† mungev.¹

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mungere.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin mungere (6th cent. as conjectured by a modern scholar in lit. sense, c1200 in a British source in figurative sense ‘to cheat’), aphetic < classical Latin ēmungere emunge v.

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To wipe (a person's nose). In quot. figurative: to cheat (someone).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > cheat, swindle [phrase]

to pull a finchc1386

to wipe a person's nosea1475

to take (a person) at advantage(s)1523

to play fast and loose1557

to play false1576

to joint a person's nose of?1577

to make a cousin of1580

to sell smoke1589

munge1660

to sell (a person) a packet1886

to beat the count1897

to sell (a person) a pup1901

to hand (someone) a lemon1906

to sell (someone) a bill of goods1927

1660 Eng. Monarchy Freest State in World 7 They munged the peoples Noses, and publiquely pickt their pockets.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

mungev.²

Brit.

/mʌn(d)ʒ/, U.S.

/mən(d)ʒ/, Irish English

/mʌn(d)ʒ/

Forms: English regional 1800s mewnge (Lancashire), 1800s monge, 1800s– maunge, 1800s– mawnge, 1800s– meawnge (Lancashire), 1800s– moonge (Yorkshire), 1800s– mounge, 1800s– munge; Scottish 1800s maunge, 1800s munge; Irish English (chiefly northern) 1700s– munge.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: munch v.

Etymology: Probably a variant of munch v., perhaps influenced by maunge v.The word is recorded by Eng. Dial. Dict. s.vv. maunge v.¹, mounge v., munge v.¹, in widespread locations in England, especially in the north, the west midlands, and the West Country.

Now chiefly English regional and Irish English (chiefly northern).

intransitive and transitive. To eat greedily and noisily; to munch, to chew. Also with away. Cf. maunge v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (intransitive)] > crunch or munch

munch1530

munchion1611

craunch1637

chomp1645

crump1760

munge1770

crunch1856

1770 H. Kelly Word to Wise Prol. You above, in cake-consuming bow'rs, Who thro' whole Sundays munge away your hours.

1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond in Harrington & Ormond II. vi. 127 I pity the foremost poor devil of a horse, who must starve..while the horse, bull, and even mule, in a string behind him, are all plucking and munging away at their hay ropes.

1819 ‘P. Bobbin’ Sequel to Lancs. Dial. 32 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) O' quartur un o' peck o' cakes, to mewnge at to morn.

1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 363 What's tuh mounging thear at when ther's awalt' wark to du?

1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) That girld's al'ays mungin', 'er never gwuz i' the buttery athout 'elpin' 'erself—'er met never get a meal's-mate, an' look at 'er munge, munge, mungin'.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 84/2 T'babby's getten 'at he can mounge a bit o' croost.

1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. ii. 680 Q[uestion]. And if he eats the same way [sc. noisily and greedily]?.. [Wiltshire] Munge.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 230 Munge, 1. munch, chew. 2. chew slowly, with the mouth closed.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mungev.³

Brit.

/mʌn(d)ʒ/, U.S.

/mən(d)ʒ/, Scottish English

/mun(d)ʒ/

Forms: Scottish 1700s– munge, 1800s moonje, 1800s mounge, 1800s mumge (irregular), 1800s– moonge, 1900s– muinge, 1900s– munch; English regional (northern) 1800s– moonge, 1800s– munge, 1800s– munjan (present participle).

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably imitative. Perhaps compare munge v.², moon v., whinge v.

Scottish and English regional (northern). Now rare.

intransitive. To mutter, grumble; to mope.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)]

heavyOE

fallOE

droopena1225

lourc1290

droopc1330

to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350

dullc1374

fainta1375

languora1375

languisha1382

afflicta1393

gloppen?a1400

weary1434

appalc1450

to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450

peak1580

dumpc1585

mopea1592

sink1603

bate1607

deject1644

despond1655

alamort?1705

sadden1718

dismal1780

munge1790

mug1828

to get one's tail down1853

to have (also get) the pip1881

shadow1888

to have (one's) ass in a sling1960

1790 J. Fisher Poems Var. Subj. 114 I'm sure wi' care I do ye keep..An' yet I hear ye munging.

1805 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (ed. 2) 139 Gowks that grummel at weasten teyme, an' munge an' mummel.

1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 5 Gae away when I bid ye—What are ye mungin [printed mumgin] at?

1880 G. Webster Criminal Officer 88 The laird was sittin' i' the Hermitage moonjin i' the meenlicht.

1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words What are ye moongin at?

Derivatives

ˈmunging n.

ΚΠ

1908 J. Lumsden Doun i' th' Loudons 230 But, moonging aside, I am noo a' for peace.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

v.¹1660

v.²1770

v.³1790

单词	munge
释义	† mungev.¹ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mungere. Etymology: < post-classical Latin mungere (6th cent. as conjectured by a modern scholar in lit. sense, c1200 in a British source in figurative sense ‘to cheat’), aphetic < classical Latin ēmungere emunge v. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To wipe (a person's nose). In quot. figurative: to cheat (someone). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > cheat, swindle [phrase] to pull a finchc1386 to wipe a person's nosea1475 to take (a person) at advantage(s)1523 to play fast and loose1557 to play false1576 to joint a person's nose of?1577 to make a cousin of1580 to sell smoke1589 munge1660 to sell (a person) a packet1886 to beat the count1897 to sell (a person) a pup1901 to hand (someone) a lemon1906 to sell (someone) a bill of goods1927 1660 Eng. Monarchy Freest State in World 7 They munged the peoples Noses, and publiquely pickt their pockets. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2019). mungev.² Brit. /mʌn(d)ʒ/, U.S. /mən(d)ʒ/, Irish English /mʌn(d)ʒ/ Forms: English regional 1800s mewnge (Lancashire), 1800s monge, 1800s– maunge, 1800s– mawnge, 1800s– meawnge (Lancashire), 1800s– moonge (Yorkshire), 1800s– mounge, 1800s– munge; Scottish 1800s maunge, 1800s munge; Irish English (chiefly northern) 1700s– munge. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: munch v. Etymology: Probably a variant of munch v., perhaps influenced by maunge v.The word is recorded by Eng. Dial. Dict. s.vv. maunge v.¹, mounge v., munge v.¹, in widespread locations in England, especially in the north, the west midlands, and the West Country. Now chiefly English regional and Irish English (chiefly northern). intransitive and transitive. To eat greedily and noisily; to munch, to chew. Also with away. Cf. maunge v. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (intransitive)] > crunch or munch munch1530 munchion1611 craunch1637 chomp1645 crump1760 munge1770 crunch1856 1770 H. Kelly Word to Wise Prol. You above, in cake-consuming bow'rs, Who thro' whole Sundays munge away your hours. 1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond in Harrington & Ormond II. vi. 127 I pity the foremost poor devil of a horse, who must starve..while the horse, bull, and even mule, in a string behind him, are all plucking and munging away at their hay ropes. 1819 ‘P. Bobbin’ Sequel to Lancs. Dial. 32 in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) O' quartur un o' peck o' cakes, to mewnge at to morn. 1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood 363 What's tuh mounging thear at when ther's awalt' wark to du? 1882 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) That girld's al'ays mungin', 'er never gwuz i' the buttery athout 'elpin' 'erself—'er met never get a meal's-mate, an' look at 'er munge, munge, mungin'. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 84/2 T'babby's getten 'at he can mounge a bit o' croost. 1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. ii. 680 Q[uestion]. And if he eats the same way [sc. noisily and greedily]?.. [Wiltshire] Munge. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 230 Munge, 1. munch, chew. 2. chew slowly, with the mouth closed. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). mungev.³ Brit. /mʌn(d)ʒ/, U.S. /mən(d)ʒ/, Scottish English /mun(d)ʒ/ Forms: Scottish 1700s– munge, 1800s moonje, 1800s mounge, 1800s mumge (irregular), 1800s– moonge, 1900s– muinge, 1900s– munch; English regional (northern) 1800s– moonge, 1800s– munge, 1800s– munjan (present participle). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably imitative. Perhaps compare munge v.², moon v., whinge v. Scottish and English regional (northern). Now rare. intransitive. To mutter, grumble; to mope. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)] heavyOE fallOE droopena1225 lourc1290 droopc1330 to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350 dullc1374 fainta1375 languora1375 languisha1382 afflicta1393 gloppen?a1400 weary1434 appalc1450 to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450 peak1580 dumpc1585 mopea1592 sink1603 bate1607 deject1644 despond1655 alamort?1705 sadden1718 dismal1780 munge1790 mug1828 to get one's tail down1853 to have (also get) the pip1881 shadow1888 to have (one's) ass in a sling1960 1790 J. Fisher Poems Var. Subj. 114 I'm sure wi' care I do ye keep..An' yet I hear ye munging. 1805 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (ed. 2) 139 Gowks that grummel at weasten teyme, an' munge an' mummel. 1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 5 Gae away when I bid ye—What are ye mungin [printed mumgin] at? 1880 G. Webster Criminal Officer 88 The laird was sittin' i' the Hermitage moonjin i' the meenlicht. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words What are ye moongin at? Derivatives ˈmunging n. ΚΠ 1908 J. Lumsden Doun i' th' Loudons 230 But, moonging aside, I am noo a' for peace. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.¹1660v.²1770v.³1790
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† mungev.1

mungev.2

mungev.3

Derivatives

† mungev.¹

mungev.²

mungev.³