mufflen.¹

Brit.

/ˈmʌfl/, U.S.

/ˈməf(ə)l/

Forms: 1500s 1800s– muffle, 1700s muftel (irregular); also Scottish pre-1700 mufell, pre-1700 muffell.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: muffle v.¹

Etymology: Apparently < muffle v.¹ Compare slightly later muff n.¹ and muffle n.²

a. Something that muffles or covers the face or neck; a muffler. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > clothing for neck and other parts > neck and head or face

muffler1536

muffle1539

nubia1852

Balaclava helmet1881

1539 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1907) VII. 167 ij elnis of blak sating..to be thair saferis to thair hudis and thair mufellis.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii^v/2 A Muffle, focale.

1635 Edinb. Test. LVII. f. 56, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Muf(f)ell Ten muffellis at xl s. the peice.

a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) i. 164 Why, with a hood on (if one only thinks) Or muffle of prim veils and scapularies.

1967 B. Friel Lovers (1969) 94 Him all happed up in his cap and his top coat and his muffle.

1986 D. Hogan New Shirt iii. 163 A woman from the Mid-West wearing a black furry tail on the back of her black hat..her hands in a black muffle.

1991 G. Ehrlich Islands, Universe, Home ix. 159 I can no longer see the lake, distinguish the knob from the flat, though the lake ice groans, shifting under the muffle of snow.

†b. A muzzle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > muzzle

muzzlec1385

muffle1570

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii^v/2 A Muffle for a dog, fistella [read fiscella].

2. A device that muffles or deadens sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun] > deadening

muffle1734

muffler1856

muffling1897

burglar's plaster1905

snubbing1951

bloop1953

1734 in E. Mackenzie Hist. Newcastle (1827) I. 314 Muftel's for the bells, 1s.

1830 C. C. F. Greville Mem. (1874) II. 7 He sent for the officer on guard, and ordered him to take all the muffles off the drums.

1975 M. Bradbury Hist. Man ix. 152 On the ceiling, an elaborate acoustical muffle.

3. Muffling effect; a muffled sound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun] > deadening > effect

muffle1886

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun] > deadening > deadened sound

muffle1886

smother1904

1886 R. L. Stevenson Strange Case Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde v. 50 The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city..; and through the muffle and smother of these fallen clouds, the procession of the town's life was still rolling in..with a sound as of a mighty wind.

1902 Daily Chron. 11 Oct. 3/4 All one heard was the muffle of many hoofs and the eternal rattle of gun-carriage and baggage wagon.

1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie vii. 173 Every now and then, the governor would review his army, a tiny group of white-shorted natives which fit nicely into his small courtyard, to a muffle of drums.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mufflen.²

Brit.

/ˈmʌfl/, U.S.

/ˈməf(ə)l/

Forms: 1700s– muffle; Scottish pre-1700 muffill, pre-1700 mufle, 1700s– muffle.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle.

Etymology: < Middle French moufle mitten (early 13th cent. in Old French) < post-classical Latin muffula thick glove, mitten (early 9th cent.; early 12th cent. in a British source as muffla , compare also apparent earlier use as a surname: Brihtuoldus Mufla (1066)), of unknown origin. Compare muff n.¹With sense 3 compare Old French moufles handcuffs (1200).

1. Scottish (chiefly northern and eastern) and English regional (Northumberland). = mitten n. 1a, mitt n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for hands > [noun] > mitten

mitten1287

cuff1362

muffle1575

mitt1812

muffler1824

1575 Edinb. Test. III. f. 365, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Muffill Tua dosane of muffill gluiffis price of the dosane xxviij s.

1644 D. Hume Douglas (1743) I. 344 [The Earl of Douglas] is not easy to be dealt with; they must have mufles that would catch such a cat.

1724 in W. Macgill Old Ross-shire & Scotl. (1909) I. 147 To a pair muffles 15d. sterling.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Muffles, mittens, gloves that do not cover the fingers, used by women.

a1899 D. Nicolson MS Coll. Caithness Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 192/2 A muffle has only two divisions; one for the thumb, and the other for the four fingers.

1929 H. Marwick Orkney Norn 113 Pit (put) ‘muffles’ (cuffs or fingerless gloves) on thee mellits.

1975 J. Y. Mather & H. H. Speitel Ling. Atlas Scotl. I. 169 The kind of gloves with one compartment for the thumb and another for all the fingers together, [Caithness, Sutherland, Inverness, Moray, etc.] muffles.

†2. A boxing glove. Cf. muffler n. 3a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > boxing-glove

muffle1747

muffler1747

boxing glove1780

glove1847

mitt1877

pillow1882

pug-glove1938

1747 in H. Wilson Wonderful Characters (1821) III. 448 Muffles are provided, that will effectually secure them [sc. pupils] from the inconvenience of black eyes, broken jaws, and bloody noses.

1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress Pref. 19 The Greeks, for mere exercise of sparring, made use of muffles or gloves as we do.

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II xcii. 165 Just like a black eye in a recent scuffle (For sometimes we must box without a muffle).

1858 Eclectic Rev. 6th Ser. 3 428 That all boys in a school be taught to box with muffles.

†3. A kind of leather glove or mitten used for restraining patients in lunatic asylums; = muff n.¹ 1d. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun] > glove restraining tearing-up of clothes

muffler1845

muff1854

muffle1862

1862 H. Mayhew & J. Binny Criminal Prisons of London 433 Several handcuffs on pegs, and instruments that appear like leathern bottles, but which, we are informed, are muffles, which were sent from Hanwell some years ago, when some lunatic prisoners were given to tearing up their clothes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mufflen.³

Brit.

/ˈmʌfl/, U.S.

/ˈməf(ə)l/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mufle.

Etymology: < Middle French, French mufle (1540 in Middle French; 1562 as muffle in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny: compare quot. 1601 at sense a); further etymology unknown. Compare mouffle n.

a. The thick mobile part of the upper lip and nose of certain mammals, esp. ruminants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > parts of > (parts of) nose

promuscis1600

muffle1601

proboscis1607

proboss1659

rhinarium1838

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > [noun] > ruminant > parts of > upper lip and nose

muffle1601

muzzle1870

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xxxvii. 331 Some haue but one horne apeece, and that either in the mids of the forehead, as the Oryx; or else in the nose, and muffle, as the Rhinoceros.

1791 P. Campbell Trav. Interior Parts N. Amer. (1937) 97 I bought 20 lb. of Moose meat, and a Muffle, as it is called.

1846 G. R. Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mammalia I. 50 (note) The French naturalists use the word ‘muffle’ for that part at the end of the nose which is naked in the Ox, Dog, &c.; where the same part is covered by hairs, as in the Rabbit, the animal is said to have no muffle. The term will be used to designate the corresponding part of the nose, whether hairy or not, in this work.

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha ii. 21 Mudjekeewis..drew the Belt of Wampum..Over the long nose and nostrils, The black muffle of the nostrils [sc. of the Great Bear].

1891 W. H. Flower & R. Lydekker Introd. Study Mammals 163 Potorous... Tarsus short. Muffle naked.

1950 W. R. Bird This is Nova Scotia 88 [She] was a large handsome woman..famous for her moose muffle soup.

1958 C. Wilson Northern Treasury 158 Muffle—the great proboscis of the lordly moose appearing as an article of food is terrifying to say the least.

†b. A proboscis. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > snout > proboscis

muffle1601

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. x. 314 Their forefeet..again are charged full by the meanes of their [sc. bees'] muffle.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 353 Through that muffle or trunke of his, he [sc. the elephant] soundeth (as it were) out of a Trumpet.

Compounds

muffle-jaw n. U.S. (now rare) any of various North American freshwater sculpins of the genus Cottus.

ΚΠ

1877 Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. (N.Y.) 10 321 It [sc. Cottus bairdi] is locally known as ‘Blob’ and ‘Muffle-jaw’.

1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. 696 Uranidea richardsonii... Miller's Thumb;..Muffle-jaw.

1911 Rep. Comm. U.S. Bureau Fisheries 1908 315 Sculpin..in the lakes and streams of the Northern states [are called]..‘goblins’, ‘blobs’, ‘muffle-jaws’, etc.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† mufflen.⁴

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French muffle.

Etymology: < Middle French muffle (1552 in a translation of S. Münster's Latin Cosmographia (1540); misprinted mnffle in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny (1562): compare quot. 1601): see mouflon n. Compare early modern German muffelthier (16th cent.; German Muffeltier ). Compare mouflon n., muffrone n.

Obsolete.

The mouflon, Ovis orientalis. Cf. muffrone n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > ovis musimon (moufflon)

muffle1601

musmon1601

mouflon1774

muffrone1864

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxx. xv. 399 In Sardinia..there is a beast called Ophion. [marg.] A Muffle, as Munster taketh it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

mufflen.⁵

Brit.

/ˈmʌfl/, U.S.

/ˈməf(ə)l/

Forms: 1600s– muffle, 1800s muffel.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle.

Etymology: < French moufle (1579 in Middle French in this sense; compare Italian muffola in same sense: see muffuletta n.), perhaps a transferred use of moufle mitten (see muffle n.², and compare later muffle n.⁶).The earlier form mufflar is recorded in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue s.v. Mufflar n., although its relationship with the present word is unclear:1609 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scotl. (1878) 151 For clay to mak mufflaris for the assay furnace viii. s.

a. Metallurgy and Chemistry. A cover which encloses an object that is to be heated in a furnace or kiln and shields it from the flames and the products of combustion. Later also: a chamber in a furnace or kiln that is heated on the outside, so likewise providing protection from the flames.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > parts of kiln

balk1432

killogie15..

kiln-holea1616

muffle1644

logie1780

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels

crossletc1386

testc1386

cruciblea1475

spoon1496

melting pot1545

cruset1558

fining pot1560

hooker1594

cupel1605

crusoile1613

crisol1622

melt pot1637

muffle1644

crevet1658

coffin1686

sand-pot1758

Hessian crucible1807

pan1839

shank1843

casting-pot1846

king pot1862

converter1867

washpot1879

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. x. 433 It continueth melted, flowing, and in motion vnder the muffle.

1677 tr. C. Glaser Compl. Chymist 70 Place a good Cupple with its Muffle in a little Furnace made for this purpose.

1742 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 42 188 The Vessels that are painted or cover'd over with this Glazing, must be..put under a Muffle, and as soon as the Glass runs, you must smoak them, and take out the Vessels.

1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. ii. ii. i. 54 Indigo exposed to the action of fire..under a muffle fumes and swells.

1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass ii. xiv. 301 The glass is placed during the firing in a close iron box or oven, which is called a muffle.

1868 F. H. Joynson Metals in Constr. 113 On then heating the metal to bright redness, in a muffle or iron cylinder, a white surface of arsenide of iron is produced.

1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 314/1 [The needles] are..then re-heated in the muffle.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xi. 173 If the question is one of external heating of muffles or crucibles, the utilisation of heat is small.

1967 M. Chandler Ceramics in Mod. World ii. 81 It is necessary to have a muffle throughout the length of the kiln.

1986 Sunday Express 1 June (Colour Suppl.) 25 (advt.) Into these cells, colourful enamel pastes are laid and fused in the flame protected muffle of a kiln.

†b. A furnace or kiln containing a muffle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > pottery kilns

pot-oven1702

biscuit oven1768

gloss-oven1825

glaze-kiln1839

porcelain kiln1848

grand feu1850

smother-kiln1851

bisque1853

muffle kiln1853

muffle1875

1875 Guide Royal Porcelain Wks. 19 The kilns used for this purpose may properly be called muffles.

1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 843/1 The construction of a muffle furnace as used by assayers has already been described... Larger-sized muffles are used by enamellers and painters.

1897 Daily News 2 Oct. 2/5 These odd little furnaces are called ‘muffles’, and consume the tobacco to get at the ash.

†2. A receptacle for fuel in a kiln for drying grain. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > kiln for drying grain > receptacle in

muffle1797

1797 Monthly Mag. 3 49/2 The fuel in these kilns is put into a cast-metal muffle, placed under the centre, and adapted to the size of the kiln. To this muffle are joined pipes of rolled iron, &c. which carry the heat to the extreme parts, and terminate in a chimney.

Compounds

C1.

† muffle plate n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1816 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 572/1 Fig. 5 [is] the muffle plate.

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts 95 A horizontal section of the furnace over the grates showing..the opening which receives the muffle-plate.

C2.

muffle chamber n. a chamber in a furnace or kiln that is heated on the outside.

ΚΠ

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 621/2 The other view has grating g, cinder hole f, charging hole d, muffle chamber b, escape for fumes l.

1982 O. Untracht Jewelry Concepts & Technol. xi. 519/1 The furnace must have a muffle chamber large enough to accommodate the maximum size of flask..that can be used on your centrifuge.

muffle furnace n. a furnace in which the object being heated is shielded from contact with the flames and the products of combustion; a furnace in which the heat is applied to the outside of the chamber containing the charge.

ΚΠ

1825 J. H. Vivian Let. 30 Oct. in J. Taylor Rec. Mining (1829) 60 A small cupel..is..placed under a muffle-furnace.

1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxi. 525 For baking electrodes, a tunnel muffle furnace is used, through which is slowly pushed a series of trucks, packed with the moulded anodes, which are covered with successive layers of charcoal and firebricks.

1949 Electronic Engin. 21 412 An apparatus was constructed for holding a bar-shaped specimen in the muffle furnace.

1989 Listener 4 May 14/1 We see him popping a bone into a muffle furnace.

muffle kiln n. a kiln analogous to a muffle furnace.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > pottery kilns

pot-oven1702

biscuit oven1768

gloss-oven1825

glaze-kiln1839

porcelain kiln1848

grand feu1850

smother-kiln1851

bisque1853

muffle kiln1853

muffle1875

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts 652 When this powder has been very finely sifted over the body coat, the cast iron article is put into a stove..to dry it hard; after which it is set in a muffle kiln to be fused into a glaze.

1897 J. C. L. Sparkes & W. Gandy Potters i. 43 The pigments..are all mixed in vehicles of an oily nature, and a most necessary step is to fire this oil out... This is done in..a muffle kiln..fired up to red heat only.

1947 W. B. Honey German Porcelain 8 More or less glassy pigments [were] applied over the glaze and fixed by a low-temperature firing in a muffle-kiln.

1971 L. A. Boger Dict. World Pottery & Porcelain 260/1 Enamel colors are fired at a comparatively low temperature of 700°C to 900°C in a muffle kiln.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† mufflen.⁶

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle.

Etymology: < Middle French moufle system of pulleys in a single block (1464 in this sense as mouffle ), extended use of moufle mitten (see muffle n.², and compare earlier muffle n.⁵). N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (mɒ·f'l) /ˈmʌf(ə)l/.

Obsolete.

A pulley block containing several pulleys.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > tackle > pulley(s) mounted in case > types of

snatch-blocka1625

runnera1738

jack block1794

mufflea1830

snatch1850

fiddle-block1858

truss-block1883

spider-sheave1903

power block1928

a1830 P. Barlow Mechanics in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) III. 47/2 An assemblage of several pulleys is called a system of pulleys, a muffle or polyspacton, of which some are in fixed blocks, and others in a moveable one.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1494/1 Muffle, a pulley-block containing several sheaves.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

mufflev.¹

Brit.

/ˈmʌfl/, U.S.

/ˈməf(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English moffel, late Middle English muffelle, late Middle English–1500s moffle, late Middle English–1600s muffel, late Middle English–1700s mufle, 1500s moffell, 1500s muffil, 1500s muffyl, 1500s– muffle.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Probably ultimately < Middle French moufle mitten (see muffle n.²); with the sense perhaps compare quot. 1568 at muff n.¹ 1a. Perhaps compare Old French enmofler (c1230; compare enmuffle v.). French mofler is not attested in this sense (1648 in F. Godefroy Dict. de l'ancienne langue française (1880 –1902) with sense ‘to stuff’). Compare later muffle n.¹, muffle n.²With sense 5 compare earlier muff v.⁴, muff glass n., muffled adj. 5.

a. transitive. Of a person: to wrap or enfold (another person, a face, etc.) in some kind of covering, esp. to provide concealment, warmth, or protection from the weather. Frequently with up; occasionally with round. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

forhelec888

i-hedec888

dernc893

hidec897

wryOE

behelec1000

behidec1000

bewryc1000

forhidec1000

overheleOE

hilla1250

fealc1325

cover1340

forcover1382

blinda1400

hulsterc1400

overclosec1400

concealc1425

shroud1426

blend1430

close1430

shadow1436

obumber?1440

mufflea1450

alaynec1450

mew?c1450

purloin1461

to keep close?1471

oversilec1478

bewrap1481

supprime1490

occulta1500

silec1500

smoor1513

shadec1530

skleir1532

oppressa1538

hudder-mudder1544

pretex1548

lap?c1550

absconce1570

to steek away1575

couch1577

recondite1578

huddle1581

mew1581

enshrine1582

enshroud1582

mask1582

veil1582

abscondc1586

smotherc1592

blot1593

sheathe1594

immask1595

secret1595

bemist1598

palliate1598

hoodwinka1600

overmaska1600

hugger1600

obscure1600

upwrap1600

undisclose1601

disguise1605

screen1611

underfold1612

huke1613

eclipsea1616

encavea1616

ensconcea1616

obscurify1622

cloud1623

inmewa1625

beclouda1631

pretext1634

covert1647

sconce1652

tapisa1660

shun1661

sneak1701

overlay1719

secrete1741

blank1764

submerge1796

slur1813

wrap1817

buttress1820

stifle1820

disidentify1845

to stick away1900

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > wrap or envelop

biwevec1000

wrap13..

mufflea1450

bemuffle1611

wrap1647

mither1847

snuggle1867

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 7055 (MED) She mufled hir face hir to desgyse That noon shuld know hir in noo wise.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 414 Than cam sir Brewnor..with his lady in his honde muffeled.

a1500 (?a1425) Antichrist (Peniarth) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mills Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. App. 504 Muffelyd in mantyls.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 641/2 I muffyl ones visage or his heed, I cover hym with clothes that he shulde nat be knowen, or from colde, je emmoufle.

1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Biij^v His face handsomlie muffled with a Diaper-napkin to couer his beard.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 46 The Duke of Suffolke, muffled vp in ragges?

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 131 Michal..muffled up in the bed an image in stead of her husband David.

1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ Deut. iii. 139 To..muffle their left hand when their right dispenseth almes.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxiii. 228 He tied an handkerchief over my face, head, and mouth, having first muffled me up in the cloak.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 179 He muffled up my head all round as with the hood of a great coat... In this guise he held me some time... He then unmuffled and let me go.

1815 ‘J. Mathers’ Hist. Mr. John Decastro & Brother Bat III. 44 A lady is muffled up to the throat.

1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) ii. 50 But we three Sat muffled like the Fates.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton ix She besought Bell to muffle up her throat.

a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) xxxviii. 169 With her face muffled up so that it could not be seen, weeping bitterly.

1939 R. P. Warren Night Rider x. 239 Those streets were deserted, except for a few children, well muffled in coats and stocking caps.

1987 N. Hinton Buddy's Song xxiv. 162 They stood, muffled up against the wind, with their hair plastered flat by the rain.

b. transitive. In extended use (literal and figurative): to cover up, conceal, obscure. Also: to insulate, protect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

dernc893

mitheeOE

wryOE

buryc1175

hidec1200

dilla1300

laina1375

keepa1382

wrapa1382

cover1382

conceala1393

curea1400

shroud1412

veilc1460

smorec1480

cele1484

suppress1533

wrap1560

smoulder1571

squat1577

muffle1582

estrange1611

screen1621

lock1646

umbrage1675

reserve1719

restrict1802

hugger-mugger1803

mask1841

ward1881

thimblerig1899

marzipan1974

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 59 Thee whilste thee sunbeams are maskt, hyls darcklye be muffled.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 8 Muffle your false loue with some shew of blindnesse: Let not my sister read it in your eye.

1658 W. Chamberlayne Loves Victory iv. 52 Mufl'd in clouds of sin and shame I go To grope for light, or sink in endlesse wo.

1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 81 What did Henry ever muffle and disguise but the truth?

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 3 Till envious ivy did around thee cling, Muffling with verdant ringlet every string.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 110 And therefore be as great as ye are named, Not muffled round with selfish reticence.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 260 Mystical emblems, Emblems muffled darkly.

1920 ‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 22 Jan. (1993) III. 189 Great pot of hot water muffled in a real soft thick bath towel.

1934 ‘M. J. Farrell’ Devoted Ladies v. 201 No cloud vilely muffled the sun.

1988 P. Toynbee End of Journey 384 At last they gave me a fourth type of analgesic, which does seem to..stop the pain without muffling my mind.

c. transitive. Of a garment, etc.: to cover or enfold (a person, face, etc., or occasionally another garment); (also) to wrap (a garment) round a person, face, etc.

ΚΠ

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxiii. 232 The cloak enough muffling me, and the handkerchief being over my mouth.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 39 A tall young man wrapped in a cloak, which obscured or muffled a part of his face.

1895 Mrs. H. Ward Bessie Costrell iii. 73 Her shawl was muffled round her head.

1939 J. B. Morton Bonfire of Weeds vi. 144 They are bell-bottomed, like a sailor's, and still so long that his dress shoes are muffled in them.

2. transitive. To prevent from speaking by wrapping up or covering (the head, mouth, etc.); to gag (a person). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > deprive of voice [verb (transitive)] > put to silence > by force

gag1509

muffle1570

confute1614

throttle1641

scobe1652

still1778

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii^v/2 To Muffle y^e mouth, obturare.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 119 [stage direct.] Enter Parolles with his Interpreter. Ber. A plague vpon him, muffeld; he can say nothing of me: hush, hush.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxvii. 281 ‘I vish you could muffle that 'ere Stiggins, and take him with you,’ said Mr. Weller.

1846 H. Marshall Mil. Misc. 373 A practice prevailed at one time in some lunatic asylums, of ‘muffling’ the more noisy patients, which consisted in binding a cloth tightly over the mouth and nostrils, for the alleged purpose of ‘dunning’ the noise, and keeping the patients quiet.

1958 Commentary 25 42/1 Some of the reviewers had their doubts. But they adopted various strategies for muffling them.

1990 Elle (U.S. ed.) Aug. 126/3 College administrators muffle student publications.

†3. transitive. To prevent from seeing by covering up (the head, eyes, etc.); to blindfold (a person). Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > prevent from seeing [verb (transitive)] > blindfold or cover eyes

blindfold?c1225

to stop (a person's) eyes or sightc1380

enclose1477

silec1500

hoodwink1562

muffle1573

scarf1598

bluff1673

to seal (a person's) eyes or ears1700

bonnet1828

blink1846

occlude1921

1573 G. Gascoigne & F. Kinwelmersh Iocasta 3rd Chorus in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres sig. Rii^v As though our eyes were mufled with a cloude.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius sig. Av How long will ye suffer your mouthes to be mooseled, and your eyes muffeled with such blynde errours.

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 168 Alas that loue whose view is muffled still, Should without lawes giue path-waies to our will.

1658 F. Osborne Mem. Reigns Elizabeth & James in Wks. (1673) 499 Muffled with love to the person of that Prince and his own Ambition.

1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 27 Taught by late experience how dangerous it is to sight in such dismal Woods, when their eyes were muffled with the leaves.

1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 627 When the Malefactour comes once to be muffled, and the fatal Cloth drawn over his Eyes.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 370 And since he was forbid to leave the Skies, He muffled with a Cloud his mournful Eyes.

a. transitive. To cover or wrap up (oars, a drum, a bell, etc.) so as to deaden the sound; to deaden the sound of (something). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > non-resonant sound [verb (transitive)] > deaden > wrap so as to deaden

muffle1761

1761 Brit. Mag. 2 500 They laid all their oars across, except two in each boat, which they muffled with baize, to prevent their being heard at a distance.

1806 A. Duncan Nelson's Funeral 28 The drums were muffled with black cloth.

1806 A. Duncan Nelson's Funeral 28 Ninety-second..Regiment;..band playing muffled.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxvi. 347 Kenwigs..proceeded to muffle the knob of the street-door knocker therein.

1853 Mrs. Gore Dean's Daughter I. iii. 34 The..Turkey carpets..muffled the rooms and corridors into the silence of the tomb.

1901 Speaker 20 July 450/1 Academism is all very well, but..it too often muffles the hammer of criticism, which ought to hit the nails of economic theory hard and on the head.

1952 A. Bevan In Place of Fear i. 6 His forebears had no part in the past, the accumulated dust of which now muffles his own footfalls.

1986 I. Banks Bridge i. ii. 31 He gives a little start; the carpet must have muffled my steps.

b. transitive. To limit the audibility of, to deaden (a sound).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > non-resonant sound [verb (transitive)] > deaden

damp1564

dead1611

deaden1726

absorb1791

muffle1832

mute1841

1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 62 From beneath Whose thick mysterious boughs..The panther's roar came muffled.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures & Piccadilly I. i. 18 The call of the cuckoo soft, and muffled, and remote.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 389 The first [heart] sound is muffled and prolonged.

1964 F. Chichester Lonely Sea & Sky (1967) xii. 131 I could stuff each ear with a plug of cotton wool, which muffled somewhat the roar from the open exhaust.

1979 D. Halberstam Powers that Be (1980) ii. vi. 292 One of the Time's handymen built a large table with a felt top to muffle the sound.

5. transitive. = muff v.⁴ rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > work with glass [verb (transitive)] > specific processes

blow1589

grind1651

centre1688

muff1877

muffle1908

1908 Let. from Glass-manufacturer in N.E.D. (at cited word) We speak of the ‘muffling’ of the glass being good or bad according as the glass is well or badly ‘muffled’. These are the only parts of an imaginary verb ‘to muffle’ which are used.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

mufflev.²

Brit.

/ˈmʌfl/, U.S.

/ˈməf(ə)l/

Forms: 1600s mufle; English regional 1800s– moffle (chiefly midlands), 1800s– muffle (chiefly midlands), 1800s– muffly (Somerset).

Origin: Of uncertain origin.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps imitative, or perhaps related to maffle v.; compare also muffle v.¹ 3, 4. Compare earlier muffling adj.¹ Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. maffle vb. and n. records also a form moffle (chiefly midlands), and also the related adjective moffling ‘speaking thickly and unintelligibly’ from Northamptonshire in the 19th cent.

rare. Now English regional.

intransitive. To speak indistinctly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > speak in a particular manner [verb (intransitive)] > mutter or mumble

mamblea1275

mumblec1350

blabber1362

babblea1400

muttera1425

pattera1425

rumble1440

barbettec1480

murmell1546

palter?1548

buzz1555

fumble1563

drumble1579

to sup up1579

radote?1590

chunter1599

putter1611

mussitate1623

muss1661

muffle1669

slobber1692

thruma1774

fumfer1954

1669 W. Holder Elem. Speech 79 On the other side, the closeness and Mufling, and (as I may say) Laziness of speaking..render the sound of their Speech considerably different.

1830 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia II. 218 Moffle, muffle, to speak thick and inarticulately.

a1903 W. F. Rose in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 6/1 [Somerset] She did zim to muffly when one spok to her, but I didn' think she were so bad.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1539

n.²1575

n.³1601

n.⁴1601

n.⁵1644

n.⁶a1830

v.¹a1450

v.²1669

单词	muffle
释义	mufflen.¹ Brit. /ˈmʌfl/, U.S. /ˈməf(ə)l/ Forms: 1500s 1800s– muffle, 1700s muftel (irregular); also Scottish pre-1700 mufell, pre-1700 muffell. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: muffle v.¹ Etymology: Apparently < muffle v.¹ Compare slightly later muff n.¹ and muffle n.² 1. a. Something that muffles or covers the face or neck; a muffler. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > clothing for neck and other parts > neck and head or face muffler1536 muffle1539 nubia1852 Balaclava helmet1881 1539 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1907) VII. 167 ij elnis of blak sating..to be thair saferis to thair hudis and thair mufellis. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii^v/2 A Muffle, focale. 1635 Edinb. Test. LVII. f. 56, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Muf(f)ell Ten muffellis at xl s. the peice. a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) i. 164 Why, with a hood on (if one only thinks) Or muffle of prim veils and scapularies. 1967 B. Friel Lovers (1969) 94 Him all happed up in his cap and his top coat and his muffle. 1986 D. Hogan New Shirt iii. 163 A woman from the Mid-West wearing a black furry tail on the back of her black hat..her hands in a black muffle. 1991 G. Ehrlich Islands, Universe, Home ix. 159 I can no longer see the lake, distinguish the knob from the flat, though the lake ice groans, shifting under the muffle of snow. †b. A muzzle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > muzzle muzzlec1385 muffle1570 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii^v/2 A Muffle for a dog, fistella [read fiscella]. 2. A device that muffles or deadens sound. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun] > deadening muffle1734 muffler1856 muffling1897 burglar's plaster1905 snubbing1951 bloop1953 1734 in E. Mackenzie Hist. Newcastle (1827) I. 314 Muftel's for the bells, 1s. 1830 C. C. F. Greville Mem. (1874) II. 7 He sent for the officer on guard, and ordered him to take all the muffles off the drums. 1975 M. Bradbury Hist. Man ix. 152 On the ceiling, an elaborate acoustical muffle. 3. Muffling effect; a muffled sound. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun] > deadening > effect muffle1886 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun] > deadening > deadened sound muffle1886 smother1904 1886 R. L. Stevenson Strange Case Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde v. 50 The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city..; and through the muffle and smother of these fallen clouds, the procession of the town's life was still rolling in..with a sound as of a mighty wind. 1902 Daily Chron. 11 Oct. 3/4 All one heard was the muffle of many hoofs and the eternal rattle of gun-carriage and baggage wagon. 1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie vii. 173 Every now and then, the governor would review his army, a tiny group of white-shorted natives which fit nicely into his small courtyard, to a muffle of drums. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). mufflen.² Brit. /ˈmʌfl/, U.S. /ˈməf(ə)l/ Forms: 1700s– muffle; Scottish pre-1700 muffill, pre-1700 mufle, 1700s– muffle. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle. Etymology: < Middle French moufle mitten (early 13th cent. in Old French) < post-classical Latin muffula thick glove, mitten (early 9th cent.; early 12th cent. in a British source as muffla , compare also apparent earlier use as a surname: Brihtuoldus Mufla (1066)), of unknown origin. Compare muff n.¹With sense 3 compare Old French moufles handcuffs (1200). 1. Scottish (chiefly northern and eastern) and English regional (Northumberland). = mitten n. 1a, mitt n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for hands > [noun] > mitten mitten1287 cuff1362 muffle1575 mitt1812 muffler1824 1575 Edinb. Test. III. f. 365, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Muffill Tua dosane of muffill gluiffis price of the dosane xxviij s. 1644 D. Hume Douglas (1743) I. 344 [The Earl of Douglas] is not easy to be dealt with; they must have mufles that would catch such a cat. 1724 in W. Macgill Old Ross-shire & Scotl. (1909) I. 147 To a pair muffles 15d. sterling. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Muffles, mittens, gloves that do not cover the fingers, used by women. a1899 D. Nicolson MS Coll. Caithness Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 192/2 A muffle has only two divisions; one for the thumb, and the other for the four fingers. 1929 H. Marwick Orkney Norn 113 Pit (put) ‘muffles’ (cuffs or fingerless gloves) on thee mellits. 1975 J. Y. Mather & H. H. Speitel Ling. Atlas Scotl. I. 169 The kind of gloves with one compartment for the thumb and another for all the fingers together, [Caithness, Sutherland, Inverness, Moray, etc.] muffles. †2. A boxing glove. Cf. muffler n. 3a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > boxing-glove muffle1747 muffler1747 boxing glove1780 glove1847 mitt1877 pillow1882 pug-glove1938 1747 in H. Wilson Wonderful Characters (1821) III. 448 Muffles are provided, that will effectually secure them [sc. pupils] from the inconvenience of black eyes, broken jaws, and bloody noses. 1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress Pref. 19 The Greeks, for mere exercise of sparring, made use of muffles or gloves as we do. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II xcii. 165 Just like a black eye in a recent scuffle (For sometimes we must box without a muffle). 1858 Eclectic Rev. 6th Ser. 3 428 That all boys in a school be taught to box with muffles. †3. A kind of leather glove or mitten used for restraining patients in lunatic asylums; = muff n.¹ 1d. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun] > glove restraining tearing-up of clothes muffler1845 muff1854 muffle1862 1862 H. Mayhew & J. Binny Criminal Prisons of London 433 Several handcuffs on pegs, and instruments that appear like leathern bottles, but which, we are informed, are muffles, which were sent from Hanwell some years ago, when some lunatic prisoners were given to tearing up their clothes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). mufflen.³ Brit. /ˈmʌfl/, U.S. /ˈməf(ə)l/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mufle. Etymology: < Middle French, French mufle (1540 in Middle French; 1562 as muffle in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny: compare quot. 1601 at sense a); further etymology unknown. Compare mouffle n. a. The thick mobile part of the upper lip and nose of certain mammals, esp. ruminants. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > parts of > (parts of) nose promuscis1600 muffle1601 proboscis1607 proboss1659 rhinarium1838 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > [noun] > ruminant > parts of > upper lip and nose muffle1601 muzzle1870 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xxxvii. 331 Some haue but one horne apeece, and that either in the mids of the forehead, as the Oryx; or else in the nose, and muffle, as the Rhinoceros. 1791 P. Campbell Trav. Interior Parts N. Amer. (1937) 97 I bought 20 lb. of Moose meat, and a Muffle, as it is called. 1846 G. R. Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mammalia I. 50 (note) The French naturalists use the word ‘muffle’ for that part at the end of the nose which is naked in the Ox, Dog, &c.; where the same part is covered by hairs, as in the Rabbit, the animal is said to have no muffle. The term will be used to designate the corresponding part of the nose, whether hairy or not, in this work. 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha ii. 21 Mudjekeewis..drew the Belt of Wampum..Over the long nose and nostrils, The black muffle of the nostrils [sc. of the Great Bear]. 1891 W. H. Flower & R. Lydekker Introd. Study Mammals 163 Potorous... Tarsus short. Muffle naked. 1950 W. R. Bird This is Nova Scotia 88 [She] was a large handsome woman..famous for her moose muffle soup. 1958 C. Wilson Northern Treasury 158 Muffle—the great proboscis of the lordly moose appearing as an article of food is terrifying to say the least. †b. A proboscis. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > snout > proboscis muffle1601 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. x. 314 Their forefeet..again are charged full by the meanes of their [sc. bees'] muffle. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 353 Through that muffle or trunke of his, he [sc. the elephant] soundeth (as it were) out of a Trumpet. Compounds muffle-jaw n. U.S. (now rare) any of various North American freshwater sculpins of the genus Cottus. ΚΠ 1877 Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. (N.Y.) 10 321 It [sc. Cottus bairdi] is locally known as ‘Blob’ and ‘Muffle-jaw’. 1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. 696 Uranidea richardsonii... Miller's Thumb;..Muffle-jaw. 1911 Rep. Comm. U.S. Bureau Fisheries 1908 315 Sculpin..in the lakes and streams of the Northern states [are called]..‘goblins’, ‘blobs’, ‘muffle-jaws’, etc. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † mufflen.⁴ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French muffle. Etymology: < Middle French muffle (1552 in a translation of S. Münster's Latin Cosmographia (1540); misprinted mnffle in Du Pinet's translation of Pliny (1562): compare quot. 1601): see mouflon n. Compare early modern German muffelthier (16th cent.; German Muffeltier ). Compare mouflon n., muffrone n. Obsolete. The mouflon, Ovis orientalis. Cf. muffrone n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > ovis musimon (moufflon) muffle1601 musmon1601 mouflon1774 muffrone1864 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxx. xv. 399 In Sardinia..there is a beast called Ophion. [marg.] A Muffle, as Munster taketh it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2020). mufflen.⁵ Brit. /ˈmʌfl/, U.S. /ˈməf(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s– muffle, 1800s muffel. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle. Etymology: < French moufle (1579 in Middle French in this sense; compare Italian muffola in same sense: see muffuletta n.), perhaps a transferred use of moufle mitten (see muffle n.², and compare later muffle n.⁶).The earlier form mufflar is recorded in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue s.v. Mufflar n., although its relationship with the present word is unclear:1609 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scotl. (1878) 151 For clay to mak mufflaris for the assay furnace viii. s. 1. a. Metallurgy and Chemistry. A cover which encloses an object that is to be heated in a furnace or kiln and shields it from the flames and the products of combustion. Later also: a chamber in a furnace or kiln that is heated on the outside, so likewise providing protection from the flames. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > parts of kiln balk1432 killogie15.. kiln-holea1616 muffle1644 logie1780 society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels crossletc1386 testc1386 cruciblea1475 spoon1496 melting pot1545 cruset1558 fining pot1560 hooker1594 cupel1605 crusoile1613 crisol1622 melt pot1637 muffle1644 crevet1658 coffin1686 sand-pot1758 Hessian crucible1807 pan1839 shank1843 casting-pot1846 king pot1862 converter1867 washpot1879 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. x. 433 It continueth melted, flowing, and in motion vnder the muffle. 1677 tr. C. Glaser Compl. Chymist 70 Place a good Cupple with its Muffle in a little Furnace made for this purpose. 1742 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 42 188 The Vessels that are painted or cover'd over with this Glazing, must be..put under a Muffle, and as soon as the Glass runs, you must smoak them, and take out the Vessels. 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing II. ii. ii. i. 54 Indigo exposed to the action of fire..under a muffle fumes and swells. 1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass ii. xiv. 301 The glass is placed during the firing in a close iron box or oven, which is called a muffle. 1868 F. H. Joynson Metals in Constr. 113 On then heating the metal to bright redness, in a muffle or iron cylinder, a white surface of arsenide of iron is produced. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 314/1 [The needles] are..then re-heated in the muffle. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xi. 173 If the question is one of external heating of muffles or crucibles, the utilisation of heat is small. 1967 M. Chandler Ceramics in Mod. World ii. 81 It is necessary to have a muffle throughout the length of the kiln. 1986 Sunday Express 1 June (Colour Suppl.) 25 (advt.) Into these cells, colourful enamel pastes are laid and fused in the flame protected muffle of a kiln. †b. A furnace or kiln containing a muffle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > pottery kilns pot-oven1702 biscuit oven1768 gloss-oven1825 glaze-kiln1839 porcelain kiln1848 grand feu1850 smother-kiln1851 bisque1853 muffle kiln1853 muffle1875 1875 Guide Royal Porcelain Wks. 19 The kilns used for this purpose may properly be called muffles. 1879 Encycl. Brit. IX. 843/1 The construction of a muffle furnace as used by assayers has already been described... Larger-sized muffles are used by enamellers and painters. 1897 Daily News 2 Oct. 2/5 These odd little furnaces are called ‘muffles’, and consume the tobacco to get at the ash. †2. A receptacle for fuel in a kiln for drying grain. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > kiln for drying grain > receptacle in muffle1797 1797 Monthly Mag. 3 49/2 The fuel in these kilns is put into a cast-metal muffle, placed under the centre, and adapted to the size of the kiln. To this muffle are joined pipes of rolled iron, &c. which carry the heat to the extreme parts, and terminate in a chimney. Compounds C1. † muffle plate n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1816 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 572/1 Fig. 5 [is] the muffle plate. 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts 95 A horizontal section of the furnace over the grates showing..the opening which receives the muffle-plate. C2. muffle chamber n. a chamber in a furnace or kiln that is heated on the outside. ΚΠ a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 621/2 The other view has grating g, cinder hole f, charging hole d, muffle chamber b, escape for fumes l. 1982 O. Untracht Jewelry Concepts & Technol. xi. 519/1 The furnace must have a muffle chamber large enough to accommodate the maximum size of flask..that can be used on your centrifuge. muffle furnace n. a furnace in which the object being heated is shielded from contact with the flames and the products of combustion; a furnace in which the heat is applied to the outside of the chamber containing the charge. ΚΠ 1825 J. H. Vivian Let. 30 Oct. in J. Taylor Rec. Mining (1829) 60 A small cupel..is..placed under a muffle-furnace. 1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xxi. 525 For baking electrodes, a tunnel muffle furnace is used, through which is slowly pushed a series of trucks, packed with the moulded anodes, which are covered with successive layers of charcoal and firebricks. 1949 Electronic Engin. 21 412 An apparatus was constructed for holding a bar-shaped specimen in the muffle furnace. 1989 Listener 4 May 14/1 We see him popping a bone into a muffle furnace. muffle kiln n. a kiln analogous to a muffle furnace. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > kiln > [noun] > pottery kilns pot-oven1702 biscuit oven1768 gloss-oven1825 glaze-kiln1839 porcelain kiln1848 grand feu1850 smother-kiln1851 bisque1853 muffle kiln1853 muffle1875 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts 652 When this powder has been very finely sifted over the body coat, the cast iron article is put into a stove..to dry it hard; after which it is set in a muffle kiln to be fused into a glaze. 1897 J. C. L. Sparkes & W. Gandy Potters i. 43 The pigments..are all mixed in vehicles of an oily nature, and a most necessary step is to fire this oil out... This is done in..a muffle kiln..fired up to red heat only. 1947 W. B. Honey German Porcelain 8 More or less glassy pigments [were] applied over the glaze and fixed by a low-temperature firing in a muffle-kiln. 1971 L. A. Boger Dict. World Pottery & Porcelain 260/1 Enamel colors are fired at a comparatively low temperature of 700°C to 900°C in a muffle kiln. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † mufflen.⁶ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle. Etymology: < Middle French moufle system of pulleys in a single block (1464 in this sense as mouffle ), extended use of moufle mitten (see muffle n.², and compare earlier muffle n.⁵). N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (mɒ·f'l) /ˈmʌf(ə)l/. Obsolete. A pulley block containing several pulleys. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > tackle > pulley(s) mounted in case > types of snatch-blocka1625 runnera1738 jack block1794 mufflea1830 snatch1850 fiddle-block1858 truss-block1883 spider-sheave1903 power block1928 a1830 P. Barlow Mechanics in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) III. 47/2 An assemblage of several pulleys is called a system of pulleys, a muffle or polyspacton, of which some are in fixed blocks, and others in a moveable one. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1494/1 Muffle, a pulley-block containing several sheaves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021). mufflev.¹ Brit. /ˈmʌfl/, U.S. /ˈməf(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English moffel, late Middle English muffelle, late Middle English–1500s moffle, late Middle English–1600s muffel, late Middle English–1700s mufle, 1500s moffell, 1500s muffil, 1500s muffyl, 1500s– muffle. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a borrowing from French. Etymon: French moufle. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Probably ultimately < Middle French moufle mitten (see muffle n.²); with the sense perhaps compare quot. 1568 at muff n.¹ 1a. Perhaps compare Old French enmofler (c1230; compare enmuffle v.). French mofler is not attested in this sense (1648 in F. Godefroy Dict. de l'ancienne langue française (1880 –1902) with sense ‘to stuff’). Compare later muffle n.¹, muffle n.²With sense 5 compare earlier muff v.⁴, muff glass n., muffled adj. 5. 1. a. transitive. Of a person: to wrap or enfold (another person, a face, etc.) in some kind of covering, esp. to provide concealment, warmth, or protection from the weather. Frequently with up; occasionally with round. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] heeleOE forhelec888 i-hedec888 dernc893 hidec897 wryOE behelec1000 behidec1000 bewryc1000 forhidec1000 overheleOE hilla1250 fealc1325 cover1340 forcover1382 blinda1400 hulsterc1400 overclosec1400 concealc1425 shroud1426 blend1430 close1430 shadow1436 obumber?1440 mufflea1450 alaynec1450 mew?c1450 purloin1461 to keep close?1471 oversilec1478 bewrap1481 supprime1490 occulta1500 silec1500 smoor1513 shadec1530 skleir1532 oppressa1538 hudder-mudder1544 pretex1548 lap?c1550 absconce1570 to steek away1575 couch1577 recondite1578 huddle1581 mew1581 enshrine1582 enshroud1582 mask1582 veil1582 abscondc1586 smotherc1592 blot1593 sheathe1594 immask1595 secret1595 bemist1598 palliate1598 hoodwinka1600 overmaska1600 hugger1600 obscure1600 upwrap1600 undisclose1601 disguise1605 screen1611 underfold1612 huke1613 eclipsea1616 encavea1616 ensconcea1616 obscurify1622 cloud1623 inmewa1625 beclouda1631 pretext1634 covert1647 sconce1652 tapisa1660 shun1661 sneak1701 overlay1719 secrete1741 blank1764 submerge1796 slur1813 wrap1817 buttress1820 stifle1820 disidentify1845 to stick away1900 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > wrap or envelop biwevec1000 wrap13.. mufflea1450 bemuffle1611 wrap1647 mither1847 snuggle1867 a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 7055 (MED) She mufled hir face hir to desgyse That noon shuld know hir in noo wise. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 414 Than cam sir Brewnor..with his lady in his honde muffeled. a1500 (?a1425) Antichrist (Peniarth) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mills Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. App. 504 Muffelyd in mantyls. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 641/2 I muffyl ones visage or his heed, I cover hym with clothes that he shulde nat be knowen, or from colde, je emmoufle. 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Biij^v His face handsomlie muffled with a Diaper-napkin to couer his beard. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 46 The Duke of Suffolke, muffled vp in ragges? View more context for this quotation 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 131 Michal..muffled up in the bed an image in stead of her husband David. 1657 W. Morice Coena quasi Κοινὴ Deut. iii. 139 To..muffle their left hand when their right dispenseth almes. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxiii. 228 He tied an handkerchief over my face, head, and mouth, having first muffled me up in the cloak. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 179 He muffled up my head all round as with the hood of a great coat... In this guise he held me some time... He then unmuffled and let me go. 1815 ‘J. Mathers’ Hist. Mr. John Decastro & Brother Bat III. 44 A lady is muffled up to the throat. 1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) ii. 50 But we three Sat muffled like the Fates. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton ix She besought Bell to muffle up her throat. a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) xxxviii. 169 With her face muffled up so that it could not be seen, weeping bitterly. 1939 R. P. Warren Night Rider x. 239 Those streets were deserted, except for a few children, well muffled in coats and stocking caps. 1987 N. Hinton Buddy's Song xxiv. 162 They stood, muffled up against the wind, with their hair plastered flat by the rain. b. transitive. In extended use (literal and figurative): to cover up, conceal, obscure. Also: to insulate, protect. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] heeleOE dernc893 mitheeOE wryOE buryc1175 hidec1200 dilla1300 laina1375 keepa1382 wrapa1382 cover1382 conceala1393 curea1400 shroud1412 veilc1460 smorec1480 cele1484 suppress1533 wrap1560 smoulder1571 squat1577 muffle1582 estrange1611 screen1621 lock1646 umbrage1675 reserve1719 restrict1802 hugger-mugger1803 mask1841 ward1881 thimblerig1899 marzipan1974 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 59 Thee whilste thee sunbeams are maskt, hyls darcklye be muffled. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 8 Muffle your false loue with some shew of blindnesse: Let not my sister read it in your eye. View more context for this quotation 1658 W. Chamberlayne Loves Victory iv. 52 Mufl'd in clouds of sin and shame I go To grope for light, or sink in endlesse wo. 1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 81 What did Henry ever muffle and disguise but the truth? 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 3 Till envious ivy did around thee cling, Muffling with verdant ringlet every string. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 110 And therefore be as great as ye are named, Not muffled round with selfish reticence. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 260 Mystical emblems, Emblems muffled darkly. 1920 ‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 22 Jan. (1993) III. 189 Great pot of hot water muffled in a real soft thick bath towel. 1934 ‘M. J. Farrell’ Devoted Ladies v. 201 No cloud vilely muffled the sun. 1988 P. Toynbee End of Journey 384 At last they gave me a fourth type of analgesic, which does seem to..stop the pain without muffling my mind. c. transitive. Of a garment, etc.: to cover or enfold (a person, face, etc., or occasionally another garment); (also) to wrap (a garment) round a person, face, etc. ΚΠ 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxiii. 232 The cloak enough muffling me, and the handkerchief being over my mouth. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 39 A tall young man wrapped in a cloak, which obscured or muffled a part of his face. 1895 Mrs. H. Ward Bessie Costrell iii. 73 Her shawl was muffled round her head. 1939 J. B. Morton Bonfire of Weeds vi. 144 They are bell-bottomed, like a sailor's, and still so long that his dress shoes are muffled in them. 2. transitive. To prevent from speaking by wrapping up or covering (the head, mouth, etc.); to gag (a person). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > deprive of voice [verb (transitive)] > put to silence > by force gag1509 muffle1570 confute1614 throttle1641 scobe1652 still1778 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii^v/2 To Muffle y^e mouth, obturare. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 119 [stage direct.] Enter Parolles with his Interpreter. Ber. A plague vpon him, muffeld; he can say nothing of me: hush, hush. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxvii. 281 ‘I vish you could muffle that 'ere Stiggins, and take him with you,’ said Mr. Weller. 1846 H. Marshall Mil. Misc. 373 A practice prevailed at one time in some lunatic asylums, of ‘muffling’ the more noisy patients, which consisted in binding a cloth tightly over the mouth and nostrils, for the alleged purpose of ‘dunning’ the noise, and keeping the patients quiet. 1958 Commentary 25 42/1 Some of the reviewers had their doubts. But they adopted various strategies for muffling them. 1990 Elle (U.S. ed.) Aug. 126/3 College administrators muffle student publications. †3. transitive. To prevent from seeing by covering up (the head, eyes, etc.); to blindfold (a person). Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > not seeing or preventing from seeing > prevent from seeing [verb (transitive)] > blindfold or cover eyes blindfold?c1225 to stop (a person's) eyes or sightc1380 enclose1477 silec1500 hoodwink1562 muffle1573 scarf1598 bluff1673 to seal (a person's) eyes or ears1700 bonnet1828 blink1846 occlude1921 1573 G. Gascoigne & F. Kinwelmersh Iocasta 3rd Chorus in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres sig. Rii^v As though our eyes were mufled with a cloude. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius sig. Av How long will ye suffer your mouthes to be mooseled, and your eyes muffeled with such blynde errours. 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 168 Alas that loue whose view is muffled still, Should without lawes giue path-waies to our will. View more context for this quotation 1658 F. Osborne Mem. Reigns Elizabeth & James in Wks. (1673) 499 Muffled with love to the person of that Prince and his own Ambition. 1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 27 Taught by late experience how dangerous it is to sight in such dismal Woods, when their eyes were muffled with the leaves. 1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 627 When the Malefactour comes once to be muffled, and the fatal Cloth drawn over his Eyes. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 370 And since he was forbid to leave the Skies, He muffled with a Cloud his mournful Eyes. 4. a. transitive. To cover or wrap up (oars, a drum, a bell, etc.) so as to deaden the sound; to deaden the sound of (something). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > non-resonant sound [verb (transitive)] > deaden > wrap so as to deaden muffle1761 1761 Brit. Mag. 2 500 They laid all their oars across, except two in each boat, which they muffled with baize, to prevent their being heard at a distance. 1806 A. Duncan Nelson's Funeral 28 The drums were muffled with black cloth. 1806 A. Duncan Nelson's Funeral 28 Ninety-second..Regiment;..band playing muffled. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxvi. 347 Kenwigs..proceeded to muffle the knob of the street-door knocker therein. 1853 Mrs. Gore Dean's Daughter I. iii. 34 The..Turkey carpets..muffled the rooms and corridors into the silence of the tomb. 1901 Speaker 20 July 450/1 Academism is all very well, but..it too often muffles the hammer of criticism, which ought to hit the nails of economic theory hard and on the head. 1952 A. Bevan In Place of Fear i. 6 His forebears had no part in the past, the accumulated dust of which now muffles his own footfalls. 1986 I. Banks Bridge i. ii. 31 He gives a little start; the carpet must have muffled my steps. b. transitive. To limit the audibility of, to deaden (a sound). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > non-resonant sound [verb (transitive)] > deaden damp1564 dead1611 deaden1726 absorb1791 muffle1832 mute1841 1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in Poems (new ed.) 62 From beneath Whose thick mysterious boughs..The panther's roar came muffled. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures & Piccadilly I. i. 18 The call of the cuckoo soft, and muffled, and remote. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 389 The first [heart] sound is muffled and prolonged. 1964 F. Chichester Lonely Sea & Sky (1967) xii. 131 I could stuff each ear with a plug of cotton wool, which muffled somewhat the roar from the open exhaust. 1979 D. Halberstam Powers that Be (1980) ii. vi. 292 One of the Time's handymen built a large table with a felt top to muffle the sound. 5. transitive. = muff v.⁴ rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > work with glass [verb (transitive)] > specific processes blow1589 grind1651 centre1688 muff1877 muffle1908 1908 Let. from Glass-manufacturer in N.E.D. (at cited word) We speak of the ‘muffling’ of the glass being good or bad according as the glass is well or badly ‘muffled’. These are the only parts of an imaginary verb ‘to muffle’ which are used. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). mufflev.² Brit. /ˈmʌfl/, U.S. /ˈməf(ə)l/ Forms: 1600s mufle; English regional 1800s– moffle (chiefly midlands), 1800s– muffle (chiefly midlands), 1800s– muffly (Somerset). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps imitative, or perhaps related to maffle v.; compare also muffle v.¹ 3, 4. Compare earlier muffling adj.¹ Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. maffle vb. and n. records also a form moffle (chiefly midlands), and also the related adjective moffling ‘speaking thickly and unintelligibly’ from Northamptonshire in the 19th cent. rare. Now English regional. intransitive. To speak indistinctly. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > speak in a particular manner [verb (intransitive)] > mutter or mumble mamblea1275 mumblec1350 blabber1362 babblea1400 muttera1425 pattera1425 rumble1440 barbettec1480 murmell1546 palter?1548 buzz1555 fumble1563 drumble1579 to sup up1579 radote?1590 chunter1599 putter1611 mussitate1623 muss1661 muffle1669 slobber1692 thruma1774 fumfer1954 1669 W. Holder Elem. Speech 79 On the other side, the closeness and Mufling, and (as I may say) Laziness of speaking..render the sound of their Speech considerably different. 1830 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia II. 218 Moffle, muffle, to speak thick and inarticulately. a1903 W. F. Rose in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 6/1 [Somerset] She did zim to muffly when one spok to her, but I didn' think she were so bad. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1539n.²1575n.³1601n.⁴1601n.⁵1644n.⁶a1830v.¹a1450v.²1669
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mufflen.1

mufflen.2

mufflen.3

Compounds

† mufflen.4

mufflen.5

Compounds

† mufflen.6

mufflev.1

mufflev.2

mufflen.¹

mufflen.²

mufflen.³

† mufflen.⁴

mufflen.⁵

† mufflen.⁶

mufflev.¹

mufflev.²