mournv.¹

Brit.

/mɔːn/, U.S.

/mɔrn/

Forms: Old English mearn (1st and 3rd singular past indicative), Old English murnan, Old English murndan (plural past indicative), Old English murnde (1st and 3rd singular past indicative), Old English murnon (plural past indicative), Middle English marned (past tense), Middle English morene, Middle English morȝne (probably transmission error), Middle English morme (transmission error), Middle English morun, Middle English mourene, Middle English mowrn, Middle English mowrne, Middle English mowurne, Middle English muran, Middle English murni, Middle English–1500s moorn, Middle English–1500s morn, Middle English–1600s moorne, Middle English–1600s morne, Middle English–1600s mourne, Middle English–1600s murne, Middle English–1600s (1800s– English regional (northern)) murn, 1500s– mourn, 1800s– moorn (English regional); Scottish pre-1700 moorne, pre-1700 morn, pre-1700 morne, pre-1700 murnn, pre-1700 mwrn, pre-1700 mwrne, pre-1700 1700s– mourn, pre-1700 1700s– murn, pre-1700 (1800s archaic) mourne, pre-1700 1800s– murne, 1900s– moorn; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– murn.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon mornon , mornian to be sorrowful or troubled, Old High German mornēn to sorrow, Gothic maurnan to worry, concern oneself < a Germanic aorist present verb, probably < the Indo-European base of memory n.; compare ancient Greek μέριμνα care, sorrow, μέρμερος causing much care or grief. In senses 5 and 6, perhaps influenced by moan v.Although sometimes cited as a cognate, the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic morna to waste away, wither, Norwegian (Nynorsk) morna to fall apart, crumble, dissolve, waste away, is probably unrelated, and is to be derived rather from the Germanic base of merrow adj. Weak inflections are already attested in Old English alongside the original strong ones, and by Middle English the verb is only conjugated weak. The unusual Middle English past form marned , if it is not simply a scribal error, may perhaps show the influence of the old strong inflections. In Old English the prefixed form bemurnan bemourn v., is also attested.

†1.

a. intransitive. To be anxious or worried; to care; to have regard for. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > anxiety > be anxious [verb (intransitive)]

mournOE

careOE

howOE

carka1350

to take thoughta1470

carp1522

sussy1570

ho1787

moil1889

to stress out1983

stress1988

OE Andreas (1932) 99 Ne beo ðu on sefan to forht, ne on mode ne murn.

OE Beowulf 1442 Gyrede hine Beowulf eorlgewædum, nalles for ealdre mearn.

OE Waldere i. 24 Ne murn ðu for ði mece; ðe wearð maðma cyst gifeðe to geoce.

lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) vii. 16 Gif þu þonne heora þegen beon wilt & þe heora þeawas liciað, to hwon myrnst þu swa swiðe?

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 964 (MED) Aȝen to hure þu turne & seie þat heo ne murne.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 3885 Bot, neuou, murn þou na wight.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. ii. sig. aij She merueilled who that myght be that laye with her in lykenes of her lord, so she mourned pryuely and held hir pees.

b. transitive. To care about, have regard for. Also with dative object or that-clause. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

OE Beowulf 3129 Lyt ænig mearn, þæt hi ofostlice ut geferedon dyre maðmas.

OE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Nero) in R. Torkar Eine altenglische Übersetzung von Alcuins De Virtutibus et Vitiis (1981) 249 Domas sceolon beon butan ælcere hadarunge; þæt ys, þæt he ne murne, naðer ne rycum ne heanum, ne leofum ne laðum folcriht to recceanne.

lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) xxxvii. 111 Se þe hiora welt ne myrnð nauþer ne friend ne fiend þe ma þe wedende hund.

†2.

a. intransitive. To yearn (for); to hanker after. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn for [verb (transitive)] > pine for

mournOE

languish1567

repine1641

OE Andreas (1932) 37 Hie ne murndan æfter mandreame, hæleþ heorogrædige.

OE Nativity of Virgin (Hatton) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 125 Heo on bæc ne beseah, ne æfter hyre yldrum ne murnde, swa swa cildra gewuna is.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 187 His deore spuse se swiðe murnede efter him þet heo wið uten him delit nefde i na þing.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 37 Ase hire..for wham þus muchel y mourne may, for duel to deþ y dreyȝe.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 769 (MED) He..held him finliche i-fed his fille to loke on þe mayde meliors chaumber for wham he s[o] morned.

c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3704 I moorne [v.rr. morne, mourne] as dooth a lamb after the tete.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 2503 Thus shalt thou morne and eke compleyn, And gete enchesoun to goon ageyn..Where thou biheelde hir fleshly face.

1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Norbert (1977) l. 655 This is þe holy messager of God..The turtill of perseueraunce þat can neuyr sees To morne for his make whann he wantith presens Of swech þing as he loueth.

a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) 276 (MED) Therinne..ys þat maye For whom y morne boþe nyȝt and day.

1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 691, in Wks. (1931) I. 164 Thocht Frenche Ladies did for him murne, The Scottis wer glaid of his returne.

b. transitive. To long to do something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)] > lament to

mournc1275

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 14369 He murnede [c1300 Otho mornede] ful swiðe to habben þat mæiden to wiue.

a. intransitive. To feel or express sorrow, grief, or regret. Also figurative.In early use frequently of the heart, soul, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)]

sorroweOE

sorryeOE

careOE

heavyOE

mournOE

rueOE

murkenOE

dole13..

likec1330

wailc1374

ensorrowc1384

gloppen?a1400

sytea1400

teena1400

grievec1400

angera1425

erme1481

yearna1500

aggrieve1559

discomfort?a1560

melancholyc1580

to eat one's (own) heart1590

repent1590

passion1598

sigh1642

OE Cynewulf Crist II 500 Him wæs geomor sefa hat æt heortan, hyge murnende, þæs þe hi swa leofne leng ne mostun geseon under swegle.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 231 Þench a mon þe hefde al þe world onwalde. & hefde for his cwedschipe for loren al on astunde hu he walde Murnen & sari wurðen.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 3116 In hire bure heo abed & þolede þene mod-kare & mornede swþe.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2053 He herde hem murnen, he hem freinde for-quat.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. v. 5 Blessid be thei that mournen [a1425 L.V. mornen; L. lugent], for thei shuln be comfortid.

c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 848 I shal make thyn herte for to morne, For wel I woot thy pacience is gon.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 344/1 Moornyn, and sorowyn, mereo, gemo.

c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 346 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 109 Þane scho cane murne, gretand sare.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 46 Apone sic materis I mus at mydnyght full oft And murnys so in my mynd, I murdris my selfin.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liv. 181 When Huon sawe howe he had not wherewith to arme him his hert mourned ryght sore.

1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 86^v In all euyll thou mayst fynde cause to mourne and sorowe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 73 The prettie babes That mourn'd for fashion, ignorant what to feare.

1640 in D. Laing Var. Pieces Fugitive Sc. Poetry (1853) 2nd Ser. xix. 54 I trust before our martial troups return Our British and our Irish foes shall murne.

1731 G. Jeffreys Merope i. i. 2 Are we sunk so womanishly low, That we can only mourn, and rail, and pray?

1786 R. Burns Poems 164 Unmindful, tho' a weeping wife, And helpless offspring mourn.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 299 It is as we would say, ‘Let me mourn on’, a mourning inexhaustible, because the woe too and the cause of grief was unceasing.

1886 Lantern 8 Sept. 4/3 The Royal Street actors who are walking on their uppers, must mourn..when they..hear of some of the boys spending 200 a week yachting.

1929 N.Y. Times 26 Oct. 2/8 Commenting on the Wall Street crash of yesterday, the German press unanimously agrees that Germany has no reason to mourn.

1995 Independent 21 Oct. 13 (heading) Few mourn as the blunt Belgian packs his bags.

b. transitive. To grieve or sorrow for; to regret; to lament, deplore, bewail, bemoan. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)]

sorroweOE

meaneOE

bemournOE

mournOE

bemoanc1000

ofthink?c1225

bequeatha1325

moana1325

plain1340

wail1362

bewailc1374

complainc1374

waymenta1400

grievec1400

sorrowa1425

regratec1480

lament1535

deplore1567

dole1567

condole1607

pine1667

rave1810

OE Fortunes of Men 20 Sum [sceal] on feðe lef, seonobennum seoc, sar cwanian, murnan meotudgesceaft mode gebysgad.

a1325 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Cambr.) xxvi, in Anglia (1881) 4 187 (MED) Þat eie ne seth, herte ne mournit.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 2671 (MED) Whan þe twylyȝt, wiþ a pale chere, In maner morneth þe absence of þe sonne, And nyȝt aprocheþ.

a1500 Liber Pluscardensis (Marchm.) (1877) I. 382 Help to murn this dul.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 133 Heraclites vald murn & lament for pite, our misire and our affliction.

1586 Countess of Pembroke Lay of Clorinda 96 Thus do we weep and waile,..Mourning, in others, our own miseries.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 298 To murne and Lament thair sinis.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 203 To mourne a mischeife that is past and gone, Is the next way to draw more mischiefe on.

1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride iii. i. 39 All those Ills, which thou so long hast mourn'd.

1713 J. Addison Cato i. vi Portius himself oft falls in tears before me, As if he mourn'd his rival's ill success.

1751 R. O. Cambridge Scribleriad iv. 161 But not unhonour'd shall he halt away, Or giftless mourn this unauspicious day.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna x. xliii. 233 As near one lover's tomb Two gentle sisters mourn their desolation.

1888 Dict. National Biogr. XL. 192/1 On her sailing for England in March 1785, he mourned her departure as that of his only valuable friend in the islands.

1900 H. Lawson Over Sliprails 108 Finally he was left, the last of his tribe, to mourn his lot in solitude.

1915 A. S. Neill Dominie's Log xviii. 216 They say that when a man dies..he looks back and mourns the things that he's left undone.

1984 A. N. Wilson Hilaire Belloc i. viii. 201 They both mourned a rural, hierarchical England which was vanishing forever.

c. transitive. With clause (esp. that-clause) as object.

ΚΠ

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ix. 15 And Jhesus saide to hem, Whether the sonys of the spouse..mow weilen or mourne how longe the spouse is with hem?

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6591 Then Menestaus mournyt & mykell sorow hade That Troilus, þe triet, was takyn of his hond.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 95 Thow sall not follow wickit mennis wayis, Nor zit murne that sinfull haif gude dayis.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 257 O if in blacke my Ladyes browes be deckt, It mournes, that painting vsurping haire Should rauish dooters with a false aspect.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Cor. v. 2 And yee are puffed vp, and haue not rather mourned, that he that hath done this deed, might bee taken away from among you.

1700 C. Hopkins Friendship Improv'd iv. 40 I mourn my Father's Fate, and not my own. Mourn, that I cannot hurl this Murth'rer down To Sulph'rous Lakes.

1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 338 I seem'd not to Mourn that I had committed such Crimes,..but..that I was to be punish'd for it.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna ii. xxxvi. 50 She mourned that grace and power were thrown as food To the hyena lust.

1869 C. Elliott Hours of Sorrow 96 And can we mourn that God, in love, Saw fit so early to remove Your spirits to his courts above.

a1900 E. C. Dowson Poet. Wks. (1934) 159 What tho' I sit in utter night..And mourn that love should be so fleet.

1966 G. Barker Dreams of Summer Night 55 The head of Pompey..Forgets as it mourns that all it has lost is the mystical Body of loving and of suffering.

2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 14 Feb. w15/6 He mourns that today ‘playing the race card is done as if it were some kind of sport’.

d. intransitive. With for, over. Formerly also with †at, †of, †on, †upon.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 19014 For þair misdedes morun.

a1500 Liber Pluscardensis (Marchm.) (1877) I. 388 Quhy suld we then for faire deed murn or meyn?

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 640/2 He morneth sore for the losse of his father.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hosea x. 5 Therfore shall the people mourne ouer them.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 151 He..Fell..by this declension, Into the madnes wherein now he raues, And all we mourne for.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Esdras viii. 72 I mourned for the iniquitie.

1650 J. Nicoll Diary (1836) 17 To murne for thair awin iniquities.

1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride i. i. 8 Some Here are who seem to mourn at our Success!

1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. v. 124 What we laugh'd at, and made a Jest of in our Children before, we must now mourn over, and correct them for.

1789 J. Witherspoon Pract. Treat. Regeneration (ed. 3) iii. §4 They never mourned for sin in a manner corresponding to the strong scripture declarations of its odious and hateful nature.

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Disowned I. x. 165 Let us not waste them in mourning over blighted hopes and severed hearts.

1875 J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. (1878) iii. 12 We have, then, not a past to mourn for, but a future to win.

1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 21/2 Recently a friend of mine was mourning over the fact that the center of a crocheted doily she was making..would not lie flat.

1990 J. Houston In Search of Happiness (BNC) 223 We all need to mourn for our own sins and for the negative contribution we bring into the world.

2001 Philippine Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 2 Apr. 9 We shall be wringing our hands, mourning over the loss of our freedoms.

†e. transitive. With out. To wear out (grief, an emotion, etc.) by mourning; to pass (time) in mourning. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxx. 126 Quhat will it mend to murne thy senses out?

1637 J. Shirley Lady of Pleasure i sig. B4^v She ha's Mourned out her yeare too for the honest Knight That had compassion of her youth, and dy'd So timely.

1682 T. Otway Venice Preserv'd v. 67 My nights, Which I must now mourn out in widdow'd tears.

1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. ix. 218 There they would repent, and pray, and mourn out life side by side, if perhaps God would have mercy upon their souls.

4. spec. To lament or grieve over a death.

a. intransitive. To lament the death of someone. Also with about, after, for, †upon. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief [verb (intransitive)]

sorroweOE

meaneOE

careOE

mournOE

ofthink?c1225

to make sorrow?c1250

to make languorc1300

bemoanc1305

plainc1325

moanc1330

wailc1330

waymentc1350

complainc1374

to make syte?a1400

sweam14..

lamentc1515

bemournc1540

regratec1550

to sing sol-fa, sorrow, woe1573

condole1598

passion1598

deplore1632

ochone1829

rune1832

OE Beowulf 1385 Selre bið æghwæm, þæt he his freond wrece, þonne he fela murne.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Hosea x. 5 For the peple therof mournyde vpon [a1425 L.V. mourenyde on; L. luxit super] hym.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23984 Clething wil i me tak o care..And murn wit hir þat him [sc. Christ] bar.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 20 (MED) Of his body was no force, non for him wild murne.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 5577 (MED) Þus I leue hem siȝe and sorwe make, Þis cely wommen, in her cloþes blake, Shroude her facis, & wympled, mourne in veyn.

c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 103 (MED) They mornyd for þe morthir of manffull knyȝtis.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii Than schir spynagros..Murnyt for schir gawyne.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xxxv. 24 All Iuda and Ierusalem mourned for Iosias.

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates York i Nor yet to mourne, for this my sonne is dead.

1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades iii. 57 Priam commanded none should mourne but in still silence yeeld, Their honored carkases to fire: and onelie greeue in hart.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 91 I haue..buried a wife, mourn'd for her [etc.] .

1695 M. Prior Ode after Queen's Death iii For Her the Wise and Great shall mourn.

1756 C. Smart tr. Horace Art of Poetry (1826) II. 351 Those who mourn at funerals for pay, do and say more than those that are afflicted from their hearts.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I v, in Wks. (1870) II. 394 A widow bird sate mourning for her love Upon a wintry bough.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam ix. 12 So draw him home to those that mourn In vain.

1859 H. B. Stowe Minister's Wooing xxiv. 371 Miss Tyrel, who was mourning about her son..who was killed falling from mast-head.

1881 C. E. L. Riddell Senior Partner iv. 77 There is implanted a desire to be mourned after and remembered when earth's cares and vanities are for us no more.

1965 G. Gorer Death, Grief, & Mourning in Contemp. Brit. 111 But there is no analogous secular recognition of the fact that human beings mourn in response to grief, and that, if mourning is denied outlet, the result will be suffering, either psychological or physical or both.

1981 L. Lawrence Earth Witch (1982) iii. 18 No one mourned when Megan Davis died.

1995 I. Banks Whit xv. 255 My great-aunt mourned prodigiously..she tore her hair out by the roots.

b. transitive. To lament, grieve, or sorrow for (someone dead or someone's death); to express grief for.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit mourning for [verb (transitive)]

bestandc1000

mourna1382

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > sorrow caused by loss > suffer sorrow for loss of [verb (transitive)] > for death

mourna1382

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lamentation or expression of grief for death > lament the death of [verb (transitive)]

bestandc1000

bewailc1300

mourna1382

wail1382

regratec1480

meana1522

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings iii. 33 Al þe puple wepte & þe kyng weilynge & moornynge [L. lugens] Abner, seiþ, [etc.].

1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) 306 Mournynge thy deth, after y^e custome of y^e iewes.

a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 25, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Murn(e At the Romanis suld nocht heire the lamentatioun of wemen mornand thare woundit or deid husbandis.

1595 L. Bryskett Pastorall Aeglogue in E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. H2^v Hath the pore Turtle gon to school..To learne to mourne her lost make?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 41 Heere comes his Body, mourn'd by Marke Antony.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 760 As when a Father mourns His Childern.

1685 J. Dryden Threnodia Augustalis xiii. 18 The Muse that mourns him now his happy Triumph sung.

1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 6 Dost thou mourn Philander's fate?

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel vi. xxiii. 181 Soft is the note, and sad the lay, That mourns the lovely Rosabelle.

1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady 105 Thou mourn'd'st not most the vanished soul Which was my Lord's through thine.

1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am vi She loved him dearly, and mourned him more deeply than any of us.

1937 Dict. National Biogr. 1922–30 54/1 At the hour of his death Jewry mourned him with honours perhaps never before accorded to a Gentile.

1984 V. S. Naipaul Finding Centre iv. 66 The Parray woman lived on for some time, mourning her pundit son...She always wore white for grief.

2001 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Electronic ed.) 5 Apr. 7 (heading) Friends mourn death of snowmobile guide.

c. intransitive. To exhibit the conventional signs of grief for a period following the death of a person; esp. to wear mourning clothes. Also transitive. †to mourn up: to complete the period of mourning (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit formal or ceremonial mourning [verb (intransitive)]

mourn1530

the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit formal or ceremonial mourning [verb (intransitive)] > wear mourning garments

mourn1530

the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit formal or ceremonial mourning [verb (intransitive)] > observe period of mourning > complete period of mourning

to mourn up1530

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 640/2 I morne for a deed man, I weare blacke garmentes, je porte le dueil. Yonder gentylman morneth, by lykelyhodde his father is deed.

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergile De Invent. (1663) vi. vii. 239 Wherefore Numa ordained that such as mourned up before the day limited should offer a Cow..for an expiation.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 17 We mourne in black, why mourn we not in blood? Henry is dead, and neuer shall reuiue.

1661 P. Heylyn Ecclesia Restavrata II. iii. §3. 69 A Levite that mourned might not serve or sing.

1717 A. Pope Elegy Unfortunate Lady in Wks. 360 What tho' no friends in sable weeds appear, Grieve for an hour, perhaps, then mourn a year.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mourning The antient Spartan and Roman Ladies mourn'd in White... Kings and Cardinals mourn in Purple.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews iv. v, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 103 The people mourned for Aaron thirty days.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 250 When foreign princes died, he [sc. the Duke of Monmouth] had mourned for them in the long purple cloak, which [etc.].

1885 ‘H. Conway’ Family Affair III. ii. 35 He knew that for all that had befallen she was mourning in mental sackcloth and ashes.

1960 D. Lodge Picturegoers 191 ‘It's enough for us to be able to mourn him.’ The significance of Hilda's black clothes struck Clare suddenly with a little spasm of horror.

1988 A. Walker Enemy Territory (BNC) 55 The sun itself could not look upon the death of God. The sky turned black and, as it were, God the Father mourned and turned his back on his only Son.

1996 A. Michaels Fugitive Pieces i. 138 The names of those to be mourned, read aloud in the synagogue.

a. intransitive. To utter lamentations, etc., to someone. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lamentation or expression of grief for death > express grief for death [verb (intransitive)]

mourna1382

to wear (the) willow1584

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) Matt. xi. 17 We han mourned to ȝou, and ȝe han nat weilid.

1533 J. Gau in tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay To Rdr. sig. Aiv Bot ane chrissine prayer is quhen ane man prais and murnis inuertlie in his hart to god efter his help.

1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. iii. sig. F4^v (stage direct.) Enter Castabella mourning to the monument of Charlemont.

1709 A. Pope Autumn in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. vi. 739 Far from Thyrsis, to the Winds I mourn.

a1771 T. Gray Sonnet on Death R. West in Poems (1775) 60 I fruitless mourn to him, that cannot hear.

1828 S. T. Coleridge Constancy to Ideal Object 16 in Poet. Wks. II. 94 I mourn to thee and say—‘Ah! loveliest friend! That this the meed of all my toils might be.’

1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell iii. ii. 250 Yesterday, Man or no man, this was a living soul; What is this now? This tongue that mourned to me.

1908 ‘M. Field’ Wild Honey 78 Rain-drops..Mourn to them that are belovèd so!

1983 L. A. Murray People's Otherworld 54 Ships Mourning to each other below in the town.

b. transitive. Chiefly literary. To utter (a song, speech, a noise, etc.) in a mournful manner. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)] > utter in lamenting manner

complainc1385

weep1602

mourn1607

passion1844

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 463 The Lyon sighed deepely, and mourned forth a lamentable roaring.

1637 J. Milton Comus 9 Where the love-lorne Nightingale Nightly to thee her sad Song mourneth well.

1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 69 The Spirit mourn'd ‘Adieu!’

1889 W. S. Gilbert Gondoliers i. 14 Bury love that all condemn, And let the whirlwind mourn its requiem!

1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat xv. 268 ‘Where is our happiness gone?’ Pablo mourned.

1990 P. Pulsford Lee's Ghost (BNC) 58 ‘Black day, black day,’ she mourned, and switched off and played Mozart.

c. intransitive. Scottish, Irish English, and English regional (northern). To complain, grumble.

ΚΠ

1865 J. Young Homely Pictures in Verse 13 I hae a richt to hirp an' murn Oure that death-dealin' blast.

1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 323 Murn, to complain, to be querulous or peevish, to whine.

1895 ‘H. Haliburton’ Dunbar: Poems adapted for Mod. Readers 56 He's no' to maen, he needna murn Wha has enow to serve his turn.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 231/1 Murn, moan, complain.

6. intransitive. To make a low inarticulate sound indicative of grief, pain, hunger, etc.; to moan. Of an animal, bird, etc.: to make a similar sound. Now chiefly Scottish and English regional.In quot. a1822 with mixture of sense 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound (of dove)

mourna1522

crookle1574

crook1586

whorr1598

croo1611

coo1672

cruckle1691

roocoocoo1922

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > mournful or plaintive [verb (intransitive)]

knella1400

plaina1425

mourna1522

groan1602

complain1694

moan1805

dirge1907

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. xv. 145 The spreit of lyfe fled murnand with a grone.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lix. B We roare all like Beeres, & mourne stil like doues.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1872) I. vi. 39 The huddit crauis cryit varrok varrok, quhen the suannis murnit.

1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) To mourne or croo like a Doue, roucouler.

a1813 A. Wilson Hab's Door in Poems (1845) 197 His greetin' weans mourn out for bread.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Fragm. Unfinished Drama in Posthumous Poems (1824) 101 The dove mourned in the pine, Sad prophetess of sorrows not her own.

1881 Oxfordshire Gloss. Suppl., s.v. That poor baby do moorn.

1912 B. W. Green Word-bk. Virginia Folk-speech (ed. 2) 289 Mourn, to make a low, mourning noise: ‘He was mourning and groaning all night long.’

1928 J. L. R. Baxter A' Ae 'Oo' 10 Sol's reid pow keeked ower the hill, An' he forgot tae murn!

1983 Midwestern Jrnl. Lang. & Folklore 9 48 [Kentucky] Mourn,..to moo.

2000 M. Alvi Carrying my Wife 28 A bird mourns in the afternoon.

†7.

a. intransitive. Of an animal: to fail to thrive, be downcast, pine. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > of an animal: be ill [verb (intransitive)]

starvec1450

mourn1577

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 169^v The Pigion..mourneth, yf shee be restrained of her liberty.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 631 The cattell mourned for want of milkers.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Rabbit [The female rabbits] will otherwise mourn, and hardly bring up their Young.

1785 W. Cowper Task v. 27 The cattle mourn in corners where the fence Screens them [from the cold].

b. intransitive. Of a plant or flower: to droop, hang down. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)] > wilt or droop

wallowa1340

fade1340

welken1398

vade1492

flag1611

mourn1612

wilt1691

wilter1790

to miff off1883

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > grow in a specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > droop or hang down

drowkc1503

mourn1612

1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke ii. iii. 98 All things mourne, wither, fall and droupe.

1798 Trans. Soc. Arts 16 164 And by being dryer, the plants did not mourn so much as the others when the weather was wet.

1832 ‘B. Cornwall’ Eng. Songs ii. 3 The weed mourns on the castle wall.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mourn
释义	mournn. Brit. /mɔːn/, U.S. /mɔrn/, Scottish English /mʌrn/ Forms: Middle English morne, Middle English murn, Middle English murne, Middle English–1500s mourne, 1600s– mourn; also Scottish 1800s– murn, 1900s– murne. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mourn v.¹ Etymology: < mourn v.¹ Compare moan n. Now chiefly Scottish and literary. Sorrow, grief, mourning; a lament, a complaint. Also (in extended use): a murmuring sound. to make (a) mourn: to lament, sorrow. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [noun] carea1000 sorrowingOE meaninga1200 moan?c1225 mourning?c1225 plaint?c1225 ruthc1225 weimerc1230 mean?c1250 sorrow?c1250 dolec1290 plainingc1300 woec1300 dolourc1320 mourna1350 waymentingc1350 penancec1380 complaintc1384 lamentationc1384 complainingc1385 moaninga1400 waiminga1400 waymenta1400 waymentationc1400 dillc1420 merourec1429 plainc1475 regratec1480 complainc1485 regretc1500 lamenting1513 doleance1524 deploration1533 deplorement1593 condolement1602 regreeting1606 imploration1607 pother1638 dolinga1668 moanification1827 dolence1861 a1350 Maximian (Harl.) 200 in K. Böddeker Altengl. Dichtungen (1878) 251 My blisse is forlore; for mourne y make mest. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10478 (MED) Sco gaf hir al to murn [a1400 Gött. murne] and care. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24229 (MED) Þi mode..was in murn. a1450 York Plays (1885) 62 (MED) My lord god will I noght gayne-saye, Nor neuer make mornys nor mone. 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. C3 Is she not faire?... A prittie peate to driue your mourne away. 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem 79 John Gillon, Who, when he takes his Preaching-turn, Will make moe laugh then he makes mourn. 1811 C. Gray Poems 45 The bick'rin' burn In curlin' eddies gently played, Wi' pleasin' mourn. 1824 L. L. Cameron Hist. Marten & Two Little Scholars (new ed.) vii I helped to carry him to the grave, poor lad! His parents made great mourn over him. 1893 R. Ford Harp Perthshire 297 An' through the pools whaur they used to wade, The water rins by wi' a waefu' murn. 1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. I. iv. 178 Made mourn low, honouring young Centigern, Beloved of all the army. 1984 W. Boyd Stars & Bars ii. xii. 197 Demeter has her daughter stolen, right? She goes into a kind of deep mourn. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † mournadj. Forms: Middle English inorne (transmission error), Middle English morne, Middle English mourne, Middle English murne. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a word inherited from Germanic. Probably partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: mourn v.¹; French murne. morne. Etymology: Probably the continuation of an Old English adjective < the same base as mourn v.¹ (compare Old English unmurn untroubled), although probably reinforced by Anglo-Norman murne, mourne, Old French morne (12th cent.; French morne ), probably < an unattested Old French verb morner (compare amornir* to become sad) ultimately < the same Germanic base (see morne n.¹). Compare mornif adj., and later morne adj.² Obsolete. Sad, mournful, gloomy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] ungladc888 wearyc888 drearyc1000 dreary-moodOE heavyc1000 unmerryOE droopy?c1225 mournc1275 sada1300 languishinga1325 amayedc1330 matec1330 unlightc1330 unblissful1340 lowa1382 mishappyc1390 dullc1393 elengely1393 droopinga1400 heavy-hearteda1400 joylessa1400 sytefula1400 mornifc1400 tristy?c1400 lightless?1406 heartlessa1413 tristc1420 amatec1425 languoring?c1425 mirthlessc1430 heavisome1435 darkc1440 gloomingc1440 comfortlessc1460 amateda1470 chermatc1475 tristfula1492 lustless?1507 dolorous1513 ruthful1513 downcast1521 deject1528 heartsicka1529 lumpisha1535 coolc1540 dowlyc1540 glum1547 discouraged1548 uncheerfulc1555 dumpish1560 out of heart1565 sadded1566 amoped1573 tristive1578 desolated1580 dejected1581 à la mort1586 delightless1589 afflicted1590 gladless1590 groanful1590 gloomya1593 muddy1592 sitheful1592 cloudy1594 leaden-hearted1596 disconsolated1598 clum1599 life-weary1599 spiritless1600 dusky1602 chop-fallen1604 flat1604 disanimated1605 jaw-fallen1605 moped1606 chap-fallen1608 decheerful1608 uncheerful1612 lacklustrea1616 pulled1616 dumpya1618 depressed1621 head-hung1632 grum1640 downa1644 dispirited1647 down-at-mouth1649 down in (rarely of) the mouth1649 unhearted1650 sunlessa1658 sadful1658 unlightened1659 chagrin1665 saddened1665 damp1667 moping1674 desponding1688 tristitious1694 unenjoying1697 unraised1697 unheartya1699 unked1698 despondent1699 dismal1705 unjoyful1709 unrejoiced1714 dreara1717 disheartened1720 mumpish1721 unrejoicing1726 downhearted1742 out of spirits1745 chagrineda1754 low-spirited1753 sombrea1767 black-blooded1771 glumpy1780 oorie1787 sombrous1789 morose1791 Novemberish1793 glumpish1800 mopeful1800 die-away1802 blue-devilish1804 blue-devilled1807 malagrugrous1818 down in the hip1826 yonderly1828 sunshineless1831 downfaced1832 broody1851 in a (or the) trough1856 blue-devilly1871 drooped1873 glummy1884 pippy1886 humpy1889 pipped1914 lousy1933 pissed1943 crappy1956 doomy1961 bummed1970 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8063 Þa weoren Bruttes mid blisse auulled..þæ ær weoren murne. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 740 Alymar aȝen gan turne Wel Modi & wel Murne [v.r. Mourne]. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 8213 His hert was sore, his cher murne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). mournv.¹ Brit. /mɔːn/, U.S. /mɔrn/ Forms: Old English mearn (1st and 3rd singular past indicative), Old English murnan, Old English murndan (plural past indicative), Old English murnde (1st and 3rd singular past indicative), Old English murnon (plural past indicative), Middle English marned (past tense), Middle English morene, Middle English morȝne (probably transmission error), Middle English morme (transmission error), Middle English morun, Middle English mourene, Middle English mowrn, Middle English mowrne, Middle English mowurne, Middle English muran, Middle English murni, Middle English–1500s moorn, Middle English–1500s morn, Middle English–1600s moorne, Middle English–1600s morne, Middle English–1600s mourne, Middle English–1600s murne, Middle English–1600s (1800s– English regional (northern)) murn, 1500s– mourn, 1800s– moorn (English regional); Scottish pre-1700 moorne, pre-1700 morn, pre-1700 morne, pre-1700 murnn, pre-1700 mwrn, pre-1700 mwrne, pre-1700 1700s– mourn, pre-1700 1700s– murn, pre-1700 (1800s archaic) mourne, pre-1700 1800s– murne, 1900s– moorn; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– murn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon mornon , mornian to be sorrowful or troubled, Old High German mornēn to sorrow, Gothic maurnan to worry, concern oneself < a Germanic aorist present verb, probably < the Indo-European base of memory n.; compare ancient Greek μέριμνα care, sorrow, μέρμερος causing much care or grief. In senses 5 and 6, perhaps influenced by moan v.Although sometimes cited as a cognate, the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic morna to waste away, wither, Norwegian (Nynorsk) morna to fall apart, crumble, dissolve, waste away, is probably unrelated, and is to be derived rather from the Germanic base of merrow adj. Weak inflections are already attested in Old English alongside the original strong ones, and by Middle English the verb is only conjugated weak. The unusual Middle English past form marned , if it is not simply a scribal error, may perhaps show the influence of the old strong inflections. In Old English the prefixed form bemurnan bemourn v., is also attested. †1. a. intransitive. To be anxious or worried; to care; to have regard for. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > anxiety > be anxious [verb (intransitive)] mournOE careOE howOE carka1350 to take thoughta1470 carp1522 sussy1570 ho1787 moil1889 to stress out1983 stress1988 OE Andreas (1932) 99 Ne beo ðu on sefan to forht, ne on mode ne murn. OE Beowulf 1442 Gyrede hine Beowulf eorlgewædum, nalles for ealdre mearn. OE Waldere i. 24 Ne murn ðu for ði mece; ðe wearð maðma cyst gifeðe to geoce. lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) vii. 16 Gif þu þonne heora þegen beon wilt & þe heora þeawas liciað, to hwon myrnst þu swa swiðe? c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 964 (MED) Aȝen to hure þu turne & seie þat heo ne murne. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 3885 Bot, neuou, murn þou na wight. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. ii. sig. aij She merueilled who that myght be that laye with her in lykenes of her lord, so she mourned pryuely and held hir pees. b. transitive. To care about, have regard for. Also with dative object or that-clause. Obsolete. ΚΠ OE Beowulf 3129 Lyt ænig mearn, þæt hi ofostlice ut geferedon dyre maðmas. OE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Nero) in R. Torkar Eine altenglische Übersetzung von Alcuins De Virtutibus et Vitiis (1981) 249 Domas sceolon beon butan ælcere hadarunge; þæt ys, þæt he ne murne, naðer ne rycum ne heanum, ne leofum ne laðum folcriht to recceanne. lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) xxxvii. 111 Se þe hiora welt ne myrnð nauþer ne friend ne fiend þe ma þe wedende hund. †2. a. intransitive. To yearn (for); to hanker after. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn for [verb (transitive)] > pine for mournOE languish1567 repine1641 OE Andreas (1932) 37 Hie ne murndan æfter mandreame, hæleþ heorogrædige. OE Nativity of Virgin (Hatton) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 125 Heo on bæc ne beseah, ne æfter hyre yldrum ne murnde, swa swa cildra gewuna is. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 187 His deore spuse se swiðe murnede efter him þet heo wið uten him delit nefde i na þing. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 37 Ase hire..for wham þus muchel y mourne may, for duel to deþ y dreyȝe. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 769 (MED) He..held him finliche i-fed his fille to loke on þe mayde meliors chaumber for wham he s[o] morned. c1390 G. Chaucer Miller's Tale 3704 I moorne [v.rr. morne, mourne] as dooth a lamb after the tete. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 2503 Thus shalt thou morne and eke compleyn, And gete enchesoun to goon ageyn..Where thou biheelde hir fleshly face. 1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Norbert (1977) l. 655 This is þe holy messager of God..The turtill of perseueraunce þat can neuyr sees To morne for his make whann he wantith presens Of swech þing as he loueth. a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) 276 (MED) Therinne..ys þat maye For whom y morne boþe nyȝt and day. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 691, in Wks. (1931) I. 164 Thocht Frenche Ladies did for him murne, The Scottis wer glaid of his returne. b. transitive. To long to do something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)] > lament to mournc1275 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 14369 He murnede [c1300 Otho mornede] ful swiðe to habben þat mæiden to wiue. 3. a. intransitive. To feel or express sorrow, grief, or regret. Also figurative.In early use frequently of the heart, soul, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > feel sorrow or grief [verb (intransitive)] sorroweOE sorryeOE careOE heavyOE mournOE rueOE murkenOE dole13.. likec1330 wailc1374 ensorrowc1384 gloppen?a1400 sytea1400 teena1400 grievec1400 angera1425 erme1481 yearna1500 aggrieve1559 discomfort?a1560 melancholyc1580 to eat one's (own) heart1590 repent1590 passion1598 sigh1642 OE Cynewulf Crist II 500 Him wæs geomor sefa hat æt heortan, hyge murnende, þæs þe hi swa leofne leng ne mostun geseon under swegle. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 231 Þench a mon þe hefde al þe world onwalde. & hefde for his cwedschipe for loren al on astunde hu he walde Murnen & sari wurðen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 3116 In hire bure heo abed & þolede þene mod-kare & mornede swþe. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2053 He herde hem murnen, he hem freinde for-quat. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. v. 5 Blessid be thei that mournen [a1425 L.V. mornen; L. lugent], for thei shuln be comfortid. c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 848 I shal make thyn herte for to morne, For wel I woot thy pacience is gon. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 344/1 Moornyn, and sorowyn, mereo, gemo. c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 346 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 109 Þane scho cane murne, gretand sare. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 46 Apone sic materis I mus at mydnyght full oft And murnys so in my mynd, I murdris my selfin. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liv. 181 When Huon sawe howe he had not wherewith to arme him his hert mourned ryght sore. 1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 86^v In all euyll thou mayst fynde cause to mourne and sorowe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 73 The prettie babes That mourn'd for fashion, ignorant what to feare. View more context for this quotation 1640 in D. Laing Var. Pieces Fugitive Sc. Poetry (1853) 2nd Ser. xix. 54 I trust before our martial troups return Our British and our Irish foes shall murne. 1731 G. Jeffreys Merope i. i. 2 Are we sunk so womanishly low, That we can only mourn, and rail, and pray? 1786 R. Burns Poems 164 Unmindful, tho' a weeping wife, And helpless offspring mourn. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 299 It is as we would say, ‘Let me mourn on’, a mourning inexhaustible, because the woe too and the cause of grief was unceasing. 1886 Lantern 8 Sept. 4/3 The Royal Street actors who are walking on their uppers, must mourn..when they..hear of some of the boys spending 200 a week yachting. 1929 N.Y. Times 26 Oct. 2/8 Commenting on the Wall Street crash of yesterday, the German press unanimously agrees that Germany has no reason to mourn. 1995 Independent 21 Oct. 13 (heading) Few mourn as the blunt Belgian packs his bags. b. transitive. To grieve or sorrow for; to regret; to lament, deplore, bewail, bemoan. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)] sorroweOE meaneOE bemournOE mournOE bemoanc1000 ofthink?c1225 bequeatha1325 moana1325 plain1340 wail1362 bewailc1374 complainc1374 waymenta1400 grievec1400 sorrowa1425 regratec1480 lament1535 deplore1567 dole1567 condole1607 pine1667 rave1810 OE Fortunes of Men 20 Sum [sceal] on feðe lef, seonobennum seoc, sar cwanian, murnan meotudgesceaft mode gebysgad. a1325 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Cambr.) xxvi, in Anglia (1881) 4 187 (MED) Þat eie ne seth, herte ne mournit. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 2671 (MED) Whan þe twylyȝt, wiþ a pale chere, In maner morneth þe absence of þe sonne, And nyȝt aprocheþ. a1500 Liber Pluscardensis (Marchm.) (1877) I. 382 Help to murn this dul. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xx. 133 Heraclites vald murn & lament for pite, our misire and our affliction. 1586 Countess of Pembroke Lay of Clorinda 96 Thus do we weep and waile,..Mourning, in others, our own miseries. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 298 To murne and Lament thair sinis. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 203 To mourne a mischeife that is past and gone, Is the next way to draw more mischiefe on. View more context for this quotation 1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride iii. i. 39 All those Ills, which thou so long hast mourn'd. 1713 J. Addison Cato i. vi Portius himself oft falls in tears before me, As if he mourn'd his rival's ill success. 1751 R. O. Cambridge Scribleriad iv. 161 But not unhonour'd shall he halt away, Or giftless mourn this unauspicious day. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna x. xliii. 233 As near one lover's tomb Two gentle sisters mourn their desolation. 1888 Dict. National Biogr. XL. 192/1 On her sailing for England in March 1785, he mourned her departure as that of his only valuable friend in the islands. 1900 H. Lawson Over Sliprails 108 Finally he was left, the last of his tribe, to mourn his lot in solitude. 1915 A. S. Neill Dominie's Log xviii. 216 They say that when a man dies..he looks back and mourns the things that he's left undone. 1984 A. N. Wilson Hilaire Belloc i. viii. 201 They both mourned a rural, hierarchical England which was vanishing forever. c. transitive. With clause (esp. that-clause) as object. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ix. 15 And Jhesus saide to hem, Whether the sonys of the spouse..mow weilen or mourne how longe the spouse is with hem? c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6591 Then Menestaus mournyt & mykell sorow hade That Troilus, þe triet, was takyn of his hond. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 95 Thow sall not follow wickit mennis wayis, Nor zit murne that sinfull haif gude dayis. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 257 O if in blacke my Ladyes browes be deckt, It mournes, that painting vsurping haire Should rauish dooters with a false aspect. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Cor. v. 2 And yee are puffed vp, and haue not rather mourned, that he that hath done this deed, might bee taken away from among you. View more context for this quotation 1700 C. Hopkins Friendship Improv'd iv. 40 I mourn my Father's Fate, and not my own. Mourn, that I cannot hurl this Murth'rer down To Sulph'rous Lakes. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 338 I seem'd not to Mourn that I had committed such Crimes,..but..that I was to be punish'd for it. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna ii. xxxvi. 50 She mourned that grace and power were thrown as food To the hyena lust. 1869 C. Elliott Hours of Sorrow 96 And can we mourn that God, in love, Saw fit so early to remove Your spirits to his courts above. a1900 E. C. Dowson Poet. Wks. (1934) 159 What tho' I sit in utter night..And mourn that love should be so fleet. 1966 G. Barker Dreams of Summer Night 55 The head of Pompey..Forgets as it mourns that all it has lost is the mystical Body of loving and of suffering. 2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 14 Feb. w15/6 He mourns that today ‘playing the race card is done as if it were some kind of sport’. d. intransitive. With for, over. Formerly also with †at, †of, †on, †upon. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 19014 For þair misdedes morun. a1500 Liber Pluscardensis (Marchm.) (1877) I. 388 Quhy suld we then for faire deed murn or meyn? 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 640/2 He morneth sore for the losse of his father. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Hosea x. 5 Therfore shall the people mourne ouer them. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 151 He..Fell..by this declension, Into the madnes wherein now he raues, And all we mourne for. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Esdras viii. 72 I mourned for the iniquitie. View more context for this quotation 1650 J. Nicoll Diary (1836) 17 To murne for thair awin iniquities. 1697 W. Congreve Mourning Bride i. i. 8 Some Here are who seem to mourn at our Success! 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. v. 124 What we laugh'd at, and made a Jest of in our Children before, we must now mourn over, and correct them for. 1789 J. Witherspoon Pract. Treat. Regeneration (ed. 3) iii. §4 They never mourned for sin in a manner corresponding to the strong scripture declarations of its odious and hateful nature. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Disowned I. x. 165 Let us not waste them in mourning over blighted hopes and severed hearts. 1875 J. P. Hopps Princ. Relig. (1878) iii. 12 We have, then, not a past to mourn for, but a future to win. 1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 21/2 Recently a friend of mine was mourning over the fact that the center of a crocheted doily she was making..would not lie flat. 1990 J. Houston In Search of Happiness (BNC) 223 We all need to mourn for our own sins and for the negative contribution we bring into the world. 2001 Philippine Daily Inquirer (Nexis) 2 Apr. 9 We shall be wringing our hands, mourning over the loss of our freedoms. †e. transitive. With out. To wear out (grief, an emotion, etc.) by mourning; to pass (time) in mourning. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxx. 126 Quhat will it mend to murne thy senses out? 1637 J. Shirley Lady of Pleasure i sig. B4^v She ha's Mourned out her yeare too for the honest Knight That had compassion of her youth, and dy'd So timely. 1682 T. Otway Venice Preserv'd v. 67 My nights, Which I must now mourn out in widdow'd tears. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. ix. 218 There they would repent, and pray, and mourn out life side by side, if perhaps God would have mercy upon their souls. 4. spec. To lament or grieve over a death. a. intransitive. To lament the death of someone. Also with about, after, for, †upon. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief [verb (intransitive)] sorroweOE meaneOE careOE mournOE ofthink?c1225 to make sorrow?c1250 to make languorc1300 bemoanc1305 plainc1325 moanc1330 wailc1330 waymentc1350 complainc1374 to make syte?a1400 sweam14.. lamentc1515 bemournc1540 regratec1550 to sing sol-fa, sorrow, woe1573 condole1598 passion1598 deplore1632 ochone1829 rune1832 OE Beowulf 1385 Selre bið æghwæm, þæt he his freond wrece, þonne he fela murne. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Hosea x. 5 For the peple therof mournyde vpon [a1425 L.V. mourenyde on; L. luxit super] hym. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23984 Clething wil i me tak o care..And murn wit hir þat him [sc. Christ] bar. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 20 (MED) Of his body was no force, non for him wild murne. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 5577 (MED) Þus I leue hem siȝe and sorwe make, Þis cely wommen, in her cloþes blake, Shroude her facis, & wympled, mourne in veyn. c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 103 (MED) They mornyd for þe morthir of manffull knyȝtis. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii Than schir spynagros..Murnyt for schir gawyne. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Chron. xxxv. 24 All Iuda and Ierusalem mourned for Iosias. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates York i Nor yet to mourne, for this my sonne is dead. 1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades iii. 57 Priam commanded none should mourne but in still silence yeeld, Their honored carkases to fire: and onelie greeue in hart. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 91 I haue..buried a wife, mourn'd for her [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1695 M. Prior Ode after Queen's Death iii For Her the Wise and Great shall mourn. 1756 C. Smart tr. Horace Art of Poetry (1826) II. 351 Those who mourn at funerals for pay, do and say more than those that are afflicted from their hearts. a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I v, in Wks. (1870) II. 394 A widow bird sate mourning for her love Upon a wintry bough. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam ix. 12 So draw him home to those that mourn In vain. View more context for this quotation 1859 H. B. Stowe Minister's Wooing xxiv. 371 Miss Tyrel, who was mourning about her son..who was killed falling from mast-head. 1881 C. E. L. Riddell Senior Partner iv. 77 There is implanted a desire to be mourned after and remembered when earth's cares and vanities are for us no more. 1965 G. Gorer Death, Grief, & Mourning in Contemp. Brit. 111 But there is no analogous secular recognition of the fact that human beings mourn in response to grief, and that, if mourning is denied outlet, the result will be suffering, either psychological or physical or both. 1981 L. Lawrence Earth Witch (1982) iii. 18 No one mourned when Megan Davis died. 1995 I. Banks Whit xv. 255 My great-aunt mourned prodigiously..she tore her hair out by the roots. b. transitive. To lament, grieve, or sorrow for (someone dead or someone's death); to express grief for. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit mourning for [verb (transitive)] bestandc1000 mourna1382 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > sorrow caused by loss > suffer sorrow for loss of [verb (transitive)] > for death mourna1382 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lamentation or expression of grief for death > lament the death of [verb (transitive)] bestandc1000 bewailc1300 mourna1382 wail1382 regratec1480 meana1522 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings iii. 33 Al þe puple wepte & þe kyng weilynge & moornynge [L. lugens] Abner, seiþ, [etc.]. 1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) 306 Mournynge thy deth, after y^e custome of y^e iewes. a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 25, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Murn(e At the Romanis suld nocht heire the lamentatioun of wemen mornand thare woundit or deid husbandis. 1595 L. Bryskett Pastorall Aeglogue in E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. H2^v Hath the pore Turtle gon to school..To learne to mourne her lost make? a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 41 Heere comes his Body, mourn'd by Marke Antony. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 760 As when a Father mourns His Childern. View more context for this quotation 1685 J. Dryden Threnodia Augustalis xiii. 18 The Muse that mourns him now his happy Triumph sung. 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 6 Dost thou mourn Philander's fate? 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel vi. xxiii. 181 Soft is the note, and sad the lay, That mourns the lovely Rosabelle. 1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady 105 Thou mourn'd'st not most the vanished soul Which was my Lord's through thine. 1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am vi She loved him dearly, and mourned him more deeply than any of us. 1937 Dict. National Biogr. 1922–30 54/1 At the hour of his death Jewry mourned him with honours perhaps never before accorded to a Gentile. 1984 V. S. Naipaul Finding Centre iv. 66 The Parray woman lived on for some time, mourning her pundit son...She always wore white for grief. 2001 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Electronic ed.) 5 Apr. 7 (heading) Friends mourn death of snowmobile guide. c. intransitive. To exhibit the conventional signs of grief for a period following the death of a person; esp. to wear mourning clothes. Also transitive. †to mourn up: to complete the period of mourning (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit formal or ceremonial mourning [verb (intransitive)] mourn1530 the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit formal or ceremonial mourning [verb (intransitive)] > wear mourning garments mourn1530 the world > life > death > obsequies > formal or ceremonial mourning > exhibit formal or ceremonial mourning [verb (intransitive)] > observe period of mourning > complete period of mourning to mourn up1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 640/2 I morne for a deed man, I weare blacke garmentes, je porte le dueil. Yonder gentylman morneth, by lykelyhodde his father is deed. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergile De Invent. (1663) vi. vii. 239 Wherefore Numa ordained that such as mourned up before the day limited should offer a Cow..for an expiation. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 17 We mourne in black, why mourn we not in blood? Henry is dead, and neuer shall reuiue. View more context for this quotation 1661 P. Heylyn Ecclesia Restavrata II. iii. §3. 69 A Levite that mourned might not serve or sing. 1717 A. Pope Elegy Unfortunate Lady in Wks. 360 What tho' no friends in sable weeds appear, Grieve for an hour, perhaps, then mourn a year. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mourning The antient Spartan and Roman Ladies mourn'd in White... Kings and Cardinals mourn in Purple. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews iv. v, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 103 The people mourned for Aaron thirty days. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 250 When foreign princes died, he [sc. the Duke of Monmouth] had mourned for them in the long purple cloak, which [etc.]. 1885 ‘H. Conway’ Family Affair III. ii. 35 He knew that for all that had befallen she was mourning in mental sackcloth and ashes. 1960 D. Lodge Picturegoers 191 ‘It's enough for us to be able to mourn him.’ The significance of Hilda's black clothes struck Clare suddenly with a little spasm of horror. 1988 A. Walker Enemy Territory (BNC) 55 The sun itself could not look upon the death of God. The sky turned black and, as it were, God the Father mourned and turned his back on his only Son. 1996 A. Michaels Fugitive Pieces i. 138 The names of those to be mourned, read aloud in the synagogue. 5. a. intransitive. To utter lamentations, etc., to someone. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lamentation or expression of grief for death > express grief for death [verb (intransitive)] mourna1382 to wear (the) willow1584 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) Matt. xi. 17 We han mourned to ȝou, and ȝe han nat weilid. 1533 J. Gau in tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay To Rdr. sig. Aiv Bot ane chrissine prayer is quhen ane man prais and murnis inuertlie in his hart to god efter his help. 1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. iii. sig. F4^v (stage direct.) Enter Castabella mourning to the monument of Charlemont. 1709 A. Pope Autumn in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. vi. 739 Far from Thyrsis, to the Winds I mourn. a1771 T. Gray Sonnet on Death R. West in Poems (1775) 60 I fruitless mourn to him, that cannot hear. 1828 S. T. Coleridge Constancy to Ideal Object 16 in Poet. Wks. II. 94 I mourn to thee and say—‘Ah! loveliest friend! That this the meed of all my toils might be.’ 1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell iii. ii. 250 Yesterday, Man or no man, this was a living soul; What is this now? This tongue that mourned to me. 1908 ‘M. Field’ Wild Honey 78 Rain-drops..Mourn to them that are belovèd so! 1983 L. A. Murray People's Otherworld 54 Ships Mourning to each other below in the town. b. transitive. Chiefly literary. To utter (a song, speech, a noise, etc.) in a mournful manner. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)] > utter in lamenting manner complainc1385 weep1602 mourn1607 passion1844 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 463 The Lyon sighed deepely, and mourned forth a lamentable roaring. 1637 J. Milton Comus 9 Where the love-lorne Nightingale Nightly to thee her sad Song mourneth well. 1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 69 The Spirit mourn'd ‘Adieu!’ 1889 W. S. Gilbert Gondoliers i. 14 Bury love that all condemn, And let the whirlwind mourn its requiem! 1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat xv. 268 ‘Where is our happiness gone?’ Pablo mourned. 1990 P. Pulsford Lee's Ghost (BNC) 58 ‘Black day, black day,’ she mourned, and switched off and played Mozart. c. intransitive. Scottish, Irish English, and English regional (northern). To complain, grumble. ΚΠ 1865 J. Young Homely Pictures in Verse 13 I hae a richt to hirp an' murn Oure that death-dealin' blast. 1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 323 Murn, to complain, to be querulous or peevish, to whine. 1895 ‘H. Haliburton’ Dunbar: Poems adapted for Mod. Readers 56 He's no' to maen, he needna murn Wha has enow to serve his turn. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 231/1 Murn, moan, complain. 6. intransitive. To make a low inarticulate sound indicative of grief, pain, hunger, etc.; to moan. Of an animal, bird, etc.: to make a similar sound. Now chiefly Scottish and English regional.In quot. a1822 with mixture of sense 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound (of dove) mourna1522 crookle1574 crook1586 whorr1598 croo1611 coo1672 cruckle1691 roocoocoo1922 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > mournful or plaintive [verb (intransitive)] knella1400 plaina1425 mourna1522 groan1602 complain1694 moan1805 dirge1907 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. xv. 145 The spreit of lyfe fled murnand with a grone. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lix. B We roare all like Beeres, & mourne stil like doues. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1872) I. vi. 39 The huddit crauis cryit varrok varrok, quhen the suannis murnit. 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) To mourne or croo like a Doue, roucouler. a1813 A. Wilson Hab's Door in Poems (1845) 197 His greetin' weans mourn out for bread. a1822 P. B. Shelley Fragm. Unfinished Drama in Posthumous Poems (1824) 101 The dove mourned in the pine, Sad prophetess of sorrows not her own. 1881 Oxfordshire Gloss. Suppl., s.v. That poor baby do moorn. 1912 B. W. Green Word-bk. Virginia Folk-speech (ed. 2) 289 Mourn, to make a low, mourning noise: ‘He was mourning and groaning all night long.’ 1928 J. L. R. Baxter A' Ae 'Oo' 10 Sol's reid pow keeked ower the hill, An' he forgot tae murn! 1983 Midwestern Jrnl. Lang. & Folklore 9 48 [Kentucky] Mourn,..to moo. 2000 M. Alvi Carrying my Wife 28 A bird mourns in the afternoon. †7. a. intransitive. Of an animal: to fail to thrive, be downcast, pine. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > of an animal: be ill [verb (intransitive)] starvec1450 mourn1577 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 169^v The Pigion..mourneth, yf shee be restrained of her liberty. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 631 The cattell mourned for want of milkers. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Rabbit [The female rabbits] will otherwise mourn, and hardly bring up their Young. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 27 The cattle mourn in corners where the fence Screens them [from the cold]. b. intransitive. Of a plant or flower: to droop, hang down. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by poor growth > wither [verb (intransitive)] > wilt or droop wallowa1340 fade1340 welken1398 vade1492 flag1611 mourn1612 wilt1691 wilter1790 to miff off1883 the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > grow in a specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > droop or hang down drowkc1503 mourn1612 1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke ii. iii. 98 All things mourne, wither, fall and droupe. 1798 Trans. Soc. Arts 16 164 And by being dryer, the plants did not mourn so much as the others when the weather was wet. 1832 ‘B. Cornwall’ Eng. Songs ii. 3 The weed mourns on the castle wall. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † mournv.² Forms: 1500s mourne. Origin: Probably formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: mourning n.² Etymology: Probably a back-formation from mourning n.² Compare mose v. and mourner n.² Obsolete. rare. intransitive. Only in to mourn of the chine: (perhaps) to be glum or sullen. Cf. mourner n.² ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > have glandular disorder [verb (intransitive)] > swollen glands to mourn of the chinec1580 c1580 J. Jeffere Bugbears ii. iv, in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Italian (1911) 106 Whoe Cometh yonder let me see, tis Manutio. He mournes of the chine by his Drouping chere it seemes so. 1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 56* Well, this Louer..began..to mourne of the chyne, and to hang the lippe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a1350adj.c1275v.¹OEv.²c1580
随便看	hedged in hedgedoctor hedgefence hedgefight hedgefire hedgeflower hedgefrog hedgefruit hedgegarlic hedgegreen hedgegrown hedgehog hedgehog cactus hedgehog caterpillar hedgehog cereus hedgehog converter hedgehog crystal hedgehog fish hedgehog fruit hedgehog fungus hedgehog gooseberry hedgehog grass hedgehog holly hedgehog liquorice hedgehog medick

mournn.

† mournadj.

mournv.1

† mournv.2

mournv.¹

† mournv.²