mortifyv.
/ˈmɔːtᵻfʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈmɔrdəˌfaɪ/ 1. † a. transitive. To deprive of life; to kill, put to death. Also: to render insensible. Occasionally intransitive: to kill. Obsolete.† b. transitive. To destroy (an ulcer, living tissue, etc.), esp. with a caustic substance; to render necrotic. Obsolete.† c. intransitive. To lose life or vitality, to waste away. Obsolete.† e. transitive. To bruise. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]
swevec725
quelmeOE
slayc893
quelleOE
of-falleOE
ofslayeOE
aquellc950
ayeteeOE
spillc950
beliveOE
to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE
fordoa1000
forfarea1000
asweveOE
drepeOE
forleseOE
martyrOE
to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE
bringc1175
off-quellc1175
quenchc1175
forswelta1225
adeadc1225
to bring of daysc1225
to do to deathc1225
to draw (a person) to deathc1225
murder?c1225
aslayc1275
forferec1275
to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275
martyrc1300
strangle1303
destroya1325
misdoa1325
killc1330
tailc1330
to take the life of (also fro)c1330
enda1340
to kill to (into, unto) death1362
brittena1375
deadc1374
to ding to deathc1380
mortifya1382
perisha1387
to dight to death1393
colea1400
fella1400
kill out (away, down, up)a1400
to slay up or downa1400
swelta1400
voida1400
deliverc1400
starvec1425
jugylc1440
morta1450
to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480
to put offc1485
to-slaya1500
to make away with1502
to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503
rida1513
to put downa1525
to hang out of the way1528
dispatch?1529
strikea1535
occidea1538
to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540
to fling to deathc1540
extinct1548
to make out of the way1551
to fet offa1556
to cut offc1565
to make away?1566
occise1575
spoil1578
senda1586
to put away1588
exanimate1593
unmortalize1593
speed1594
unlive1594
execute1597
dislive1598
extinguish1598
to lay along1599
to make hence1605
conclude1606
kill off1607
disanimate1609
feeze1609
to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611
to kill dead1615
transporta1616
spatch1616
to take off1619
mactate1623
to make meat of1632
to turn up1642
inanimate1647
pop1649
enecate1657
cadaverate1658
expedite1678
to make dog's meat of1679
to make mincemeat of1709
sluice1749
finisha1753
royna1770
still1778
do1780
deaden1807
deathifyc1810
to lay out1829
cool1833
to use up1833
puckeroo1840
to rub out1840
cadaverize1841
to put under the sod1847
suicide1852
outkill1860
to fix1875
to put under1879
corpse1884
stiffen1888
tip1891
to do away with1899
to take out1900
stretch1902
red-light1906
huff1919
to knock rotten1919
skittle1919
liquidate1924
clip1927
to set over1931
creasea1935
ice1941
lose1942
to put to sleep1942
zap1942
hit1955
to take down1967
wax1968
trash1973
ace1975
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > render physically insensible [verb (transitive)]
astone1340
dead1382
stony1382
dazea1400
astonish1530
benumb1530
mortifya1533
numb1561
dozen1576
pave1635
deaden1684
torpedoa1772
torpefy1808
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings ii. 6 Þe lord mortefieþ & qwekeneþ, bryngeþ down to hellis & aȝeeyn bryngeþ.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 67 b/1 His herte was mortefyed wythin hym, and he was deed lyke a stone.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Q.iiv It is..a swounyng, that incontinently mortifieth al the membres.
1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 153 Thou..hast well neere my senses mortefied.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) ix. 53 If of the principal Stem so left, the frost mortifie any part.
1688 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Persecution Piedmont 33 These Ruffians mortified her little Daughter about seven months old before her face.
1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. xi. 200 Their Seeds..will..be mortified and destroyed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. > practise anaesthetization, pain-killing, etc. [verb (transitive)] > allay pain
lissea1000
softc1225
appeasec1374
releasea1393
stancha1398
mortifya1400
unpain1540
resolve1573
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > of tissue: become diseased [verb (transitive)] > alter tissue > affect with necrosis
gangrenate1532
gangrene1597
gangrenize1598
sphacelate1653
mortify1748
necrose1890
necrotize1909
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 96 If þat þou dredist wheþer þat it be symple vlcus or a cankre..bigynne to mortifie [v.r. mortefye; L. mortificare] it wiþ sum maner of poudre.
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 178v (MED) But ruptories, ȝif þei be leide apon þe hole skynne, þei mortifie and blaken þe same skynne wiþ þe fleische þat is nye þer too.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Caprimulgi, Birdes..that in the night sucke goates and mortifie their vdders.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xxviii. 176 It were better to writh about and mortifie their cods altogither with pincers, then to geld them all at once.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 78 Snow and sleet..disabling many of them, by mortifying their toes and fingers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)]
falloweOE
welka1300
starvec1400
witherc1400
dote?1440
wizena1450
mortifyc1475
vade1492
shrinkc1572
flitter1577
windle1579
shirpc1639
welter1645
welt1854
sickly1882
the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > be weak > become weak
of-fall?a1200
fail?c1225
wastea1300
languisha1325
defail1340
languora1375
defaulta1382
wastea1387
faintc1450
mortifyc1475
hink?a1500
traik?a1513
droopc1540
unquick1595
macerate1598
dodder1617
lachanize1623
smartle1673
break1726
go1748
sink1780
wilt1787
falter1799
weaken1886
to go down1892
to go out of curl1924
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) i. 1054 (MED) If..All his laboure were waste..his good corage woll faill and mortefye.
?c1525 (a1503) Receyt Ladie Kateryne (Coll. Arms M.13) (1990) iv. 79 Thus the lyvely spirites of this noble Prince finally mortified, to oure Realme of Englond and all Cristente dolour, sorow, and great discompfort.
1702 R. Steele Funeral iii. 42 To see one that was a Beauty unfortunately move with the same languor..that once was Charming in her—To see, I say, her Mortify that us'd to Kill—ha ha ha!
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 9 Their Roots are very apt to mortifie or harden and wither by the wind.
d. intransitive. To become necrotic or gangrenous. Now rare or historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > of tissue: become diseased [verb (intransitive)] > become affected by necrosis
gangrenize1598
mortify1603
gangrene1614
ganger1624
gangrenate1631
sphacelate1684
necrose1823
necrotize1906
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 120 The wound..began to mortefie and grow blacke.
1708 J. Swift Predict. for 1708 7 The Swellings in his Legs breaking, and the Flesh Mortifying, [he] will dye on the 11th Instant.
1825 Lancet 1 Jan. 455/2 Parts which have little power of life, mortify.
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. xxxvi. 494 His injured limb mortified.
1911 G. B. Shaw Doctor's Dilemma Pref. p. xiv The leg may mortify—it is always safer to operate—..evolution is towards motors and leglessness.
1942 E. Bowen Bowen's Court vii. 196 A scratch or cut in Henry's arm had mortified, due to his low state of health; they took the arm off, but this was done too late.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush
breakc900
to-bruisec1000
swatchea1300
to-gnidea1300
defoulc1300
to-crushc1300
thring13..
squatcha1325
to-squatc1325
oppressa1382
crush?a1400
thronga1400
dequassc1400
birzec1425
crazec1430
frayc1460
defroysse1480
to-quashc1480
croose1567
pletter1598
becrush1609
mortify1609
winder1610
crackle1611
quest1647
scrouge1755
grush1827
jam1832
roll1886
1609 S. Rowlands Whole Crew Kind Gossips 11 I set a little stoole, And ouer that, downe comes my reeling foole:..I am sure it mortified his shins.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail to [verb (transitive)] > have no effect upon > render ineffectual
voida1340
mortifyc1390
to lay in water?c1425
frustrate1471
stint1509
mutilatec1570
dead1602
unvirtuate1611
ineffectuate1633
nonplus1640
the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)] > weaken (something immaterial)
to thin off, downc900
feeblea1340
allayc1450
debilite1483
mollify1496
weak1502
geld?1507
water1529
appale?1530
labefact?1539
debilitate1541
mortify1553
effeeble1571
dilutea1575
soften1576
unsinew1599
melt1600
infringe1604
weaken1609
unbenda1616
dissinew1640
slacken1663
thin1670
resolve1715
imbecilitate1809
imbecile1829
to let down1832
to water down1832
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [verb (transitive)] > make dull
dullc1386
dor1601
dullify1657
mortify1711
dun1766
dullen1832
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 233 The goode werkes that he dide..ben al mortefied [v.r. amortised]..by the ofte synnyng.
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Rom. viii. 36 (MED) As it is wryten, Quia propter te morte afficimur tota die..For we be mortifyed for þee alle day.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 608 (MED) Thogh men sowen seed Of vertu in a yong man, it is deed As blyue; his rebel goost it mortifieþ.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. viii. 183 Yf cas be that he goo hys waye so he mortyfyeth his hyre..for seruyce ought not to haue noo hyre tyl that hit be complisshed.
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iii. f. 18 His face waxed pale, & the liuely heate was mortified in all partes of his body.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ii. f. 60v An herbe which quencheth and mortifieth the violent poyson of the herbe.
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H3 My mothers death hath mortified my mind, And sorrow stops the passage of my speech.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. i. 27 His wildnesse, mortify'd in him, Seem'd to dye too. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xii. 60 With other signes of private interest, enough to mortifie the most lively Faith.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 103 The knowledge of future evils mortifies present felicities.
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. 373 He must take care at least so to mortify his Colours, that these plain poor Men may not appear,..adorn'd like so many Lords.
3. transitive. Chemistry and Alchemy. To alter the form of (a metal), e.g. by dissolution in acid; to neutralize or weaken the activity of (a chemical substance). Also in extended use. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [verb (transitive)] > mortification
mortifyc1395
c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 1126 This quyk siluer I wol mortifye.
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 19 (MED) Take also a litil quantite of Mer[curie] & mortifie it wiþ fastynge spotil.
1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount (1568) 101 b It will be good..for to mortifie other Quick Sylver.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 257 Clodius..to know what tast pearles had, mortified them in vinegre, and drunke them up.
1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. 315 The sharpnesse of the salt is totally mortified.
1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. x. 681/2 This Salt is..used in opening and purging Medicines to mortifie the Acids, which excite Fermentations in our Bodies.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Mortifie The Chymists say a thing is Mortify'd when its outward Form is altered or destroyed, as particularly when Mercury, or any other Metal is dissolved in an Acid Menstruum. Sometimes they say also, that Spirits are Mortified, when they are mix'd with such things as destroy their strength, and hinder their Operation.
1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 87 He would mortify in dung this auspicious yellow residue, from which he meant to distil or congeal a panacea.
4. † b. transitive. To render (a person) insensible or impervious to the attractions and pleasures of the world and the flesh. Obsolete.† c. intransitive. To practise mortification; to be an ascetic. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To bring (the body, or its appetites and passions) into subjection or under control by the practice of self-denial, abstinence, or bodily discipline.Originally and chiefly in religious contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [verb (transitive)] > mortify
crucifyc1320
mortify?c1422
cruciate1575
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > practise asceticism or mortification [verb (transitive)]
crucifyc1320
mortify?c1422
cruciate1575
?c1422 T. Hoccleve Ars Sciendi Mori l. 301 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 189 In holy wirkes your tyme occupie, And whyle it tyme is, vices mortifie.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 3665 Than oghte vs cristen men þat vice fleeme, And swiche lustes in vs mortifie.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 17 He that wol the lif of his saule lete hym mortifie hit & yeue it payne in this world.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 11 (MED) Som holy men..studied to mortefie hemself in all wises fro erþely desires.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. viii. 13 But if ye mortifie the dedes off the body by the helpe off the sprete ye shall live.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Coloss. iii. 5 Mortifie therfore youre members which are on the erth, fornicacion [etc.].
c1535 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Prol. to Rom. 340 Quhilk spret..subdewis, ande mortifyis the fleiss.
1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 163 In that thay abstein fra flesh thay do it to mortifie the body.
1660 Bp. J. Taylor Worthy Communicant i. §6. 110 Give me strength to subdue my passions, to mortifie my inordinations.
1669 Earl of Winchelsea True Relation Mt. Ætna 17 Great multitudes of People, some of them mortifying themselves with Whips.
1812 R. Wilson Diary 24 June (1861) I. 96 Allen only was a little inclined to mortify his appetite, as fingers were used instead of forks.
1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 61 Mortify Your flesh..with scourges and with thorns.
1864 W. W. Story Roba di Roma (ed. 3) III. 39 They really mortify the flesh by penance, fasting, and wretched fare.
1935 G. Santayana Last Puritan iii. ix. 382 The suffering may be a means of mortifying and outgrowing your sins.
1962 K. A. Porter Ship of Fools 193 For such as he there was only one remedy—to mortify the flesh until the hard knot of the will was reached and dissolved.
1994 Denver Post 8 Feb. b7/1 Health enthusiasts who..mortify themselves on body-building machines.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [verb (transitive)] > mortify > render dead to the world or flesh
mortify1556
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > practise asceticism or mortification [verb (transitive)] > render dead to sin or the world
mortify1556
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie B b I am not mortified to beare distres.
1567 Duke of Norfolk in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. 501 I am too well mortified to care for slanderous reports.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 111 b Your philosophie perchaunce hath so mortified you, that you can promise your selfe the constancie of that Philosopher whome a woman tooke for an image.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [verb (intransitive)] > practise mortification
mortify1568
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > practise asceticism or mortification [verb (intransitive)]
mortify1568
1568 H. Billingsley tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Learned Comm. Epist. Romanes 203 To mortefy is nothing els, but for a man to be violent against himselfe, and to withstand and resist wicked lustes.
1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 139 What can be a more wretched Sight, than to see a Man mortify without Religion?
1745 E. Young Consolation 117 They mortify, they starve, on Wealth, Fame, Power.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xxxii. 223 She is retired to Shirley-manor, to mortify, after so rich a regale.
1784 R. Bage Barham Downs I. 164 If you will mortify with me to-night upon toasted cheese and ale.
a1817 J. Austen Watsons in Wks. (1954) VI. 336 Imagine him mortifying with his Barrel of Oysters, in dreary solitude.
1842 R. H. Barham Nell Cook!! in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 126 And a Warden-pie's a dainty dish to mortify withal.
ΚΠ
1479 in Bannatyne Misc. (1855) III. 431 [A tax on lands] except the landis being in our handis and the landis mortifiit to the kirk.
1579 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) III. 170/1 Vpoun euery ane of the saidis donationis as mortifijt to the said hospitall in maner foirsaid.
a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) x. iv. f. 355, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Sa mony rentis as Vngus mortifyit to the kirk.
1622 in Bannatyne Misc. (1855) III. 202 Thair was awin..to..Mr. John Dauidsone, quhilk he mortefeit to the skole of Prestounepanis [£466/13/4].
1695 Cullen Kirk Session Rec. 13 Jan. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue The deceased William Lautie..did a long while agoe mortifie a croaft of land.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xiii. 75 She has..mortify'd, as the Scots call it, 150l. as a Fund for Loans, without Interest.
1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. iii. 121 When a minister and heritors disagree as to the propriety of cutting trees on a glebe, the matter must be determined by the Judge Ordinary, and their value, when cut, mortified for behoof of the benefice.
1885 A. Mackay in Dict. National Biogr. III. 154 In 1380..Barbour mortified his pension of twenty shillings in favour of the cathedral.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of meat > dress animals for food [verb (transitive)] > hang
mortify1572
hang1599
1572 L. Mascall Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees Exhort. sig. C.ijv Ye must digge your holes a yeare before ye plant that the earth may be the better seasoned, mortifyed and waxe tender.
1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course i. f. 15v Raw flesh..which they do presse betweene two stones..or els do mortifie it on the backe of a horse when a man is on him.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Faisander, to mortifie fowle.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §891 Try it also with Capon..laid abroad, to see whether it will mortifie and become tender sooner.
1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour iii. i. sig. F2v With a worthy loyne of veale, and valiant Capon, Mortifi'd to grow tender.
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 284 Let them lie..in the Sun to mortifie them a little, that they may the better receive in the Salt.
1683 J. Reid Scots Gard'ner App. 115 Lay it [sc. purslain] a day or two in the Sun to mortifie.
1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 192 They presented us..a goat which proved very good, because we let it mortify some hours.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Apple Sharp Apples..are very often good for sick Persons, but they should be..baked in an Oven, or roasted at a Fire, or mortify'd a little with the Vapour of hot Water.
1790 G. Morris Diary 22 Jan. (1889) I. 276 As that day does not suit the company, poor Monsieur Trout must e'en mortify two days longer.
7. transitive. To cause to feel humiliated; to cause (a person) mortification, to embarrass. Frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)]
anitherOE
fellOE
lowc1175
to lay lowc1225
to set adownc1275
snuba1340
meekc1350
depose1377
aneantizea1382
to bring lowa1387
declinea1400
meekenc1400
to pull downc1425
avalec1430
to-gradea1440
to put downc1440
humble1484
alow1494
deject?1521
depress1526
plucka1529
to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533
to bring down1535
to bring basec1540
adbass1548
diminish1560
afflict1561
to take down1562
to throw down1567
debase1569
embase1571
diminute1575
to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576
exinanite1577
to take (a person) a peg lower1589
to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589
disbasea1592
to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592
comb-cut1593
unpuff1598
atterr1605
dismount1608
annihilate1610
crest-fall1611
demit1611
pulla1616
avilea1617
to put a scorn on, upon1633
mortify1639
dimit1658
to put a person's pipe out1720
to let down1747
to set down1753
humiliate1757
to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789
start1821
squabash1822
to wipe a person's eye1823
to crop the feathers of1827
embarrass1839
to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864
to sit upon ——1864
squelch1864
to cut out of all feather1865
to sit on ——1868
to turn down1870
to score off1882
to do (a person) in the eye1891
puncture1908
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
to cut down to size1927
flatten1932
to slap (a person) down1938
punk1963
1639 J. Shirley Ball iii. sig. F4 We come to mortifie you.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 28 The Commons nothing mortified with these tart and vinacre expressions [of the king], kept close to their proper stations.
1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 193 The bull of the last pope had extreamly mortifyed that court.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. xxxv I had no design in't, but to mortifie him a little for his pertness.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iii. 60 Nothing angered and mortified me so much as the Queen's Dwarf.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 281 He was fond of mortifying a man whom he had many reasons to hate.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. v. 40 I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine . View more context for this quotation
1837 B. Disraeli Venetia I. 72 No one was more mortified by her rages.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native II. iii. vii. 202 Wildeve was mortified by the discovery that the matter in transit was money, and not..some fancy nicknack.
1933 R. C. Hutchinson Unforgotten Prisoner ix. 230 He was long past being mortified by his own frequent appearances before high authority.
1984 P. Rose Parallel Lives (1985) 76 It mortified Effie that her husband left her constantly alone.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > consonant > make consonantal [verb (transitive)] > make lenis
lower1800
mortify1808
lenate1909
lenite1912
1808 W. Neilson Introd. Irish Lang. i. 4 B, c, d, f, g, m, p, s, t, are called mutable, because they can be aspirated, or mortified, i.e. change or lose their sound, by the addition of h.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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