munificencen.¹

Brit.

/mjᵿˈnɪfᵻsns/, U.S.

/mjuˈnɪfəs(ə)ns/,

/mjəˈnɪfəs(ə)ns/

Forms: late Middle English munyficence, 1500s– munificence, 1600s–1700s munifence (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French munificence.

Etymology: < Middle French munificence generosity (c1355) < classical Latin mūnificentia < mūnificent- (see munificent adj.) + -ia -y suffix³; compare -ence suffix. Compare Italian munificenza (14th cent.; also as munificencia, munificenzia), Spanish munificencia (1396).

The quality of being munificent; great generosity or liberality in giving.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality

freedomOE

custinessOE

largesse?c1225

freeshipa1250

franchisec1325

largitya1382

largenessa1387

liberalityc1390

bountya1400

honestya1400

freenessc1400

largec1400

liberalnessc1410

munificencec1425

plentyc1425

bounteousnessc1440

magnificencec1450

bountifulness1489

bountines1512

royalty1548

magnificency?c1550

munificency?c1550

free-heartedness1583

profuseness1584

bountihead1590

lavishness1590

frankness1591

ingenuousness1611

fruitfulnessa1616

generosity1634

open-handednessa1640

large-heartedness1640

communicativeness1653

unsparingness1818

free-handedness1860

big-heartedness1872

ungrudgingness1885

two-handedness1891

outgivingness1968

c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 15 (MED) He wente to the kyng with a lamentable querell..besekyng his Royall Munyficence.

1545 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 23 Apr. (1933) 132 Many hath of late repyned at the Kinges Majesties munificence in our privileges and otherwise.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 93 To persuade hym of the..munificence..of owre men.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxviii. 170 That benefit, which the munificence of nature hath liberally bestowed on him.

1685 W. Petty Will in Tracts (1769) p. ix I would advise my wife in this case, to spend her whole 1587 l. per ann. that is to say, on her own entertainment, charity, and munificence.

1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. i. viii. 16 For being obliged to discourse of the Munificence of my Ancestors.

1793 Blackstone's Comm. I. viii. 286 (note) Though this was a splendid instance of royal munificence, yet it's [sic] operation is slow and inconsiderable.

1837 T. De Quincey Revolt of Tartars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 113/2 Every possible alleviation and refreshment..had been already provided by Kien Long with the most princely munificence.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 73 The miracles and power of the saint called forth the devotion and munificence of the people.

1892 Gladstone in Daily News 5 Dec. 3/4 I am sure that Liverpool, while it continues to amass wealth, will not fall behind in the necessary concomitant to redeem wealth from degradation—the quality of munificence.

1945 P. G. Wodehouse Let. 22 May in Yours, Plum (1990) iii. 97 The tobacco situation..is now excellent owing to the munificence of a series of American officers who have loaded me up with Prince Albert etc.

1981 P. Carey Bliss iv. 171 She bestowed upon him a smile which was obviously intended as a gift of some munificence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† munificencen.²

Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: munificence n.¹; munify v., -ence suffix.

Etymology: Either an erroneous use of munificence n.¹ (after classical Latin munīre to fortify: see munite v.), or independently < munify v. + -ence suffix, by analogy with other words ending in -cence (compare munificence n.¹, magnificence n. etc.), although munify is only attested slightly later.

Obsolete. rare.

Fortification, defence.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [noun]

workeOE

forcementa1382

strengtha1382

strengthinga1382

warding1382

closurea1400

bulwarkc1418

propugnaclea1460

fortification1489

munition?c1500

tuition1513

fortifying1523

furniture1577

munificence1596

bloccuz1600

burg-ward1753

propugnaculum1864

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. X6 Vntill that Locrine for his Realmes defence, Did head against them make, and strong munifience [1590 munificence].

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	munificence
释义	munificencen.¹ Brit. /mjᵿˈnɪfᵻsns/, U.S. /mjuˈnɪfəs(ə)ns/, /mjəˈnɪfəs(ə)ns/ Forms: late Middle English munyficence, 1500s– munificence, 1600s–1700s munifence (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French munificence. Etymology: < Middle French munificence generosity (c1355) < classical Latin mūnificentia < mūnificent- (see munificent adj.) + -ia -y suffix³; compare -ence suffix. Compare Italian munificenza (14th cent.; also as munificencia, munificenzia), Spanish munificencia (1396). The quality of being munificent; great generosity or liberality in giving. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality freedomOE custinessOE largesse?c1225 freeshipa1250 franchisec1325 largitya1382 largenessa1387 liberalityc1390 bountya1400 honestya1400 freenessc1400 largec1400 liberalnessc1410 munificencec1425 plentyc1425 bounteousnessc1440 magnificencec1450 bountifulness1489 bountines1512 royalty1548 magnificency?c1550 munificency?c1550 free-heartedness1583 profuseness1584 bountihead1590 lavishness1590 frankness1591 ingenuousness1611 fruitfulnessa1616 generosity1634 open-handednessa1640 large-heartedness1640 communicativeness1653 unsparingness1818 free-handedness1860 big-heartedness1872 ungrudgingness1885 two-handedness1891 outgivingness1968 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 15 (MED) He wente to the kyng with a lamentable querell..besekyng his Royall Munyficence. 1545 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 23 Apr. (1933) 132 Many hath of late repyned at the Kinges Majesties munificence in our privileges and otherwise. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. i. f. 93 To persuade hym of the..munificence..of owre men. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxviii. 170 That benefit, which the munificence of nature hath liberally bestowed on him. 1685 W. Petty Will in Tracts (1769) p. ix I would advise my wife in this case, to spend her whole 1587 l. per ann. that is to say, on her own entertainment, charity, and munificence. 1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. i. viii. 16 For being obliged to discourse of the Munificence of my Ancestors. 1793 Blackstone's Comm. I. viii. 286 (note) Though this was a splendid instance of royal munificence, yet it's [sic] operation is slow and inconsiderable. 1837 T. De Quincey Revolt of Tartars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 113/2 Every possible alleviation and refreshment..had been already provided by Kien Long with the most princely munificence. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 73 The miracles and power of the saint called forth the devotion and munificence of the people. 1892 Gladstone in Daily News 5 Dec. 3/4 I am sure that Liverpool, while it continues to amass wealth, will not fall behind in the necessary concomitant to redeem wealth from degradation—the quality of munificence. 1945 P. G. Wodehouse Let. 22 May in Yours, Plum (1990) iii. 97 The tobacco situation..is now excellent owing to the munificence of a series of American officers who have loaded me up with Prince Albert etc. 1981 P. Carey Bliss iv. 171 She bestowed upon him a smile which was obviously intended as a gift of some munificence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † munificencen.² Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: munificence n.¹; munify v., -ence suffix. Etymology: Either an erroneous use of munificence n.¹ (after classical Latin munīre to fortify: see munite v.), or independently < munify v. + -ence suffix, by analogy with other words ending in -cence (compare munificence n.¹, magnificence n. etc.), although munify is only attested slightly later. Obsolete. rare. Fortification, defence. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [noun] workeOE forcementa1382 strengtha1382 strengthinga1382 warding1382 closurea1400 bulwarkc1418 propugnaclea1460 fortification1489 munition?c1500 tuition1513 fortifying1523 furniture1577 munificence1596 bloccuz1600 burg-ward1753 propugnaculum1864 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. X6 Vntill that Locrine for his Realmes defence, Did head against them make, and strong munifience [1590 munificence]. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.¹c1425n.²1596
随便看	mother-maiden mother-metal mother-milk mother-mind mother-murdered mother-murderer mother-murdering mother-naked mother-of-law mother-of-pearl mother-of-pearl cloud moor moor a proviso moor anchor moor bath moor blackbird moor bridle moor burner moor buzzard moor coot moor dance moor dyke moor earth moor fly moor game

munificencen.1

† munificencen.2

munificencen.¹

† munificencen.²