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单词 moses
释义

Mosesn.

Brit. /ˈməʊzᵻz/, U.S. /ˈmoʊzəs/
Forms: late Middle English–1600s Moyses, 1500s– Moses. Plural 1500s Moyseses, 1600s Moses's, 1600s Mosesses, 1800s– Moses, 1800s– Moseses.
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mōsēs.
Etymology: < classical Latin Mōsēs, Mōȳsēs < Hellenistic Greek Μωσῆς, Μωυσῆς (1st cent. b.c.) < biblical Hebrew Mōšeh the name of the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and passed on to them the Ten Commandments, and to whom the authorship of the Pentateuch was traditionally ascribed.The further etymology of Hebrew Mōšeh is uncertain. It perhaps represents a Hebrew assimilation of the Egyptian name Mose or of Egyptian ms child, (one) born, which reflects Moses' adoption by the Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus 2:5–10). Alternatively, Mōšeh may be taken to represent the present active participle of Hebrew māšāh to draw (out of the water) which relates to Moses' having been taken from the waterside; this is the traditional explanation and the one given by the writer of Exodus (Exodus 2:10). The name is attested in English contexts from the Old English period in the forms Moyses (accusative Moysen , Moyses ), Moises , Moses , and in the Middle English period also in the forms Moysen , Moseyes . The form Moises persists into the 17th cent. alongside the modern form Moses . Sense 1b arises from the depiction of Moses with horns frequent in Western art from the 11th cent. onwards (a very early instance being in British Library MS Cotton Claudius B. IV), arising from mistranslation of Exodus 34:29 in the Vulgate ‘ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua ex consortio sermonis Domini’ (where cornutus has the post-classical Latin sense ‘flashing with rays of light, haloed’, rather than the classical Latin sense ‘horned’). Compare Middle French, French †parent de Moyse (late 16th cent.), French †moïse (mid 18th cent.); also:1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Moyse, Holie Moyses; whose ordinarie counterfeit hauing on either side of the head an eminence, or luster arising somewhat in the forme of a horne, hath imbouldened a prophane Author to stile Cuckolds, Parents de Moyse.
1.
a. A person resembling the Hebrew prophet Moses, esp. as lawgiver or leader. Cf. Mosaic adj.2 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > leader
lattewc825
lodera1325
chieftainc1386
foreleadera1400
bellwetherc1430
aurigac1460
leader1489
Moses1528
ringleader1548
general1582
foreman1603
coryphaeus1633
foreheada1641
senator1656
father1771
o-muraji1869
simba1964
neta1984
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. xiij How cometh it that oure Moyseses..commaunde vs the contrary.
1624 T. Taylor 2 Serm. ii. 23 As Israel had not only Ioshua fighting..but also Moses praying..; so wee have many Mosesses lifting up hands, and praiers.
1651 J. Owen Advantage Kingdome of Christ 8 They will not understand, that such Moses's shall be deliverers.
a1748 I. Watts God's Dominion over Sea in Wks. (1810) ii If but a Moses wave thy rod, The sea divides and owns its God.
1870 D. Macrae Americans I. 233 You lookin', sah, at President Linkum? We call him de Moses of de coloured people. He led us forth out of de land of bondage.
1888 Times (Weekly ed.) 22 June 14/3 He prayed for another Moses to limit the wanderings of the..party to four years instead of 40.
1963 M. L. King Strength to Love viii. 61 In nearly every territory in Asia and Africa a courageous Moses pleaded passionately for the freedom of his people.
1987 New Yorker 9 Feb. 101/1 A victim of the quadrennial itch for another, better Moses.
b. slang. A man who (knowingly or unknowingly) stands as father to an illegitimate child. Also in to stand Moses. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1796 Grose's Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 3) (at cited word) A man is said to stand Moses when he has another man's bastard child fathered upon him, and he is obliged by the parish to maintain it.
1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum s.v. (Farmer) Moses, a man that fathers another man's child for a consideration.
c. Used as an oath, interjection, etc., or in emphatic phrases; esp. in holy Moses! by the piper(s) that played before Moses: see piper n.1 Phrases 3.
ΚΠ
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. vii*. 112 Oh! holy Moses! O! blessed Aaron! the dream is not dreamed for nought, and the vision cometh not in vain!]
1840 Jumbo Jum (song) in Amer. Speech (1965) 40 130 Oh! Moses how they opened dare eyes.
1855 J. Strang Glasgow & its Clubs (1856) 295 Very well the front rank; but holy Moses! what a rear!
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xi. 298 The parson..stopped perplexed At what the—Moses—was coming next.
1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 595 By the Ever-Living Jumping Moses.
1932 J. T. Farrell Young Lonigan i. 21 He had bashed the living moses out of that smoke who pulled a razor on him over in Carter Playground.
1991 W. Fox Willoughby's Phoney War (BNC) 91Holy Moses!’ Peregrine had murmured the words seconds after the catastrophe happened.
d. colloquial (derogatory). A Jewish person (esp. as representing Judaism generally). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Semite > [noun] > Jew
JudeishOE
Judew?a1160
Jewa1225
Jew mana1382
Israelitec1384
Hebrewc1450
Hebraean1509
Christ-killer1532
Hebrician1542
Jacobinea1625
Shylock1786
Jew boy1796
sheeny1824
ikey1836
Moses1844
Yahudi1858
Yiddisher1859
Yid1874
Semite1881
mocky1893
kike1901
five-to-two1914
Jewy1914
shonicker1914
ikeymo1922
non-Aryan1922
non-Aryan1924
four-by-two1936
shonk1938
bagel1956
Hymie1956
mock1967
yiddo1972
1844 Punch 6 July 19/1 (heading) A hint for Moses... Passing by the eminent establishment of E. Aaron and Co.,..I was naturally attracted..to examine the beauteous objects of gent.'s attire, which are exhibited in their unrivalled plate-glass windows.
1858 Punch 10 July 12/2 The Jews are no more a disqualified caste, And moses will henceforth in Parliament sit.
1879 Scribner's Monthly 19 297 They keep up correspondence with all of the ten tribes, and are on intimate terms with all the little Moseses of the Ghetto of Paris.
2.
a. = Moses boat n. (b).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > boat attendant on larger vessel > [noun] > boat plying between ship shore
strand boat1670
bumboat1671
Moses1736
shore-boat1804
foy-boat1813
bunder-boat1825
bumbarge1839
tender1853
trot-boat1945
1736 Boston Weekly News-let. 2 Apr. 1/2 Whereupon the Company betook themselves to their Moses (i.e. a flat bottom'd Boat) and got safe to one of the Virgin Islands.
1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. 87 In almost every gut among the many islands in this bay, I have found it as much as four stout men could do, to stem the current in a Moses.
1990 H. Fraser et al. A-Z Barbadian Heritage 69/2 Bottom fishing..takes place in much shallower waters over coral reefs from open boats or moses.
b. = Moses boat n. (a). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels from specific country or region > [noun] > types of regional vessel > in North America
Moses boat1705
Moses1737
bungo1854
laker1887
1737 S.-Carolina Gaz. 14 May 3/1 By Capt. Soaper who arrived here last Week from North-Carolina, we are informed, that in his Voyage to that Place..he met with Capt. Ebenezer Welch, his Mate, and four Men more in a small Boat, called a Moses.
1822 Life & Adv. John Nicol, Mariner v. 57 George Innes and I were proceeding through the plantation to inform the master; the double Moses was on the beach for sugar.
3. prickly Moses: see prickly adj. Compounds 2.

Compounds

attributive and in the genitive, designating things relating to or reminiscent of Moses.
Moses basket n. [compare French moïse (1889)] a small portable cot for a baby, esp. one made of wickerwork.With allusion to the hiding of the infant Moses in a caulked basket of bulrushes, concealed among Nile reeds, to escape Pharoah's order for the killing of all newborn Hebrew boys ( Exodus ii. 1–10).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > for carrying > for carrying baby
baby basket1843
Moses basket1924
1924 Times 23 Oct. 12 There is a wonderfully decorated cradle, and a ‘Moses basket’ for taking a baby into the garden.
1945 N. Mitford Pursuit of Love x. 84 She..returned carrying a Moses basket full of wails.
1974 ‘J. Melville’ Nun's Castle i. 22 A display of nursery furniture, including an elegant Moses basket of natural straw lined with soft cotton.
2000 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) Sept. 30/5 (advt.) Moses basket, blue and white, stand, exc. cond.
Moses' law n. (a) the ancient law of the Hebrews, contained in the Pentateuch; = Mosaic law n. at Mosaic adj.2 1; (b) (among pirates) a punishment of thirty-nine lashes (one short of the biblical limit of forty lashes: see Deuteronomy 25:3) (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > beating
swingingc1200
beating?c1225
chastising1303
correctionc1386
lashingc1400
scouring1426
Moses' law1482
jerking1552
whipping1566
yarking1573
feaking1600
correct1606
tawing1620
lacing1622
castigation1640
basking1642
verberation1661
strappado1668
the lash1694
flogging1758
whopping1812
quilting1822
blistering1842
whaling1852
nailing1895
1482 W. Caxton tr. Higden's Prolicionycion iii. f. clv Wyse men of the Iewes that shold torne moyses lawe oute of hebrew in to grue[k].
1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 32 Our Saviour heer confutes not Moses Law, but the false glosses that deprav'd the Law.
1742 A. B. Myst. Phanaticism xii. 105 The numerous and burdensome Rites and Ceremonies of Moses' Law.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Moses' law, the term among pirates for inflicting thirty-nine lashes on the bare back—forty save one.
1994 Goderich (Ont.) Signal-Star 25 May b12/2 An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth,..given in the Moses law.
2013 L. J. Swain in A. J. Zinn et al. Illuminating Moses 59 The Chronicler gives his sons and descendants names and ties his hero Ezra to Moses, a scribe skilled in Moses' law (Ezra 7:1).
Moses' rod n. Obsolete rare a divining rod.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > detection of radiation > detecting subterraneous springs, etc. > rhabdomancy > divining-rod
rod1617
Moses' rod1646
divining-wand1656
virgula divina or divinatoria1656
Mosaical roda1681
dowsing-rod1692
divining-stick1712
waggers1747
divining-rod1751
mineral rod1797
fork1886
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica v. xxi. 271 A forked hazell, commonly called Moses his rod, which freely held forth, will stirre and play if any mine be under it. View more context for this quotation
Moses-seam n. Obsolete rare a type of seam used in sailmaking (see quot. 1875).
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1484/2 Moses-seam, a sail~maker's seam, as the selvages of the canvas lap past each other.
Moses sole n. a light brown sole (flatfish) with dark spots, Pardachirus marmoratus (family Soleidae), found in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, which produces a toxic substance repellent to sharks.
ΚΠ
1976 Audubon Sept. 35/1 Early indications are that this fish, the so-called Moses sole..exudes a milky toxin that might lead to development of a shark repellent that really works.
1996 European Jrnl. Biochem. 237 303 Pardaxin, a 33-amino-acid pore-forming polypeptide toxin isolated from the Red Sea Moses sole Pardachirus marmoratus, has a helix-hinge-helix structure.
Moses' tables n. [see quot. 1806: the allusion is to the stone tablets in Exodus 32:15–16] Scottish Obsolete a kind of light-coloured granite with a distinctive dark pattern found at Portsoy on the north-east coast of Scotland.
ΚΠ
1806 Gazetteer Scotl. Introd. p. xii At Portsoy is found that singular kind of granite called Moses' Tables, which, when polished, resembles the Hebrew characters, on a white ground.

Derivatives

ˈMoses-like adv. and adj.
ΚΠ
1851 A. A. Watts Love of Poetry not Extinct in Lyrics of Heart 293 Have ye not raised the feeble up..As, Moses-like, ye struck the heart With the charmed wand of Song!
1872 Catholic World Jan. 559 The Moses-like rod of Pugin.
1924 S. G. Millin God's Step-children 82 This Kapteijn Adam Kok led his people, Moses-like (but across mountains, not deserts) to a new home.
1973 Advocate-News (Barbados) 22 Jan. 1/6 They ran into bad weather and poor visibility about 2 p.m. and drifted..down to St. Vincent in their motor powered ‘canot’, a moses-like vessel.
1995 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 54 654 His proposal for a..Moses-like Legislator..supposes not an ordinary ruler of humankind but someone with superhuman powers.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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