monumentn.

Brit.

/ˈmɒnjᵿm(ə)nt/, U.S.

/ˈmɑnjəm(ə)nt/

Forms: Middle English monwement, Middle English monyment, Middle English 1600s monement, Middle English–1500s monumente, Middle English– monument, 1500s monumet, 1500s monyment, 1500s–1800s moniment; Scottish pre-1700 monoment, pre-1700 monwment, pre-1700 1700s– monument, pre-1700 (1800s Shetland) monyment, pre-1700 1800s– moniment, 1800s monimint (Shetland), 1800s monymint, 1900s– monniment.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin monumentum.

Etymology: < classical Latin monumentum, monimentum commemorative statue or building, tomb, reminder, written record, literary work < monēre to remind (see moneo n.) + -mentum -ment suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman monument tomb, Old French, Middle French, French monument (end of the 10th cent. in sense ‘tomb’, also in Old French as moniment; late 14th cent. in general sense ‘anything that preserves a memory of something’, 17th cent. in sense ‘lasting work of literature, science or art’, 18th cent. denoting edifices which are imposing by virtue of their grandeur or antiquity), Spanish monumento (1207), Portuguese monumento (a1284), Italian monumento (1292).With sense 1, compare Welsh mynwent ( < classical Latin monumentum ) graveyard. With the phrase monuments of letters (see sense 3b), compare classical Latin monumenta litterarum . With sense 4d, compare earlier use of French monument of a work of literature (see above), and also use of classical Latin monumentum in Horace Odes 3.30.1, where the poet compares his literary work to a bronze monument.

†1. A tomb, a sepulchre. Also figurative (see quot. c1475). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun]

buriels854

througheOE

burianOE

graveOE

lairc1000

lair-stowc1000

lich-restc1000

pitOE

grass-bedOE

buriness1175

earth housec1200

sepulchrec1200

tombc1300

lakec1320

buriala1325

monumenta1325

burying-place1382

resting placea1387

sepulturea1387

beda1400

earth-beda1400

longhousea1400

laystow1452

lying1480

delfa1500

worms' kitchen?a1500

bier1513

laystall1527

funeral?a1534

lay-bed1541

restall1557

cellarc1560

burying-grave1599

pit-hole1602

urn1607

cell1609

hearse1610

polyandrum1627

requietory1631

burial-place1633

mortuary1654

narrow cell1686

ground-sweat1699

sacred place1728

narrow house1792

plot1852

narrow bed1854

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 1823 (MED) Now was hit a manere hows þat god was ynne ydo, Ygraued wyde in a roche..Þat is ycleped a Monument.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 16904 (MED) Þe prince o preistes o þair lagh went to þat monument And sperd it wit a mikel stan.

a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl.) (1907) 723 He wand þat cors..And layd it in his monument.

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 3423 (MED) The dore of the monument was stopped with a grete stone.

c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 299 (MED) Wo be to ȝou, pharisees..þat ben hud monumentis.

1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 228 All y^t be in theyr monumentes, or graues, shall heare the voyce of the sone of god.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. v. 201 In that dimme monument where Tybalt lyes.

1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lxv. 4 A people..Which remaine among the graues, and lodge in the monuments.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 51 The Saints we observe arose from graves and monuments.

1683 R. Duke tr. Plutarch Life Theseus in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I. 43 This is certain, that they encamp'd in the City, and may be sufficiently confirm'd by..the Graves and Monuments of those that fell in the Battel.

a. A statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a famous or notable person or event. †in monument of: in commemoration of (obsolete). the Monument: a Doric column 202 feet (approx. 61¹/₂ metres) in height, built in the City of London (1671–7) according to the design of Sir Christopher Wren, to commemorate the great fire of London of 1666, which originated in a house 202 feet from the site of the column (first attested in monument candlestick n. at Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection

markOE

monumentc1400

funerala1547

monumentala1687

remain1687

marker1906

the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > commemoration, remembrance > in memory of [phrase]

(to be) in memoryc1385

in memory ofc1385

in (the) remembrance ofa1400

in (the) memorial of1605

monument1613

to the memory of1653

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 61 Þe kyng..þouȝt to make, in minde of ham, a monument of stone þat myȝt endure to þe worldes ende.

1581 W. Fowler Wks. (1936) II. 56 That image was onlye historicall maid for an declaratioun and monument of the hailing of the woman by Christ.

1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 365 Their edifying and sumptuous Erections of all our chiefe Minsters, Monasteries, and Monuments.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 695 At the foot thereof was a great heape of Elephants teeth,..vpon them were set the skulls of dead men, which they had slaine in the warres, in monument of their victorie.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 379 This Monument [sc. Trajan's Column] being at first set up upon a rising ground.

1701 London Gaz. No. 3718/4 Mr. Jer. Wayte, Fishmonger, near the Monument in New Fish street, London.

1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 152 And now I'm here, from this here pier it is my fixed intent To jump, as Mister Levi did from off the Monu-ment!

1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xvi. 313 Over all rose those two monuments of the best of the heathen Emperors..the columns of Marcus Aurelius and Trajan.

1955 Times 29 July 11/1 Praying the Queen to give directions that a monument be erected to Lord Lloyd-George.

1987 F. Wyndham Other Garden v. 62 I for one am..tired of looking at monuments portraying middle-aged men on horse-back.

†b. An effigy; a carved figure, statue. Obsolete.Frequently in Shakespeare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [noun] > statue

likenessOE

imagec1225

figurea1300

signa1382

statuea1393

staturea1393

statutea1393

statutec1430

statuac1450

picture1517

idol1548

portraiture1548

pattern1582

portrait1585

icon1587

monument1594

simulacrum1599

statuary1599

plastic1686

make1890

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. D2 Where like a vertuous Monument shee lies, To be admir'd of lewd vnhallowed eyes.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 567 At Rome there bee divers peeces of Praxiteles his making..standing among the monuments and bookes within the librarie of Asinius Pollio.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. ii. 32 O sleepe, thou Ape of death, lye dull vpon her, And be her Sense but as a Monument, Thus in a Chappell lying.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. ii. 6 If the quicke fire of youth light not your minde, You are no Maiden but a monument .

c. A statue or other structure erected in memory of the dead, either over the grave or in a church, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > monument > [noun]

tomb?a1400

memoryc1475

monument1594

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 347 Traitors away, he rests not in this toombe: This monument fiue hundreth yeares hath stood, Which I haue sumptuouslie reedified.

1683–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 346 Setting up y^e monument of Mrs. Ray.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. liv. 236 Honours shall gather round his monument.

1860 J. W. Warter Sea-board & Down II. 183 Sometimes the dead were buried in haste, and Monuments were erected..on the sides of the public roads.

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xlix. 162 The marble monuments and leaded skeletons at Kingsbere.

1903 J. Morley Life Gladstone II. v. ix. 157 He found the speech for a monument to Lord Palmerston in the Abbey ‘a delicate and difficult duty’.

1999 P. Jalland Victorian Death in P. C. Jupp & C. Gittings Death in Eng. ix. 246 They perpetuated the memory of dead loved ones through..monuments, mourning jewellery and grave-visiting.

d. A structure, edifice, or (in later use also) site of historical interest or importance.Sometimes merging with sense 2a. See also ancient monument n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > object from the past or antique > ancient monument

monument1768

1768 Woman of Honor ii. 83 Paintings, statues, monuments..that so vulgarly satisfy the silly superficial gape of travelling sight-mongers.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xvi. 280 The heroic antiquary, charmed with the geometric perfections of his ruin [sc. Stonehenge], connects it with the oldest monuments and religion in the world.

1875 H. James in Nation 22 Apr. The overthrow of Cambodia by the Siamese took place in 1373, and the architectural monuments which still cover the ground belong..to the period just anterior.

1936 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 2 1 A new monument of the ‘henge’ class.

1979 H. Kissinger White House Years xxiv. 1066 A string of Presidential visits to the architectural and artistic monuments of China's past: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Ming Tombs, [etc.].

2000 Oxoniensia 64 5 The hillforts on the Downs along the Ridgeway have long been assumed to be Iron Age monuments of relatively uniform date and purpose.

†3.

a. A written document or record; (Law) a legal instrument. Obsolete.In legal contexts sometimes confused with muniment n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal document > [noun]

writlOE

charterc1270

writingc1384

paper1389

monument1405

instrument1426

cartec1449

chart1616

diploma1645

diplome1669

expedition1685

law-writings1701

chirograph1844

society > communication > record > written record > [noun]

bookeOE

writlOE

rolla1325

conscriptiona1382

lettersa1382

scripturea1382

monument1405

write1483

pancart1577

panchart1587

anagraphy1606

notitia1738

1405 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1862) IV. 173 Al charteris euidentis obligaciounis monumentis or instrumentis pertinentis to the saide lands.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 342 Monyment, or charterys, or oþer lyke, munimentum [Winch. monumen].

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 332 Leaninge to the moniments and sayings of Paulus Ægineta.

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (title) Actes and Monuments of these latter and perillous dayes.

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. I4^v I doe much reuerence the memory of so famous a man, that with the excellent monuments of his wit,..hath much benefited the Common-weale of good letters.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §65. 303 Their rolles in which they recorded their monuments.

1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ i. 4 Gildas..sadly laments the want of any Domestick Monuments, to give him certain information.

1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation iv. 84 This discourse of Guest..I have transcribed from the original, and put in among the monuments in the end of the book.

a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 727 All our monuments bear a strong evidence to this change [in the laws].

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 184 The critical study of the monuments of Roman and Feudal Law may justly claim no inconsiderable share in our endowments.

†b. A piece of information given in writing. Obsolete. monuments of letters n. information furnished by documents.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > [noun] > in writing

monument1555

monuments of letters1555

dossier1880

data sheet1890

fact sheet1919

1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 283^v Demetrius was demaunded whether eyther by the monumentes of letters or by fame lefte theym of theyr predicessours, they hadde any knowleage of the gothes.

1566 R. Morice in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 24 Suche papers of monuments as I hadd in my custodie concernyng the furnyture of your Ecclesiasticall storye.

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico vii. 40 I can promise many Animadversions concerning them, out of the Monuments of Letters in my hands.

a. Something that by its survival commemorates and distinguishes a person, action, period, event, etc.; something that serves as a memorial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > commemoration, remembrance > [noun] > memorial

minginga1225

memory?c1225

mindc1300

memoriala1382

memoranda1400

memorativec1487

remembrativea1500

meaning1503

monument1531

commemorative1636

memoira1711

1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. liij For oure false faith in visitynge the monumentes of Christe, therfore hath god also destroyed them.

a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 32 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Is there any token, denomination or monument of the Gaules yet remaining in Ireland?

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 137 He razed Saguntus to the ground, an ancient rich citie of Spaine, and a great, but grieuous moniment of her truth, and faith to the Romans.

1738 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 2) I. iii. 108 The Scots Writers tell us a long Story of a great Battle..between Coilus..and their Fergus I...Many Monuments of this Battle are still to be seen here. The place where..it was fought is called Coil-field; a Church near it, is called Coil-town Kirk.

1816 T. Jefferson Let. 9 Jan. in Writings (1984) 1372 My Dear and Ancient Friend,—An acquaintance of fifty-two years, for I think ours dates from 1764, calls for an interchange of notice now and then, that we remain in existence, the monuments of another age.

1837 J. Phillips Treat. Geol. I. 5 It is not certain that monuments remain of all the changes which have occurred.

1876 E. Mellor Priesthood vi. 280 The Supper becomes thus a historic objective monument.

1919 W. S. Maugham Moon & Sixpence ii. 8 A painter's monument is his work.

1986 P. Reading Essent. Reading 2 I suppose we secretly hope for some permanent monument left of us, some recognition by those coming after.

b. An enduring, memorable, outstanding, or imposing example of some quality, attribute, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > piece of > of lasting nature

monument1531

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. iii. sig. Oiii^v Painted tables, and images, containyng histories: wherin is represented some monument of vertue..wherby other men in beholdynge, may be instructed.

1675 Strange News from Oakingham 5 We..do deserve, no more mercie at his hands than other the Monuments of his Exemplary Justice.

1713 J. Addison Cato iii. ii One..Who pants for breath, and stiffens, yet alive, In dreadful looks: a monument of wrath!

a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 78 I wished to have observed a country, the monument of freedom and industry.

1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 40 It may be considered as a monument of the taste and skill of the authors.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. 299 They [sc. ice-bergs] were beautiful objects, monuments of power.

1943 J. A. Schumpeter Capitalism, Socialism & Democracy xi. 123 Capitalist practice turns the unit of money into a tool of rational cost-profit calculations, of which the towering monument is double-entry book-keeping.

1992 Amer. Scholar 61 577/2 Les Origines du Christianisme is a monument of exegesis.

c. Something that serves as a reminder of, or witness or tribute to, a way of life, attitude, achievement, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol

tokeningc888

tokenc890

print1340

bannerc1380

signingc1390

signala1393

signc1400

similitude?c1400

type?a1500

sacrament1534

resemblance1548

adumbration1552

character1569

picture1580

symbol1590

moral?1594

attribute1600

symbolization1603

allegory1606

emblema1616

hieroglyph1646

simile1682

documentor1684

symptoma1687

monument1728

metaphor1836

presentation1866

symbolisms1876

ideogram1897

picture message1912

figura1959

1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 94 Our Moderns, whose Executions are generally standing Monuments to their Shame.

1829 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 440 History has raised a monument to their wisdom and forbearance in this respect.

1853 A. Davis Hist. New Amsterdam 20 Well would it have been if this city..had been called by his name as a monument to his merits.

1885 Cent. Mag. July 419/2 He nourished the idea of the great dictionary of Provençal, a veritable monument to the tongue of his country, on which he has been working many years.

1937 Maine: Guide ‘Down East’ (Federal Writers' Project) 20 a Visible monuments to the early struggles of the pioneers to establish themselves on the first frontiers of America are the old forts with their stockades and blockhouses.

1973 E. F. Schumacher Small is Beautiful ii. iv. 127 Disused nuclear power stations will stand as unsightly monuments to unquiet man's assumption that nothing but tranquillity..stretches before him.

1987 D. Rowe Beyond Fear v. 181 Psychiatric hospitals are monuments to the destruction of the human spirit.

d. An important or classic work of literature; esp. an outstanding survival of an early literature.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > monumental or classic

classic1763

monument1852

1852 E. A. Andrews Copious Latin-Eng. Lex. App. A. 1653 (title) Specimens of the oldest monuments of the Latin language.

1897 W. P. Ker Epic & Romance ii. 183 Beowulf is, at any rate, the specimen by which the Teutonic epic poetry must be judged. It is the largest monument extant.

1920 T. S. Eliot Sacred Wood 44 The existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves, which is modified by the introduction of the new (the really new) work of art among them.

1949 G. K. Anderson Lit. Anglo-Saxons iii. 63 Unquestionably the most important monument of Old English epic literature..is the poem Beowulf.

1992 M. Blonsky Amer. Mythologies (1993) xvi. 398 A monument like Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas is a way to explain even un-understandable mysteries.

a. An indication or token (of a fact, deed, etc.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > [noun] > an indication or sign

tokeningc888

fingereOE

senyeOE

markOE

showing?c1225

blossomc1230

signa1325

signifyingc1384

evidencea1393

notea1398

forbysena1400

kenninga1400

knowinga1400

showerc1400

unningc1400

signala1413

signification?a1425

demonstrancec1425

cenyc1440

likelinessc1450

ensign1474

signifure?a1475

outshowinga1500

significativea1500

witter1513

precedent1518

intimation1531

signifier1532

meith1533

monument1536

indicion?1541

likelihood1541

significator1554

manifest1561

show1561

evidency1570

token-teller1574

betokener1587

calendar1590

instance1590

testificate1590

significant1598

crisis1606

index1607

impression1613

denotementa1616

story1620

remark1624

indicium1625

denotation1633

indice1636

signum1643

indiction1653

trace1656

demonstrator1657

indication1660

notationa1661

significatory1660

indicator1666

betrayer1678

demonstration1684

smell1691

wittering1781

notaa1790

blazonry1850

sign vehicle1909

marker1919

rumble1927

1536 J. Vales Let. 24 Aug. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/14/11) f. 10 I haue sent you..a buck desiryng your Ladyship to accepte it as a monyment of my gode harte.

1605 S. Rowlands Hell's broke Loose 4 For Fatus the Gouernour of Iury ouertooke Theudas, and sent his head as a monument to Ierusalem.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 25 There is at this Day no Monument or real Argument that, when the Irish were first invaded, they had any Stone-Housing at all.

1711 J. Greenwood tr. J. Wallis in Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. Pref. 4 Other Books..where may be found many Monuments of uncommon Learning.

1903 G. Matheson Representative Men of Bible 2nd Ser. 93 They came to Aaron to ask a sign—a visible monument of the Divine Presence.

†b. A thing that serves as identification; a mark, sign. Also: a thing that gives warning; a portent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > [noun]

tokenc1000

distinctionc1374

differencea1398

signeta1425

knowledge?c1475

smell?a1505

markc1522

badge1529

note1583

impress1590

monument1590

type1595

stamp1600

pressure1604

mintage1612

criterion1613

impressa1628

differencer1633

lineament1638

mole1644

discrimination1646

tessera1647

diagnostic1651

monumental1657

discretive1660

signate1662

footmark1666

trait1752

memorandum1766

fingerprint1792

insignia1796

identifier1807

designative1824

cachet1840

differentiator1854

tanga1867

trademark1869

signature1873

totem1875

differential1883

earmarkings1888

paw print1894

discriminator1943

ident1952

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. E5 His goodly corps..Was quite dismembred, and his members chast Scattered on euery mountaine, as he went, That of Hippolytus was lefte no moniment.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Bb^v His braue shield, full of old moniments, Was fowly ras't, that none the signes might see.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. ii. 95 Wherefore gaze this goodly company, As if they saw some wondrous monument, Some Commet, or vnusuall prodigie?

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. i. ii. 10 For the acquiring of Philosophy some sensible Moniments are necessary, by which our past thoughts may be not onely reduced, but also registred every one in its own order.

1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 205 Laius has shewed the monuments [Gk. γνωρίσματα] thou hadst about thee.

c. U.S. Law and Surveying. A fixed object, natural or artificial, used to mark a property boundary or the location of a tract of land.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > charter or deed conveying property > [noun] > charter or deed conveying land > object referred to in document

monument1651

call1812

1651 in Watertown (Mass.) Rec. (1894) 1 27 Make som Dureable Monements both at the fouer angles and pert[it]ion Line.

1778 E. Parkman Diary 55 Ye Land being now cleared, the monuments are all gone.

1830 J. Kent Comm. Amer. Law IV. 455 In the description of the land conveyed, the rule is, that known and fixed monuments control courses and distances.

1885 Rep. Indian Affairs 147 Survey of the outward boundaries of..Reservations should be made and properly marked with suitable monuments.

1967 Appraisal Terminol. & Handbk. (Amer. Inst. Real Estate Appraisers) (ed. 5) 46 Corner,..in surveying, a point marked by a monument.

1998 Buffalo (N.Y.) News 19 Mar. c4 The Orchard Park Town Board..authoriz[ed] $325,320 for 80 new permanent geodetic monuments to be used in all future surveying and new topographical maps.

6. Scottish. A ridiculous or objectionable person or thing; a laughing-stock, a fool, a rogue.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > fact or condition of being mocked or ridiculed > [noun] > object of ridicule

hethinga1340

japing-stickc1380

laughing stock?1518

mocking-stock1526

laughing game1530

jesting-stock1535

mockage1535

derision1539

sporting stocka1556

game1562

May game1569

scoffing-stock1571

playing stock1579

make-play1592

flouting-stock1593

sport1598

bauchle1600

jest1606

butt1607

make-sport1611

mocking1611

mirtha1616

laughing stakea1630

scoff1640

gaud1650

blota1657

make-mirth1656

ridicule1678

flout1708

sturgeon1708

laugh1710

ludibry1722

jestee1760

make-game1762

joke1791

laughee1808

laughing post1810

target1842

jest-word1843

Aunt Sally1859

monument1866

punchline1978

1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. Moniment, a ridiculous person, a fool.

1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xlix. 335 Oonless the ‘viackle’—saw ye ever sic a moniment o' a thing, Meg—sud be..pitten o' the hen reist.

1922 Swatches o' Hamespun 79 ‘Upsettin' moniment,’ snarled the middler, ‘pride gyangs afore a fa'.’

1956 Banffshire Advertiser 5 Apr. 8/5 ‘Ye young monniment,’ snarled the guardian of law and order, and charged.

1968 G. M. Williams From Scenes like These ii. 30 ‘I cannae pay ye the full five pounds a week,’ he'd said, hairy-faced old monument that he was.

1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 53/2 Dere he was, waanderin aroond laek a moniment.

Compounds

C1.

monument-builder n.

ΚΠ

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 409 All more or lesse strive at a Perpetuity of their Names; though let me say in a more Preposterous way, than these Monument-Builders do.

1989 Ethics 99 939 Scanlon allows that, unlike the man burdened with a sense of sin, the monument builder might well have a claim on us.

monument maker n.

ΚΠ

1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng (1725) 86 These were..their barbarous Monument-makers.

1991 R. Schwartz tr. I. B. Singer Scum i. 5 She wanted to die, continually babbled of death, and had a monument maker engrave her own tombstone.

C2.

† monument candlestick n. Obsolete rare a candlestick made in the shape of the Monument in London (see sense 2a).

ΚΠ

1688 London Gaz. No. 2316/4 A pair of Monument Candlesticks.

Monument City n. Baltimore, Maryland; = Monumental City n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [noun] > in North America > Baltimore

Monumental City1827

Monument City1856

1856 Life Illustr. 31 May 33/4 Baltimore is the ‘Monument City’, from the great battle monument, and several others of note, within its limits.

1906 Springfield (Mass.) Weekly Republican 8 Mar. 4 Baltimore has been known for years as the ‘Monument City’, and some of these monuments are in reality works of art.

† monument money n. Obsolete rare money collected from visitors to Westminster Abbey who were shown the memorials.

ΚΠ

1655–6 in Athenæum 9 Aug. (1884) 187/1 The Counsell was moved this day,..that those who have the..disposing of the monument money at Westm^r, may be directed to dispose the same..to the maintainance of five Masters of Musicke.

Derivatives

ˈmonument-like adj.

ΚΠ

1861 Rep. Colorado River of West (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) b 32 The river cutting through this range has produced Pyramid cañon, a name suggested by a remarkable monument-like pinnacle of porphyritic rock.

1997 Portland (Maine) Press Herald (Nexis) 19 Jan. 1 g The castle inspired his tower house, and the tower—thin and monumentlike—..grew from McNeely's own fertile imagination.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	monument
释义	monumentn. Brit. /ˈmɒnjᵿm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈmɑnjəm(ə)nt/ Forms: Middle English monwement, Middle English monyment, Middle English 1600s monement, Middle English–1500s monumente, Middle English– monument, 1500s monumet, 1500s monyment, 1500s–1800s moniment; Scottish pre-1700 monoment, pre-1700 monwment, pre-1700 1700s– monument, pre-1700 (1800s Shetland) monyment, pre-1700 1800s– moniment, 1800s monimint (Shetland), 1800s monymint, 1900s– monniment. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin monumentum. Etymology: < classical Latin monumentum, monimentum commemorative statue or building, tomb, reminder, written record, literary work < monēre to remind (see moneo n.) + -mentum -ment suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman monument tomb, Old French, Middle French, French monument (end of the 10th cent. in sense ‘tomb’, also in Old French as moniment; late 14th cent. in general sense ‘anything that preserves a memory of something’, 17th cent. in sense ‘lasting work of literature, science or art’, 18th cent. denoting edifices which are imposing by virtue of their grandeur or antiquity), Spanish monumento (1207), Portuguese monumento (a1284), Italian monumento (1292).With sense 1, compare Welsh mynwent ( < classical Latin monumentum ) graveyard. With the phrase monuments of letters (see sense 3b), compare classical Latin monumenta litterarum . With sense 4d, compare earlier use of French monument of a work of literature (see above), and also use of classical Latin monumentum in Horace Odes 3.30.1, where the poet compares his literary work to a bronze monument. †1. A tomb, a sepulchre. Also figurative (see quot. c1475). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] buriels854 througheOE burianOE graveOE lairc1000 lair-stowc1000 lich-restc1000 pitOE grass-bedOE buriness1175 earth housec1200 sepulchrec1200 tombc1300 lakec1320 buriala1325 monumenta1325 burying-place1382 resting placea1387 sepulturea1387 beda1400 earth-beda1400 longhousea1400 laystow1452 lying1480 delfa1500 worms' kitchen?a1500 bier1513 laystall1527 funeral?a1534 lay-bed1541 restall1557 cellarc1560 burying-grave1599 pit-hole1602 urn1607 cell1609 hearse1610 polyandrum1627 requietory1631 burial-place1633 mortuary1654 narrow cell1686 ground-sweat1699 sacred place1728 narrow house1792 plot1852 narrow bed1854 a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 1823 (MED) Now was hit a manere hows þat god was ynne ydo, Ygraued wyde in a roche..Þat is ycleped a Monument. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 16904 (MED) Þe prince o preistes o þair lagh went to þat monument And sperd it wit a mikel stan. a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl.) (1907) 723 He wand þat cors..And layd it in his monument. c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 3423 (MED) The dore of the monument was stopped with a grete stone. c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 299 (MED) Wo be to ȝou, pharisees..þat ben hud monumentis. 1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 228 All y^t be in theyr monumentes, or graues, shall heare the voyce of the sone of god. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iii. v. 201 In that dimme monument where Tybalt lyes. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lxv. 4 A people..Which remaine among the graues, and lodge in the monuments. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 51 The Saints we observe arose from graves and monuments. 1683 R. Duke tr. Plutarch Life Theseus in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I. 43 This is certain, that they encamp'd in the City, and may be sufficiently confirm'd by..the Graves and Monuments of those that fell in the Battel. 2. a. A statue, building, or other structure erected to commemorate a famous or notable person or event. †in monument of: in commemoration of (obsolete). the Monument: a Doric column 202 feet (approx. 61¹/₂ metres) in height, built in the City of London (1671–7) according to the design of Sir Christopher Wren, to commemorate the great fire of London of 1666, which originated in a house 202 feet from the site of the column (first attested in monument candlestick n. at Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection markOE monumentc1400 funerala1547 monumentala1687 remain1687 marker1906 the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > commemoration, remembrance > in memory of [phrase] (to be) in memoryc1385 in memory ofc1385 in (the) remembrance ofa1400 in (the) memorial of1605 monument1613 to the memory of1653 c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 61 Þe kyng..þouȝt to make, in minde of ham, a monument of stone þat myȝt endure to þe worldes ende. 1581 W. Fowler Wks. (1936) II. 56 That image was onlye historicall maid for an declaratioun and monument of the hailing of the woman by Christ. 1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 365 Their edifying and sumptuous Erections of all our chiefe Minsters, Monasteries, and Monuments. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 695 At the foot thereof was a great heape of Elephants teeth,..vpon them were set the skulls of dead men, which they had slaine in the warres, in monument of their victorie. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 379 This Monument [sc. Trajan's Column] being at first set up upon a rising ground. 1701 London Gaz. No. 3718/4 Mr. Jer. Wayte, Fishmonger, near the Monument in New Fish street, London. 1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 152 And now I'm here, from this here pier it is my fixed intent To jump, as Mister Levi did from off the Monu-ment! 1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xvi. 313 Over all rose those two monuments of the best of the heathen Emperors..the columns of Marcus Aurelius and Trajan. 1955 Times 29 July 11/1 Praying the Queen to give directions that a monument be erected to Lord Lloyd-George. 1987 F. Wyndham Other Garden v. 62 I for one am..tired of looking at monuments portraying middle-aged men on horse-back. †b. An effigy; a carved figure, statue. Obsolete.Frequently in Shakespeare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [noun] > statue likenessOE imagec1225 figurea1300 signa1382 statuea1393 staturea1393 statutea1393 statutec1430 statuac1450 picture1517 idol1548 portraiture1548 pattern1582 portrait1585 icon1587 monument1594 simulacrum1599 statuary1599 plastic1686 make1890 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. D2 Where like a vertuous Monument shee lies, To be admir'd of lewd vnhallowed eyes. View more context for this quotation 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 567 At Rome there bee divers peeces of Praxiteles his making..standing among the monuments and bookes within the librarie of Asinius Pollio. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. ii. 32 O sleepe, thou Ape of death, lye dull vpon her, And be her Sense but as a Monument, Thus in a Chappell lying. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. ii. 6 If the quicke fire of youth light not your minde, You are no Maiden but a monument . View more context for this quotation c. A statue or other structure erected in memory of the dead, either over the grave or in a church, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > monument > [noun] tomb?a1400 memoryc1475 monument1594 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 347 Traitors away, he rests not in this toombe: This monument fiue hundreth yeares hath stood, Which I haue sumptuouslie reedified. View more context for this quotation 1683–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 346 Setting up y^e monument of Mrs. Ray. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. liv. 236 Honours shall gather round his monument. 1860 J. W. Warter Sea-board & Down II. 183 Sometimes the dead were buried in haste, and Monuments were erected..on the sides of the public roads. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xlix. 162 The marble monuments and leaded skeletons at Kingsbere. 1903 J. Morley Life Gladstone II. v. ix. 157 He found the speech for a monument to Lord Palmerston in the Abbey ‘a delicate and difficult duty’. 1999 P. Jalland Victorian Death in P. C. Jupp & C. Gittings Death in Eng. ix. 246 They perpetuated the memory of dead loved ones through..monuments, mourning jewellery and grave-visiting. d. A structure, edifice, or (in later use also) site of historical interest or importance.Sometimes merging with sense 2a. See also ancient monument n. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [noun] > object from the past or antique > ancient monument monument1768 1768 Woman of Honor ii. 83 Paintings, statues, monuments..that so vulgarly satisfy the silly superficial gape of travelling sight-mongers. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xvi. 280 The heroic antiquary, charmed with the geometric perfections of his ruin [sc. Stonehenge], connects it with the oldest monuments and religion in the world. 1875 H. James in Nation 22 Apr. The overthrow of Cambodia by the Siamese took place in 1373, and the architectural monuments which still cover the ground belong..to the period just anterior. 1936 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 2 1 A new monument of the ‘henge’ class. 1979 H. Kissinger White House Years xxiv. 1066 A string of Presidential visits to the architectural and artistic monuments of China's past: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Ming Tombs, [etc.]. 2000 Oxoniensia 64 5 The hillforts on the Downs along the Ridgeway have long been assumed to be Iron Age monuments of relatively uniform date and purpose. †3. a. A written document or record; (Law) a legal instrument. Obsolete.In legal contexts sometimes confused with muniment n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > [noun] writlOE charterc1270 writingc1384 paper1389 monument1405 instrument1426 cartec1449 chart1616 diploma1645 diplome1669 expedition1685 law-writings1701 chirograph1844 society > communication > record > written record > [noun] bookeOE writlOE rolla1325 conscriptiona1382 lettersa1382 scripturea1382 monument1405 write1483 pancart1577 panchart1587 anagraphy1606 notitia1738 1405 in J. Robertson Illustr. Topogr. & Antiq. Aberdeen & Banff (1862) IV. 173 Al charteris euidentis obligaciounis monumentis or instrumentis pertinentis to the saide lands. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 342 Monyment, or charterys, or oþer lyke, munimentum [Winch. monumen]. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 332 Leaninge to the moniments and sayings of Paulus Ægineta. 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (title) Actes and Monuments of these latter and perillous dayes. 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. I4^v I doe much reuerence the memory of so famous a man, that with the excellent monuments of his wit,..hath much benefited the Common-weale of good letters. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §65. 303 Their rolles in which they recorded their monuments. 1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ i. 4 Gildas..sadly laments the want of any Domestick Monuments, to give him certain information. 1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation iv. 84 This discourse of Guest..I have transcribed from the original, and put in among the monuments in the end of the book. a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 727 All our monuments bear a strong evidence to this change [in the laws]. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 184 The critical study of the monuments of Roman and Feudal Law may justly claim no inconsiderable share in our endowments. †b. A piece of information given in writing. Obsolete. monuments of letters n. information furnished by documents. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > [noun] > in writing monument1555 monuments of letters1555 dossier1880 data sheet1890 fact sheet1919 1555 R. Eden tr. P. Giovio Libellus de legatione Basilii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 283^v Demetrius was demaunded whether eyther by the monumentes of letters or by fame lefte theym of theyr predicessours, they hadde any knowleage of the gothes. 1566 R. Morice in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 24 Suche papers of monuments as I hadd in my custodie concernyng the furnyture of your Ecclesiasticall storye. 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico vii. 40 I can promise many Animadversions concerning them, out of the Monuments of Letters in my hands. 4. a. Something that by its survival commemorates and distinguishes a person, action, period, event, etc.; something that serves as a memorial. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > commemoration, remembrance > [noun] > memorial minginga1225 memory?c1225 mindc1300 memoriala1382 memoranda1400 memorativec1487 remembrativea1500 meaning1503 monument1531 commemorative1636 memoira1711 1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. liij For oure false faith in visitynge the monumentes of Christe, therfore hath god also destroyed them. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 32 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Is there any token, denomination or monument of the Gaules yet remaining in Ireland? 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. 137 He razed Saguntus to the ground, an ancient rich citie of Spaine, and a great, but grieuous moniment of her truth, and faith to the Romans. 1738 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 2) I. iii. 108 The Scots Writers tell us a long Story of a great Battle..between Coilus..and their Fergus I...Many Monuments of this Battle are still to be seen here. The place where..it was fought is called Coil-field; a Church near it, is called Coil-town Kirk. 1816 T. Jefferson Let. 9 Jan. in Writings (1984) 1372 My Dear and Ancient Friend,—An acquaintance of fifty-two years, for I think ours dates from 1764, calls for an interchange of notice now and then, that we remain in existence, the monuments of another age. 1837 J. Phillips Treat. Geol. I. 5 It is not certain that monuments remain of all the changes which have occurred. 1876 E. Mellor Priesthood vi. 280 The Supper becomes thus a historic objective monument. 1919 W. S. Maugham Moon & Sixpence ii. 8 A painter's monument is his work. 1986 P. Reading Essent. Reading 2 I suppose we secretly hope for some permanent monument left of us, some recognition by those coming after. b. An enduring, memorable, outstanding, or imposing example of some quality, attribute, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > [noun] > evidence given, testimony > piece of > of lasting nature monument1531 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. iii. sig. Oiii^v Painted tables, and images, containyng histories: wherin is represented some monument of vertue..wherby other men in beholdynge, may be instructed. 1675 Strange News from Oakingham 5 We..do deserve, no more mercie at his hands than other the Monuments of his Exemplary Justice. 1713 J. Addison Cato iii. ii One..Who pants for breath, and stiffens, yet alive, In dreadful looks: a monument of wrath! a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 78 I wished to have observed a country, the monument of freedom and industry. 1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 40 It may be considered as a monument of the taste and skill of the authors. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. 299 They [sc. ice-bergs] were beautiful objects, monuments of power. 1943 J. A. Schumpeter Capitalism, Socialism & Democracy xi. 123 Capitalist practice turns the unit of money into a tool of rational cost-profit calculations, of which the towering monument is double-entry book-keeping. 1992 Amer. Scholar 61 577/2 Les Origines du Christianisme is a monument of exegesis. c. Something that serves as a reminder of, or witness or tribute to, a way of life, attitude, achievement, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > [noun] > a symbol tokeningc888 tokenc890 print1340 bannerc1380 signingc1390 signala1393 signc1400 similitude?c1400 type?a1500 sacrament1534 resemblance1548 adumbration1552 character1569 picture1580 symbol1590 moral?1594 attribute1600 symbolization1603 allegory1606 emblema1616 hieroglyph1646 simile1682 documentor1684 symptoma1687 monument1728 metaphor1836 presentation1866 symbolisms1876 ideogram1897 picture message1912 figura1959 1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 94 Our Moderns, whose Executions are generally standing Monuments to their Shame. 1829 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 440 History has raised a monument to their wisdom and forbearance in this respect. 1853 A. Davis Hist. New Amsterdam 20 Well would it have been if this city..had been called by his name as a monument to his merits. 1885 Cent. Mag. July 419/2 He nourished the idea of the great dictionary of Provençal, a veritable monument to the tongue of his country, on which he has been working many years. 1937 Maine: Guide ‘Down East’ (Federal Writers' Project) 20 a Visible monuments to the early struggles of the pioneers to establish themselves on the first frontiers of America are the old forts with their stockades and blockhouses. 1973 E. F. Schumacher Small is Beautiful ii. iv. 127 Disused nuclear power stations will stand as unsightly monuments to unquiet man's assumption that nothing but tranquillity..stretches before him. 1987 D. Rowe Beyond Fear v. 181 Psychiatric hospitals are monuments to the destruction of the human spirit. d. An important or classic work of literature; esp. an outstanding survival of an early literature. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > monumental or classic classic1763 monument1852 1852 E. A. Andrews Copious Latin-Eng. Lex. App. A. 1653 (title) Specimens of the oldest monuments of the Latin language. 1897 W. P. Ker Epic & Romance ii. 183 Beowulf is, at any rate, the specimen by which the Teutonic epic poetry must be judged. It is the largest monument extant. 1920 T. S. Eliot Sacred Wood 44 The existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves, which is modified by the introduction of the new (the really new) work of art among them. 1949 G. K. Anderson Lit. Anglo-Saxons iii. 63 Unquestionably the most important monument of Old English epic literature..is the poem Beowulf. 1992 M. Blonsky Amer. Mythologies (1993) xvi. 398 A monument like Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas is a way to explain even un-understandable mysteries. 5. a. An indication or token (of a fact, deed, etc.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > [noun] > an indication or sign tokeningc888 fingereOE senyeOE markOE showing?c1225 blossomc1230 signa1325 signifyingc1384 evidencea1393 notea1398 forbysena1400 kenninga1400 knowinga1400 showerc1400 unningc1400 signala1413 signification?a1425 demonstrancec1425 cenyc1440 likelinessc1450 ensign1474 signifure?a1475 outshowinga1500 significativea1500 witter1513 precedent1518 intimation1531 signifier1532 meith1533 monument1536 indicion?1541 likelihood1541 significator1554 manifest1561 show1561 evidency1570 token-teller1574 betokener1587 calendar1590 instance1590 testificate1590 significant1598 crisis1606 index1607 impression1613 denotementa1616 story1620 remark1624 indicium1625 denotation1633 indice1636 signum1643 indiction1653 trace1656 demonstrator1657 indication1660 notationa1661 significatory1660 indicator1666 betrayer1678 demonstration1684 smell1691 wittering1781 notaa1790 blazonry1850 sign vehicle1909 marker1919 rumble1927 1536 J. Vales Let. 24 Aug. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/14/11) f. 10 I haue sent you..a buck desiryng your Ladyship to accepte it as a monyment of my gode harte. 1605 S. Rowlands Hell's broke Loose 4 For Fatus the Gouernour of Iury ouertooke Theudas, and sent his head as a monument to Ierusalem. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 25 There is at this Day no Monument or real Argument that, when the Irish were first invaded, they had any Stone-Housing at all. 1711 J. Greenwood tr. J. Wallis in Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. Pref. 4 Other Books..where may be found many Monuments of uncommon Learning. 1903 G. Matheson Representative Men of Bible 2nd Ser. 93 They came to Aaron to ask a sign—a visible monument of the Divine Presence. †b. A thing that serves as identification; a mark, sign. Also: a thing that gives warning; a portent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > [noun] tokenc1000 distinctionc1374 differencea1398 signeta1425 knowledge?c1475 smell?a1505 markc1522 badge1529 note1583 impress1590 monument1590 type1595 stamp1600 pressure1604 mintage1612 criterion1613 impressa1628 differencer1633 lineament1638 mole1644 discrimination1646 tessera1647 diagnostic1651 monumental1657 discretive1660 signate1662 footmark1666 trait1752 memorandum1766 fingerprint1792 insignia1796 identifier1807 designative1824 cachet1840 differentiator1854 tanga1867 trademark1869 signature1873 totem1875 differential1883 earmarkings1888 paw print1894 discriminator1943 ident1952 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. E5 His goodly corps..Was quite dismembred, and his members chast Scattered on euery mountaine, as he went, That of Hippolytus was lefte no moniment. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Bb^v His braue shield, full of old moniments, Was fowly ras't, that none the signes might see. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. ii. 95 Wherefore gaze this goodly company, As if they saw some wondrous monument, Some Commet, or vnusuall prodigie? View more context for this quotation 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. i. ii. 10 For the acquiring of Philosophy some sensible Moniments are necessary, by which our past thoughts may be not onely reduced, but also registred every one in its own order. 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 205 Laius has shewed the monuments [Gk. γνωρίσματα] thou hadst about thee. c. U.S. Law and Surveying. A fixed object, natural or artificial, used to mark a property boundary or the location of a tract of land. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > charter or deed conveying property > [noun] > charter or deed conveying land > object referred to in document monument1651 call1812 1651 in Watertown (Mass.) Rec. (1894) 1 27 Make som Dureable Monements both at the fouer angles and pert[it]ion Line. 1778 E. Parkman Diary 55 Ye Land being now cleared, the monuments are all gone. 1830 J. Kent Comm. Amer. Law IV. 455 In the description of the land conveyed, the rule is, that known and fixed monuments control courses and distances. 1885 Rep. Indian Affairs 147 Survey of the outward boundaries of..Reservations should be made and properly marked with suitable monuments. 1967 Appraisal Terminol. & Handbk. (Amer. Inst. Real Estate Appraisers) (ed. 5) 46 Corner,..in surveying, a point marked by a monument. 1998 Buffalo (N.Y.) News 19 Mar. c4 The Orchard Park Town Board..authoriz[ed] $325,320 for 80 new permanent geodetic monuments to be used in all future surveying and new topographical maps. 6. Scottish. A ridiculous or objectionable person or thing; a laughing-stock, a fool, a rogue. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > fact or condition of being mocked or ridiculed > [noun] > object of ridicule hethinga1340 japing-stickc1380 laughing stock?1518 mocking-stock1526 laughing game1530 jesting-stock1535 mockage1535 derision1539 sporting stocka1556 game1562 May game1569 scoffing-stock1571 playing stock1579 make-play1592 flouting-stock1593 sport1598 bauchle1600 jest1606 butt1607 make-sport1611 mocking1611 mirtha1616 laughing stakea1630 scoff1640 gaud1650 blota1657 make-mirth1656 ridicule1678 flout1708 sturgeon1708 laugh1710 ludibry1722 jestee1760 make-game1762 joke1791 laughee1808 laughing post1810 target1842 jest-word1843 Aunt Sally1859 monument1866 punchline1978 1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. Moniment, a ridiculous person, a fool. 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xlix. 335 Oonless the ‘viackle’—saw ye ever sic a moniment o' a thing, Meg—sud be..pitten o' the hen reist. 1922 Swatches o' Hamespun 79 ‘Upsettin' moniment,’ snarled the middler, ‘pride gyangs afore a fa'.’ 1956 Banffshire Advertiser 5 Apr. 8/5 ‘Ye young monniment,’ snarled the guardian of law and order, and charged. 1968 G. M. Williams From Scenes like These ii. 30 ‘I cannae pay ye the full five pounds a week,’ he'd said, hairy-faced old monument that he was. 1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 53/2 Dere he was, waanderin aroond laek a moniment. Compounds C1. monument-builder n. ΚΠ 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 409 All more or lesse strive at a Perpetuity of their Names; though let me say in a more Preposterous way, than these Monument-Builders do. 1989 Ethics 99 939 Scanlon allows that, unlike the man burdened with a sense of sin, the monument builder might well have a claim on us. monument maker n. ΚΠ 1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng (1725) 86 These were..their barbarous Monument-makers. 1991 R. Schwartz tr. I. B. Singer Scum i. 5 She wanted to die, continually babbled of death, and had a monument maker engrave her own tombstone. C2. † monument candlestick n. Obsolete rare a candlestick made in the shape of the Monument in London (see sense 2a). ΚΠ 1688 London Gaz. No. 2316/4 A pair of Monument Candlesticks. Monument City n. Baltimore, Maryland; = Monumental City n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [noun] > in North America > Baltimore Monumental City1827 Monument City1856 1856 Life Illustr. 31 May 33/4 Baltimore is the ‘Monument City’, from the great battle monument, and several others of note, within its limits. 1906 Springfield (Mass.) Weekly Republican 8 Mar. 4 Baltimore has been known for years as the ‘Monument City’, and some of these monuments are in reality works of art. † monument money n. Obsolete rare money collected from visitors to Westminster Abbey who were shown the memorials. ΚΠ 1655–6 in Athenæum 9 Aug. (1884) 187/1 The Counsell was moved this day,..that those who have the..disposing of the monument money at Westm^r, may be directed to dispose the same..to the maintainance of five Masters of Musicke. Derivatives ˈmonument-like adj. ΚΠ 1861 Rep. Colorado River of West (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) b 32 The river cutting through this range has produced Pyramid cañon, a name suggested by a remarkable monument-like pinnacle of porphyritic rock. 1997 Portland (Maine) Press Herald (Nexis) 19 Jan. 1 g The castle inspired his tower house, and the tower—thin and monumentlike—..grew from McNeely's own fertile imagination. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). monumentv. Brit. /ˈmɒnjᵿm(ə)nt/, U.S. /ˈmɑnjəm(ə)nt/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: monument n. Etymology: < monument n. †1. transitive. To cause to be perpetually remembered. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > memorial or monument > record by monument [verb (transitive)] monument1606 monumentalize1857 1606 J. Ford Honor Triumphant sig. D3^v Unspotted Lucrece..who..monumented her rape with extremity of death. †2. transitive. To record on a monument. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1606 J. Ford Fames Memoriall sig. G2 Loe heer nine tombes, on euery tombe engrau'd, Nine Epitaphs..; That their deserts who while the liu'd did shine Might now be monumented in their shrine. 1660 E. Waterhouse Disc. Arms & Armory 36 They had their Arcus Triumphales, in which..were monumented the Victories of those to whose memory those piles of fame were erected. 3. transitive. To provide with a monument (in various senses); to commemorate with a monument; to turn into a monument. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > commemoration, remembrance > commemorate [verb (transitive)] mingOE mina1200 remenec1400 remember?a1439 memorize1593 commemorize1628 commemoratea1638 embalma1674 monument1756 memorialize1798 anniversary1841 monumentalize1857 mark1871 obituarize1877 jubilee1887 1756 H. Walpole Corr. Aug. (1973) XXXV. 271 The poor woman..passed her whole widowhood..in collecting and monumenting the portraits and reliques of all the great families from which she descended. 1856 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 15 June in Eng. Notebks. (1997) II. iv. 48 The ecclesiastical dignitaries bury themselves, and monument themselves, to the exclusion of almost every body else. 1886 H. Butterworth Zigzag Journeys Levant 265 Helena and Constantine erected chapels and altars there, and monumented the places of sacred scenes and associations. 1908 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 2 309 Said line of boundary along the middle of said river was not..marked or monumented by them along the course of said river. 1991 A. Blair More Tea at Miss Cranston's xiv. 161 A fine woman Flora Macdonald, but not monumented at Dunoon! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325v.1606
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monumentn.

Compounds

Derivatives

monumentv.