-kinded adj. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid (1562) viii. sig. Cc.ij^v All monstrous kynded gods.

C2.

† monstrous craw n. Obsolete (a) (a person having) the enlarged neck caused by a goitre; (b) a large lace or muslin cravat covering the throat and chest and fashionable in the late 18th cent. (cf. craw n. 3b).

ΚΠ

1787 H. Walpole Let. 6 Sept. in Corr. (1965) XXXIII. 571 The principal babe [in Reynold's Hercules] put me in mind of what I read so often, but have not seen, the monstrous craws.

1790 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 135 Now, at his word, th' obedient muslin swells, And beaux, with ‘Monstrous Craws’, peep out at pouting belles.

a1825 A. L. Barbauld Legacy for Young Ladies (1826) 167 The throat was increased to the same size with the poor objects once exhibited under the name of the monstrous Craws.

monstrous pippin n. now historical the American apple variety Gloria Mundi, which has very large yellow fruits used for cooking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of

costardc1390

bitter-sweet1393

Queening?1435

richardine?1435

blaundrellc1440

pear apple1440

tuberc1440

quarrendenc1450

birtle1483

deusan1570

apple-john1572

Richard1572

lording1573

greening1577

queen apple1579

peeler1580

darling1584

doucin1584

golding1589

puffin1589

lady's longing1591

bitter-sweeting1597

pearmain1597

paradise apple1598

garden globe1600

gastlet1600

leather-coat1600

maligar1600

pome-paradise1601

French pippin1629

gillyflower1629

king apple1635

lady apple1651

golden pippin1654

goldling1655

puff1655

cardinal1658

green fillet1662

chestnut1664

cinnamon apple1664

fenouil1664

go-no-further1664

Westbury apple1664

seek-no-farther1670

nonsuch1676

calville1691

passe-pomme1691

fennel apple1699

queen1699

genet1706

fig-apple1707

oaken pin1707

nonpareil1726

costing1731

monstrous reinette1731

Newtown pippin1760

Ribston1782

Rhode Island greening1795

oslin1801

fall pippin1803

monstrous pippin1817

Newtown Spitzenburg1817

Gravenstein1821

Red Astrachan1822

Tolman sweet1822

grange apple1823

orange pippin1823

Baldwin1826

Sturmer Pippin1831

Newtowner1846

Northern Spy1847

Blenheim Orange1860

Cox1860

McIntosh Red1876

Worcester1877

raspberry apple1894

delicious1898

Laxton's Superb1920

Macoun1924

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of

costardc1390

bitter-sweet1393

pippin?1435

pomewater?1435

Queening?1435

richardine?1435

blaundrellc1440

pear apple1440

tuberc1440

quarrendenc1450

birtle1483

sweeting1530

pomeroyal1534

renneta1568

deusan1570

apple-john1572

Richard1572

lording1573

russeting1573

greening1577

queen apple1579

peeler1580

reinette1582

darling1584

doucin1584

golding1589

puffin1589

lady's longing1591

bitter-sweeting1597

pearmain1597

paradise apple1598

garden globe1600

gastlet1600

leather-coat1600

maligar1600

pomeroy1600

short-start1600

jenneting1601

pome-paradise1601

russet coat1602

John apple1604

honey apple1611

honeymeal1611

musk apple1611

short-shank1611

spice apple1611

French pippin1629

king apple1635

lady apple1651

golden pippin1654

goldling1655

puff1655

cardinal1658

renneting1658

green fillet1662

chestnut1664

cinnamon apple1664

fenouil1664

go-no-further1664

reinetting1664

Westbury apple1664

seek-no-farther1670

nonsuch1676

white-wining1676

russet1686

calville1691

fennel apple1699

queen1699

genet1706

fig-apple1707

oaken pin1707

musk1708

nonpareil1726

costing1731

monstrous reinette1731

Newtown pippin1760

Ribston1782

Rhode Island greening1795

oslin1801

wine apple1802

fall pippin1803

monstrous pippin1817

Newtown Spitzenburg1817

Gravenstein1821

Red Astrachan1822

Tolman sweet1822

grange apple1823

orange pippin1823

Baldwin1826

wine-sap1826

Jonathan1831

Sturmer Pippin1831

rusty-coat1843

Newtowner1846

Northern Spy1847

Cornish gilliflowerc1850

Blenheim Orange1860

Cox1860

nutmeg pippin1860

McIntosh Red1876

Worcester1877

raspberry apple1894

delicious1898

Laxton's Superb1920

Melba apple1928

Melba1933

Mutsu1951

Newtown1953

discovery1964

1817 W. Coxe View Cultiv. Fruit Trees 117 Monstrous Pippin, or New-York Gloria Mundi.

1866 Debow's Rev. Oct. 407 Some of the varieties which have perfectly succeeded by the long trial are..the early harvest, sweet bough,..English russet, and monstrous pippin.

1896 L. H. Bailey Survival of Unlike xxiv. 385 These persisting varieties [of apple] are as follows: Early Harvest, Summer Queen,..Monstrous Pippin, [etc.].

1993 J. Morgan & A. Richards Bk. Apples 212 Gloria Mundi... Syn[onym]s numerous, include Monstrous Pippin, Ox Apple.

† monstrous reinette n. Obsolete a very large variety of rennet, used as a cooking and dessert apple.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of

costardc1390

bitter-sweet1393

Queening?1435

richardine?1435

blaundrellc1440

pear apple1440

tuberc1440

quarrendenc1450

birtle1483

deusan1570

apple-john1572

Richard1572

lording1573

greening1577

queen apple1579

peeler1580

darling1584

doucin1584

golding1589

puffin1589

lady's longing1591

bitter-sweeting1597

pearmain1597

paradise apple1598

garden globe1600

gastlet1600

leather-coat1600

maligar1600

pome-paradise1601

French pippin1629

gillyflower1629

king apple1635

lady apple1651

golden pippin1654

goldling1655

puff1655

cardinal1658

green fillet1662

chestnut1664

cinnamon apple1664

fenouil1664

go-no-further1664

Westbury apple1664

seek-no-farther1670

nonsuch1676

calville1691

passe-pomme1691

fennel apple1699

queen1699

genet1706

fig-apple1707

oaken pin1707

nonpareil1726

costing1731

monstrous reinette1731

Newtown pippin1760

Ribston1782

Rhode Island greening1795

oslin1801

fall pippin1803

monstrous pippin1817

Newtown Spitzenburg1817

Gravenstein1821

Red Astrachan1822

Tolman sweet1822

grange apple1823

orange pippin1823

Baldwin1826

Sturmer Pippin1831

Newtowner1846

Northern Spy1847

Blenheim Orange1860

Cox1860

McIntosh Red1876

Worcester1877

raspberry apple1894

delicious1898

Laxton's Superb1920

Macoun1924

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of

costardc1390

bitter-sweet1393

pippin?1435

pomewater?1435

Queening?1435

richardine?1435

blaundrellc1440

pear apple1440

tuberc1440

quarrendenc1450

birtle1483

sweeting1530

pomeroyal1534

renneta1568

deusan1570

apple-john1572

Richard1572

lording1573

russeting1573

greening1577

queen apple1579

peeler1580

reinette1582

darling1584

doucin1584

golding1589

puffin1589

lady's longing1591

bitter-sweeting1597

pearmain1597

paradise apple1598

garden globe1600

gastlet1600

leather-coat1600

maligar1600

pomeroy1600

short-start1600

jenneting1601

pome-paradise1601

russet coat1602

John apple1604

honey apple1611

honeymeal1611

musk apple1611

short-shank1611

spice apple1611

French pippin1629

king apple1635

lady apple1651

golden pippin1654

goldling1655

puff1655

cardinal1658

renneting1658

green fillet1662

chestnut1664

cinnamon apple1664

fenouil1664

go-no-further1664

reinetting1664

Westbury apple1664

seek-no-farther1670

nonsuch1676

white-wining1676

russet1686

calville1691

fennel apple1699

queen1699

genet1706

fig-apple1707

oaken pin1707

musk1708

nonpareil1726

costing1731

monstrous reinette1731

Newtown pippin1760

Ribston1782

Rhode Island greening1795

oslin1801

wine apple1802

fall pippin1803

monstrous pippin1817

Newtown Spitzenburg1817

Gravenstein1821

Red Astrachan1822

Tolman sweet1822

grange apple1823

orange pippin1823

Baldwin1826

wine-sap1826

Jonathan1831

Sturmer Pippin1831

rusty-coat1843

Newtowner1846

Northern Spy1847

Cornish gilliflowerc1850

Blenheim Orange1860

Cox1860

nutmeg pippin1860

McIntosh Red1876

Worcester1877

raspberry apple1894

delicious1898

Laxton's Superb1920

Melba apple1928

Melba1933

Mutsu1951

Newtown1953

discovery1964

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Apple A List of such Apples as are preferr'd for Kitchen Use..Monstrous Reinette.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XV. 721/1 Monstrous rennet.

1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) iii. i. 693 (table) Monstrous [rennet].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	monstrous
释义	monstrousadj.adv.int.n. Brit. /ˈmɒnstrəs/, U.S. /ˈmɑnstrəs/ Forms: late Middle English monstrows, late Middle English monstruse, late Middle English– monstrous, 1500s monsterouse, 1500s monsterus, 1500s monstreous, 1500s monstrons (transmission error), 1500s monstrose, 1500s monstrus, 1500s montrouse (transmission error), 1500s–1600s monstrouse, 1500s–1700s monsterous, 1600s monsterews; Scottish pre-1700 monsterous, pre-1700 monsterus, pre-1700 monstros, pre-1700 munstrous, pre-1700 munstrus, pre-1700 1700s– monstrous. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French monstreux. Etymology: < Middle French, French monstreux (13th cent. in Old French as monstereux ; now rare) < classical Latin mōnstrōsus portentous, unnatural, strange (see note s.v. monstruous adj.) < mōnstrum monster n. + -ōsus -ous suffix. Compare Italian mostroso (16th cent.; earlier also monstroso ), Spanish monstroso (1587 in an isolated attestation). Compare earlier monstruous adj. A. adj. †1. a. Of a thing (material or immaterial): deviating from the natural or conventional order; unnatural, extraordinary. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > abnormal or unnatural wicked13.. innaturalc1400 monstruousc1425 wick?c1425 disnaturalc1430 monstrousa1464 unnatural1516 natureless1548 prodigious1569 non-natural1650 disnatured1764 a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 24 Zorastes, whan he was bore, low as no child ded but he, and þis lawhing was no tokne of good, for it was monstrows, þat is to seyn ageyn cours of kynde. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Di A sodein monstrous maruel fell. 1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 83 It seemeth a very straunge and a monstrous maner of speaking thus to say: I liue, I liue not: I am dead, I am not dead [etc.]. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 17 It is a thing monstrous, to put it [sc. the temporal sword] into the hands of the Common People. a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) i. 9 That Vice may be uneasy and even monstrous unto thee, let iterated good Acts..make Virtue..a second nature in thee. 1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother ii. ii. 924 More monstrous Tales have oft amus'd the Vulgar. 1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) i. xv. 2 His Diadem was neither brass nor rust, But monstrous Metal of them both begot. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 56 That there are Instances of an Approbation of Vice,..for its own sake,..is evidently monstrous. b. Of a person: strange or unnatural in conduct or disposition. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > not conforming to standard behaviour irregular1395 unformalc1449 informalc1475 disordered1561 monstrous1568 odd1577 irregulate1579 exorbitant1613 free-spirited1613 exorbitating1632 inconformable1633 extravagant1650 inconform1659 eccentric1685 unconformable1702 outrageous1778 unconventional1840 erratic1841 kinky1844 Bohemian1846 radical1869 Bohemic1874 nonconforming1899 hard case1904 jazz1917 offbeat1922 deviant1935 deviate1945 oddball1945 left field1951 way out1955 boho1958 non-conformant1960 sideways1969 1568 Bible (Bishops') Zech. iii. 8 They are monstrous persons. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 39^v Pasiphae so monstrous to loue a Bull. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 66^v An Atheyst, a man in my opinion monstrous. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 46 Hee's flung in Rage from this ingratefull Seate Of monstrous Friends. View more context for this quotation 1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 165 And in her fashion she is likewise thus, In euery thing she must be monstrous. 1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 137 I must appear to them..uncivill and monstrous. 2. a. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a monster (monster n. 1a); having the appearance or nature of a monster, esp. in being hideous or frightening. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [adjective] monstruousc1425 monstrousa1475 manxome1871 a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 13702 (MED) I sawh a wekke, Old and hydous, Off look and cher ryht monstrous, Pyled and seynt as any kaat, And moosy-heryd as a raat. c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 325 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 86 This is the woman..whom Iohn saw..syting apon a monsterus best. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) vi. 141 Castours and whyte beares, & other monsterous beastes. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. D2^v Were that tamburlaine As monstrous as Gorgon, prince of Hell, The Souldane would not start a foot from him. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 113 Adorned with the statues of gods and men; with other monstrous resemblances. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 625 Nature breeds, Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things..Gorgons and Hydra's, and Chimera's dire. View more context for this quotation 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 338 Their monstrous Idol. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. liii. 266 Their..Demi-gods are, some of human Shape, some of monstrous Figures. 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. vi. 210 On its confines are the haunts of the monstrous Chimæra, and the territory of the Amazons. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 418 Long-necked dragons..And many another monstrous nameless thing. 1909 R. Bridges Ibant Obscuri in New Q. Jan. 22 [ Aeneid 6. 286] And many strange creatures of monstrous form and features Stable about th' entrance. 1999 J. Leigh Hunter (2000) 53 Strange, that an animal with such a monstrous gaping jaw should possess so feeble a voice. †b. Chiefly poetic. Containing many monsters. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > hybrid creature or monster > [adjective] > abounding in monstrous1638 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 24 in Justa Edouardo King Where thou..under the humming tide Visit'st the bottom of the monstrous world. 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 658 Must I the warriors weep, Whelm'd in the bottom of the monstrous deep? 1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 108 The mighty deeps, The monstrous sea is thine. 3. a. Of unnaturally or extraordinarily large dimensions; gigantic, immense, enormous. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > huge unmeeteOE unmeetlyOE hugea1275 hideousc1330 infinitec1385 unmeasureda1398 unmeasurablec1405 hugyc1420 immeasurable1440 ingentc1450 unmeetlyc1450 giant1480 immense1490 monstrous?a1513 unmeasurely1513 hugeousa1529 unportable1537 enormous1544 enormc1560 giantly1561 immensible1579 rouncival1582 dismeasured1584 vast1585 immeasured1590 gargantuan1596 omnipotent1596 colossian1601 immane1601 prodigious1601 Polyphemian1602 Titanian1603 titanical1603 gigantical1604 immensive1604 gigantine1605 colossic1607 gigantean1611 Gogmagotical1612 gigantal?1614 Babylonian1617 leviathan1625 titanic1628 elephantine1631 gigantive1638 colossean1644 decumanal1652 immensurate1654 gigant1658 decuman1659 colossal1664 abnormous1710 Brobdingnagian1728 Brobdingnag1731 Pantagruelian1737 heroic1785 Patagonian1786 seven-league1787 Titan1793 gigantic1797 seven-leagued1799 mammoth1801 dimensionless1813 tremendous1813 gigantesque1821 monster1837 titanesque1838 monstre1840 giantlike1847 leviathanic1848 pythonic1851 Babylonic1853 supercolossal1871 giantesque1909 behemothian1910 supergiant1919 ginormous1942 big-ass1945 Ozymandian1961 fuck-off1962 mega1968 humongous1970 monstro1970 big-assed1972 big-arsed1996 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 123 Be I bot littill of stature, Thay call me catyve createure, And be I grit of quantetie, Thay call me monstrowis of nature. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Gvij^v They haue serpentes of monstrous greatnes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 379 This man..in his Mairaltie had made great and monstreous stockes to emprison men in. 1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue lviii There is a monstrous hill in Sicill soyle. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ix. 349 Of locustes there are..such monstrous swarmes..that [etc.]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 197 Thus Satan..Lay floating..in bulk as huge As whom the Fables name of monstrous size, Titanian,..Briarios..or that Sea-beast Leviathan. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 129. ¶7 Dressed in a most monstrous Flaxen Periwig. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 150 I was equally confounded at the Sight of so many Pigmies..after having so long accustomed mine Eyes to the monstrous Objects I had left. 1818 T. Creevey in H. Maxwell Creevey Papers (1904) I. 277 Dined at Lord Hill's with my young ladies..and a monstrous party. 1881 R. L. Stevenson Virginibus Puerisque 182 And even if death catch people, like an open pitfall..laying out vast projects, and planning monstrous foundations. 1925 J. Conrad Suspense i. i. 3 An enormous piece of ordnance that with three of its monstrous fellows squatted on the platform of the tower. 1958 Observer 27 Apr. 15/6 The..screen is a huge, incurved affair, rather like the other side of a monstrous broken cup. 2000 Denver Post 2 Sept. a42/1 A monstrous VW plant with its own highway exit cranks out 650 new Beetles..every day. b. Of immaterial things. ΚΠ ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 136 They daunce with..monstrous thumping of the feete. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. ii. 31 It must be an answere of most monstrous size, that must fit all demands. View more context for this quotation 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xv. ii. 206 I am much more inclined to doubt my own Courage; for I must run a monstrous Risque. View more context for this quotation 1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. I. xii. 337 Vast stones of monstrous weight set up end-wise. 1867 J. G. Rogers Priests & Sacram. v. 103 The power, indeed, is too monstrous for any man under heaven to exercise. 1931 H. Belloc Ess. Catholic Layman in Eng. viii. 174 I have seen one very monstrous Myth..explode. That was the Myth of Natural Selection. 1991 B. Okri Famished Road (1992) ii. viii. 147 A truck-puller.., straining under a monstrous weight of yams, would storm past. †c. Extremely difficult or problematic. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 81 The right figures of both which Crystallines are monstrous, if not impossible, to find out. 4. a. Of (a part of) a person, animal, or plant: abnormally formed; spec. having a gross congenital malformation. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [adjective] > abnormally formed monstruousc1425 monstrous1530 the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [adjective] > involving abnormal growth or misshapen monstruousc1425 misgrowna1450 monstrous1530 abortive1587 tetralogic1889 1530 Bible (Tyndale) Lev. xxi. f. xxxviii^v None that hath any blemysh shall come nere: whether he be blynde, lame, snot nosed, or that hath any monstrous membre. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 57 The partys in proportyon not agreyng..make in thys polytyke body grete & monstrose deformyte. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 136^v How these children issue from the bellie of theyr mother monstrous and deformed. 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 143 A degenerate Garlick growen monstrous. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 23 They are as little brought forth after the nature of man, as prodigious and monstrous bodies. 1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 257 We sometimes read and hear of Monstrous Births. 1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 32 A sensual, unreflecting Life is big With monstrous Births. 1791 Philos. Trans. 1790 (Royal Soc.) 80 296 The..double skull of a monstrous child. 1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 307 Certain monstrous fœtuses, acephalous and others, have been seen destitute of all the muscles. 1875 E. White Life in Christ (1878) iii. xviii. 233 It was a mingling of the law and the gospel; which, like all unnatural unions, produced a monstrous birth. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 119/2 (caption) Proliferous or monstrous rose. 1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xx. 403 In the united bodies of monstrous twins the asymmetry of one member of the pair is usually reversed. 1993 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Genetics 47 7 In the sixteenth century..naturalistic theories of generation were joined to ideas that monstrous births were divine signs. †b. In weakened use: unnatural or extraordinary in form; misshapen. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses ix. 133 In which kept house A man in shape, immane, and monsterous. 1688 in A. Wood Life 28 July (1894) III. 273 A monstrous young woman,..whose shapes is very wonderful. 5. a. Like or befitting a monster; inhumanly wicked or depraved; atrocious, horrible. In later use frequently hyperbolical. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > heinousness > [adjective] awlyc1200 grievousa1300 grilla1300 uglya1300 strongc1300 outrageousa1325 heinousc1374 excessive1393 curseda1400 fella1400 misshapenc1400 rankc1400 monstruousc1425 enorm1481 prodigiousc1487 villainous1489 nefand1490 sceleratea1513 monstrous1531 funestal1538 enormious1545 facinorous1548 flagitious1550 dire1567 bonable1575 felonious1575 bomination1589 unvenial?1589 heathenish1592 enormous1593 villainous1598 nameless1611 pitchy1612 funest1636 funestous1641 scarleta1643 nefandous1649 aversable1663 atrocious1669 frightful1700 flagrant1706 atrocea1734 diabolical1750 unspeakable1831 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > extremely wicked deepOE blackOE outrageousa1325 heinousc1374 flagitiousc1384 excessive1393 rankc1400 enorm1481 prodigiousc1487 villainous1489 terriblec1510 sceleratea1513 monstrous1531 enormious1545 facinorous1548 monstruous1562 felonious1575 enormous1593 facinoriousa1616 rounda1638 scarlet1710 facinerose1727 atrocious1772 outraging1895 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. vi. sig. aiii^v O what monstrus persones haue we radde and herde of. c1540 Image Ipocrysy ii, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 428 Thou arte so monstrous..Proude and surquedrous. 1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 32 His cruell murther ȝe will call monsterous. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iv. 51 Shall I endure this monstrous villanie? View more context for this quotation 1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. D2^v What made you shew such monstrous crueltie? a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 173 Qu. Thou monstrous slanderer of heauen and earth. Con. Thou monstrous Iniurer of heauen and earth. View more context for this quotation a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 22 No man at first is monstrous. 1719 Free-thinker No. 109. 1 The Eldest..devised a Monstrous Calumny to ruin his Brother. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. iv. 86 The monstrous vices of the son, have cast a shade on the purity of the father's virtues. 1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. ii. 86 To pursue this monstrous crime By the severest forms of law. 1858 J. G. Holland Titcomb's Lett. viii. 159 So I say that a godless woman is a monstrous woman. 1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux II. ix. 71 Lord Chiltern..continued to pour forth unabating execrations on the monstrous malignity of the accusers. 1903 H. James Ambassadors x. xxvii. 362 He saw..that he would have been held less monstrous had he only been a little wilder. 1983 M. S. Power Hunt for Autumn Clowns 154 The stories fly in every day about your monstrous behaviour. 2000 Internet Money No. 15. 34/2 The government defends its position..by saying it is necessary to defend the British public against monstrous criminal acts. b. Outrageously wrong or absurd. Used esp. in expressing indignation, consternation, or contempt. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > absurdity, incongruity > [adjective] impertinenta1425 royeta1522 absurd1531 preposterous1533 ridiculous1533 deaf?1541 monstrous?1549 fabulous1561 fanatical1598 fantastical1600 laughable1600 fantasticc1616 nonsense1621 arsy-versy1628 absonous1642 nonsensical1645 ridicule?1669 fancical1671 grotesque1747 rich1836 saugrenu1876 laughsome1884 cockeyed1894 hilarious1925 Rube Goldberg1928 whimsy-whamsy1931 Rube Goldbergian1933 cockamamie1941 fantasticated1960 fanciful- ?1549 tr. Plutarch Gouernance of Good Helthe sig. Aii^v So sore haue I wrasteled almoste in euery lyne with monsterous lyes. 1574 J. Baret Aluearie E. sig. Xv^v What a monstrous absurditie is this, that E...should haue neither sounde nor signification. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §15 What monstrous arrogancy would it be in any man to think there is a mind and reason in himself and that there is none in the world? 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise iii. i. 23 To spread your monstrous Lyes, and sow Sedition. 1715 J. Addison Freeholder No. 7. ⁋4 So many absurd and monstrous falshoods. 1779 H. Cowley Who's the Dupe? i. 10 Was ever any thing so monstrous! I ask for a Compliment, and you begin an Oration. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. viii. 306 Monstrous would be the supposition that an injury could be repaired by a compensation provided at the cost of Him who had been injured. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. i. 5 The monstrous fact of Christian persecution. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxv. 371 A monstrous system of bribery. 1973 C. C. Trench George II xiii. 205 It was monstrous that the Spaniards should continue to regard the Caribbean as their private lake. 1999 Times 16 July 39/1 What might be called a snail's pace, were that not a monstrous slur on the mobility of our gastropodous friends. 6. Used as a colloquial intensifier: very great, excessive, ‘tremendous’. Now rare (U.S. regional). Cf. sense A. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme strangec1380 overpassinga1382 passinga1387 most?c1430 extremec1460 horriblea1464 violenta1500 mainc1540 immortal?c1550 exquisite1552 sore1555 three-piled1598 thundering1618 devilish1639 shrewda1643 deadly1660 woundy1681 vast1696 monstrous1711 mortal1716 terrific1743 hell-fired1754 hellish1764 colossal1794 severe1805 awful1818 all-fired1829 terrible1829 quare and1847 ferocious1877 pluperfect1889 raging1889 giddy1896 utter1898 stiff1905 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 Feb. (1948) I. 182 We have a monstrous deal of snow. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 29 May (1965) I. 361 The Greeks have most monstrous taste in their pictures, which for more finery are allways drawn upon a gold Ground. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. i. iii. 39 After all this monstrous fatigue, I was forced to have my hair dressed by my own maid. 1782 J. Wolcot in J. J. Rogers Opie & his Wks. (1878) 22 West the famous painter, a monstrous favourite of George's. 1825 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 26 Nov. 548 Here is a monstrous deal of vanity and egotism. 1858 in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. (1983) lxx. 42 It took her a monstrous while to get it. 1929 Amer. Speech 5 127 A person might be ‘a great hand to make a poor mouth’ (an expression of discouragement) or a ‘monstrous worker’. B. adv. Used as an intensifier: exceedingly, excessively, very. Now archaic or regional. Cf. mighty adv. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly swithlyc888 micklelyeOE swith971 hardOE un-i-fohOE sevenfoldlOE unmeet?c1225 innerlyc1330 horribly1340 too1340 sore1474 horriblec1475 vehemently1483 outrageous1487 done?a1513 exquisite1529 strangely1532 exceeding1535 exceedingly1535 angardlyc1540 angerlyc1540 choicec1540 vengeable1542 vengeably?1550 extremelya1554 monstrous1569 thrice1579 amain1587 extremea1591 damnably1598 fellc1600 tyrannically1602 exquisitely1603 damnedly1607 preciously1607 damnablea1616 impensively1620 excellingly1621 main1632 fearful1634 vengeancelya1640 upsy1650 impensely1657 twadding1657 vastly1664 hideous1667 mainly1670 consumed1707 consumedly1707 outrageously1749 damned1757 nation1771 shockingly1777 deuced1779 darn1789 darned1807 felly1807 varsal1814 awful1816 awfy1816 frightfully1816 deucedly1819 dogged1819 awfully1820 gallowsa1823 shocking1831 tremendously1832 everlasting1833 terribly1833 fearfully1835 ripping1838 poison1840 thundering1853 frighteninglyc1854 raring1854 hell's own1863 goldarned1866 goddamned1870 doggone1871 acutely1872 whooping1874 stupidly1878 everlastingly1879 hideously1882 densely1883 storming1883 good and1885 thunderingly1885 crazy1887 tremendous1887 madly1888 goldarn1892 howling1895 murderously1916 rasted1919 goddam1921 bitchingly1923 Christly1923 bitching1929 falling-down1930 lousy1932 appallingly1937 stratospherically1941 Christ almighty1945 effing1945 focking1956 dagnab1961 drop-dead1980 hella1987 totes2006 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 82 He became so monstrous huge and fat, that he durst not shewe himself to the people, for feare of contempt. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. ii. 47 Ile speake in a monstrous little voice. View more context for this quotation 1655 in E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 262 I cannot but feare he may doe this monstrous vnhappy act. 1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 6 Dec. (1948) I. 114 It is such monstrous rainy weather, that there is no doing with it. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia I. i. v. 73 She's a monstrous shocking dresser. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xiv. 191 The most monstrous clever young man. 1840 F. Trollope Widow Married I. xii. 313 I think we shall be monstrous good friends. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xvi. 122 Behind a monstrous long raft. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 386 A monstrous fine bit of cowflesh! 1972 P. O'Brian Post Captain iv. 80 He mentioned some monstrous rare pippit or titmouse that lives here. 1993 E. Bloom & L. Bloom Piozzi Lett. III. 401 A Colewart so monstrous huge that five hundred men on horseback might stand in her shade. C. int. Expressing astonishment, consternation, horror, etc. Now rare. ΚΠ 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. v. 223 O monstrous! eleuen Buckrom men growne out of two. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. i. 99 O monstrous! O strange! We are haunted. View more context for this quotation 1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iv. iv. 40 O bless me! O monstrous! A Prayer-Book? 1761 F. Sheridan Mem. Miss Sidney Bidulph 161 Monstrous! cried I. Your prejudice makes you believe every cruel tale you may have heard. 1839 Congress. Globe Jan. App. 104/2 A thousand of the wasp-waisted gentry to quell the Democracy of Pennsylvania—monstrous!!! 1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent vi. 155 Other voices..murmured hasty compassion. ‘Quite startling’, ‘Monstrous’, ‘Most painful to see’. D. n. With the: that which is monstrous in nature or appearance. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being horrible > [noun] > person or thing which inspires horror horrible1726 monstrous1742 horrification1801 thing1822 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. Pref. p. x The Monstrous is much easier to paint than describe. View more context for this quotation 1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman x. 345 Not able to distinguish the possible from the monstrous, they fear where no fear should find a place. 1898 G. Meredith Odes French Hist. 15 Nor would he shun her sullen look, nor monstrous hold The doer of the monstrous. 1904 H. James Golden Bowl II. xxxvi. 239 That fascination of the monstrous, that temptation of the horribly possible. 1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 49/2 A certain taste for the maimed and the monstrous hint faintly..at an echo of the proto-Olmec mind. 1990 J. Park Brit. Cinema vi. 111 Hammer was too much a market-led company to encourage fresh approaches to the monstrous. Compounds C1. † monstrous-kinded adj. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Æneid (1562) viii. sig. Cc.ij^v All monstrous kynded gods. C2. † monstrous craw n. Obsolete (a) (a person having) the enlarged neck caused by a goitre; (b) a large lace or muslin cravat covering the throat and chest and fashionable in the late 18th cent. (cf. craw n. 3b). ΚΠ 1787 H. Walpole Let. 6 Sept. in Corr. (1965) XXXIII. 571 The principal babe [in Reynold's Hercules] put me in mind of what I read so often, but have not seen, the monstrous craws. 1790 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 135 Now, at his word, th' obedient muslin swells, And beaux, with ‘Monstrous Craws’, peep out at pouting belles. a1825 A. L. Barbauld Legacy for Young Ladies (1826) 167 The throat was increased to the same size with the poor objects once exhibited under the name of the monstrous Craws. monstrous pippin n. now historical the American apple variety Gloria Mundi, which has very large yellow fruits used for cooking. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of costardc1390 bitter-sweet1393 Queening?1435 richardine?1435 blaundrellc1440 pear apple1440 tuberc1440 quarrendenc1450 birtle1483 deusan1570 apple-john1572 Richard1572 lording1573 greening1577 queen apple1579 peeler1580 darling1584 doucin1584 golding1589 puffin1589 lady's longing1591 bitter-sweeting1597 pearmain1597 paradise apple1598 garden globe1600 gastlet1600 leather-coat1600 maligar1600 pome-paradise1601 French pippin1629 gillyflower1629 king apple1635 lady apple1651 golden pippin1654 goldling1655 puff1655 cardinal1658 green fillet1662 chestnut1664 cinnamon apple1664 fenouil1664 go-no-further1664 Westbury apple1664 seek-no-farther1670 nonsuch1676 calville1691 passe-pomme1691 fennel apple1699 queen1699 genet1706 fig-apple1707 oaken pin1707 nonpareil1726 costing1731 monstrous reinette1731 Newtown pippin1760 Ribston1782 Rhode Island greening1795 oslin1801 fall pippin1803 monstrous pippin1817 Newtown Spitzenburg1817 Gravenstein1821 Red Astrachan1822 Tolman sweet1822 grange apple1823 orange pippin1823 Baldwin1826 Sturmer Pippin1831 Newtowner1846 Northern Spy1847 Blenheim Orange1860 Cox1860 McIntosh Red1876 Worcester1877 raspberry apple1894 delicious1898 Laxton's Superb1920 Macoun1924 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of costardc1390 bitter-sweet1393 pippin?1435 pomewater?1435 Queening?1435 richardine?1435 blaundrellc1440 pear apple1440 tuberc1440 quarrendenc1450 birtle1483 sweeting1530 pomeroyal1534 renneta1568 deusan1570 apple-john1572 Richard1572 lording1573 russeting1573 greening1577 queen apple1579 peeler1580 reinette1582 darling1584 doucin1584 golding1589 puffin1589 lady's longing1591 bitter-sweeting1597 pearmain1597 paradise apple1598 garden globe1600 gastlet1600 leather-coat1600 maligar1600 pomeroy1600 short-start1600 jenneting1601 pome-paradise1601 russet coat1602 John apple1604 honey apple1611 honeymeal1611 musk apple1611 short-shank1611 spice apple1611 French pippin1629 king apple1635 lady apple1651 golden pippin1654 goldling1655 puff1655 cardinal1658 renneting1658 green fillet1662 chestnut1664 cinnamon apple1664 fenouil1664 go-no-further1664 reinetting1664 Westbury apple1664 seek-no-farther1670 nonsuch1676 white-wining1676 russet1686 calville1691 fennel apple1699 queen1699 genet1706 fig-apple1707 oaken pin1707 musk1708 nonpareil1726 costing1731 monstrous reinette1731 Newtown pippin1760 Ribston1782 Rhode Island greening1795 oslin1801 wine apple1802 fall pippin1803 monstrous pippin1817 Newtown Spitzenburg1817 Gravenstein1821 Red Astrachan1822 Tolman sweet1822 grange apple1823 orange pippin1823 Baldwin1826 wine-sap1826 Jonathan1831 Sturmer Pippin1831 rusty-coat1843 Newtowner1846 Northern Spy1847 Cornish gilliflowerc1850 Blenheim Orange1860 Cox1860 nutmeg pippin1860 McIntosh Red1876 Worcester1877 raspberry apple1894 delicious1898 Laxton's Superb1920 Melba apple1928 Melba1933 Mutsu1951 Newtown1953 discovery1964 1817 W. Coxe View Cultiv. Fruit Trees 117 Monstrous Pippin, or New-York Gloria Mundi. 1866 Debow's Rev. Oct. 407 Some of the varieties which have perfectly succeeded by the long trial are..the early harvest, sweet bough,..English russet, and monstrous pippin. 1896 L. H. Bailey Survival of Unlike xxiv. 385 These persisting varieties [of apple] are as follows: Early Harvest, Summer Queen,..Monstrous Pippin, [etc.]. 1993 J. Morgan & A. Richards Bk. Apples 212 Gloria Mundi... Syn[onym]s numerous, include Monstrous Pippin, Ox Apple. † monstrous reinette n. Obsolete a very large variety of rennet, used as a cooking and dessert apple. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of costardc1390 bitter-sweet1393 Queening?1435 richardine?1435 blaundrellc1440 pear apple1440 tuberc1440 quarrendenc1450 birtle1483 deusan1570 apple-john1572 Richard1572 lording1573 greening1577 queen apple1579 peeler1580 darling1584 doucin1584 golding1589 puffin1589 lady's longing1591 bitter-sweeting1597 pearmain1597 paradise apple1598 garden globe1600 gastlet1600 leather-coat1600 maligar1600 pome-paradise1601 French pippin1629 gillyflower1629 king apple1635 lady apple1651 golden pippin1654 goldling1655 puff1655 cardinal1658 green fillet1662 chestnut1664 cinnamon apple1664 fenouil1664 go-no-further1664 Westbury apple1664 seek-no-farther1670 nonsuch1676 calville1691 passe-pomme1691 fennel apple1699 queen1699 genet1706 fig-apple1707 oaken pin1707 nonpareil1726 costing1731 monstrous reinette1731 Newtown pippin1760 Ribston1782 Rhode Island greening1795 oslin1801 fall pippin1803 monstrous pippin1817 Newtown Spitzenburg1817 Gravenstein1821 Red Astrachan1822 Tolman sweet1822 grange apple1823 orange pippin1823 Baldwin1826 Sturmer Pippin1831 Newtowner1846 Northern Spy1847 Blenheim Orange1860 Cox1860 McIntosh Red1876 Worcester1877 raspberry apple1894 delicious1898 Laxton's Superb1920 Macoun1924 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of costardc1390 bitter-sweet1393 pippin?1435 pomewater?1435 Queening?1435 richardine?1435 blaundrellc1440 pear apple1440 tuberc1440 quarrendenc1450 birtle1483 sweeting1530 pomeroyal1534 renneta1568 deusan1570 apple-john1572 Richard1572 lording1573 russeting1573 greening1577 queen apple1579 peeler1580 reinette1582 darling1584 doucin1584 golding1589 puffin1589 lady's longing1591 bitter-sweeting1597 pearmain1597 paradise apple1598 garden globe1600 gastlet1600 leather-coat1600 maligar1600 pomeroy1600 short-start1600 jenneting1601 pome-paradise1601 russet coat1602 John apple1604 honey apple1611 honeymeal1611 musk apple1611 short-shank1611 spice apple1611 French pippin1629 king apple1635 lady apple1651 golden pippin1654 goldling1655 puff1655 cardinal1658 renneting1658 green fillet1662 chestnut1664 cinnamon apple1664 fenouil1664 go-no-further1664 reinetting1664 Westbury apple1664 seek-no-farther1670 nonsuch1676 white-wining1676 russet1686 calville1691 fennel apple1699 queen1699 genet1706 fig-apple1707 oaken pin1707 musk1708 nonpareil1726 costing1731 monstrous reinette1731 Newtown pippin1760 Ribston1782 Rhode Island greening1795 oslin1801 wine apple1802 fall pippin1803 monstrous pippin1817 Newtown Spitzenburg1817 Gravenstein1821 Red Astrachan1822 Tolman sweet1822 grange apple1823 orange pippin1823 Baldwin1826 wine-sap1826 Jonathan1831 Sturmer Pippin1831 rusty-coat1843 Newtowner1846 Northern Spy1847 Cornish gilliflowerc1850 Blenheim Orange1860 Cox1860 nutmeg pippin1860 McIntosh Red1876 Worcester1877 raspberry apple1894 delicious1898 Laxton's Superb1920 Melba apple1928 Melba1933 Mutsu1951 Newtown1953 discovery1964 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Apple A List of such Apples as are preferr'd for Kitchen Use..Monstrous Reinette. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XV. 721/1 Monstrous rennet. 1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) iii. i. 693 (table) Monstrous [rennet]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.adv.int.n.a1464
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