单词 | mund |
释义 | mundn.ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > length or breadth of hand mundOE palma1382 OE Beowulf 236 Gewat him þa to waroðe..þegn Hroðgares, þrymmum cwehte mægenwudu mundum. OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 27 Mar. 48 Stænen bedd, seofon fota lang, þrym mundum hierra þonne þæs huses flor. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10975 He [sc. the lake] is end-longe feouwer & sixti munden. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2273 (MED) He smoot Jophas vpon þe mounde, Jn to þe sadel at one wounde. 2. Protection, guardianship; (also) the fine paid for breach of the laws of protection; spec. in Law. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] warec893 mundbyrdeOE mundOE forhillinga1300 hillinga1300 weringa1300 warranting1303 garrisonc1320 defencec1325 defendingc1350 protectionc1350 garnisonc1386 safe warda1398 warrantise?a1400 safeguard1421 safekeeping1425 defension?a1439 defendancec1450 warisonc1450 propugnation1575 guard1576 fortifying1580 debate1581 shielding1581 shrouda1586 patronage1590 shrouding1615 fortressing?1624 munification1653 fencinga1661 castleward1674 fending1771 safeguardance1897 OE Wulfstan God's Threat to Sinning Israel (Nero) 253 Ge orsorge wuniaþ on lande on griðe & on friðe under minre munde. lOE Laws of Æðelberht (Rochester) lxxvi. 7 Gif man widuwan unagne genimeþ, ii gelde seo mund sy. lOE Laws of Wihtræd (Rochester) viii. 13 Gif man his mæn an wiofode freols gefe, se sie folcfry; freolsgefa age his erfe ænde wergeld & munde þare hina. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10518 Ah ȝif þi wille weore þat þu woldest..senden me twælf scipen & hælden me to munde a þire aȝere hond. 1805 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons IV. 317 The mund of the widow of the second sort was valued at twenty shillings. 1861 H. S. Maine Anc. Law v. 143 All the Germanic immigrants seem to have recognised a corporate union of the family under the mund, or authority of a patriarchal chief. 1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland Hist. Eng. Law I. ii. ii. 464 Once more we see prerogatival rights growing, while feudal claims fall into the background; and in the case of lunacy we see a guardianship, a mund, which is not profitable to the guardian. 1959 Earl Jowitt & C. Walsh Dict. Eng. Law II. 1200/1 Mund, protection, peace. 3. A protector, a guardian. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron fathereOE mundOE governor1340 protectorc1390 feedera1400 patronc1400 taker-upa1425 fautora1464 provisora1475 vower1488 presidenta1522 parent1526 guardiant1618 big brother1837 avoué1851 fanger- OE Royal Charter: Edward the Confessor to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 1047) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 180 Ic eom þæs mynstres mund & upheald. OE Will of Wulfric (Sawyer 1536) in P. H. Sawyer Charters of Burton Abbey (1979) 54 Ic wille þæt Ælfhelm si hire mund, & þæs landes. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11600 Al þas kineriche. of me þu scalt halden, and habben me to munde. 1310–11 ( Writ of Edward the Confessor, Beverley (Sawyer 1067) in F. E. Harmer Anglo-Saxon Writs (1952) 137 Ðat he beo þær to geheald & mund under me. 2006 S. Wood Proprietary Church in Medieval West xvi. 552 Siflaed made St Edmund mund—protector or guardian—over the church (by implication). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] mund?c1250 steemc1330 greatnessc1410 substancec1425 importance1485 weight1521 moment1522 weightiness1530 importancy1531 importunance1546 import1548 reckoning1582 sequel1588 ponderosity1589 valure1594 consequence1597 significance1597 circumstance1599 consequent1599 eminency1622 importmenta1625 concernment1626 consideration1634 telling1636 signification1645 considerableness1647 concerningness1657 nearness1679 significancy1679 respectability1769 interest1809 noteworthiness1852 portee1893 valency1897 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] goodnessOE mund?c1250 daintethc1290 bountyc1300 daintyc1300 excellencec1384 virtuea1393 excellency?a1400 nobilitya1400 meritc1425 singularity?c1450 fineness1523 admirationa1533 rareness1545 rightness1561 rariety1566 rarity1566 excellentness1569 beautya1586 admirableness1607 primeness1611 gallantry1650 eximiety1656 optimity1656 altesse1660 unexceptionableness1669 excellingness1701 quality1803 sterlingness1815 stupendosity1828 goodliness1832 superbness1832 unexceptionability1837 sweetness and light1867 class1884 rortiness1885 rippingness1903 superstardom1928 motherfucker1977 awesomeness1998 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > reputability or honourableness > [noun] worshipeOE worthOE dignity?c1225 worthsc1225 mund?c1250 pricea1325 worthfulheada1325 valourc1330 dignesse1399 value?a1400 honesty1418 worthiheadc1425 honourabilityc1426 worthihood?1457 sadnessa1513 honourableness1553 respect1567 worshipfulty1589 ingenuity1598 creditableness1647 honorificabilitudinity1656 worshipfulness1663 reputability1792 creditability1805 ?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 109 (MED) Þat child..is so milde & wlong, & eke of grete munde. c1330 Gregorius (Auch.) (1914) 645 (MED) Gregori was muchel of mounde, Bot he was wonderliche pouer. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 176 (MED) Michel he couþe of hauk & hounde, Of estriche faucouns of gret mounde. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 3354 Doun fel Yder, bi Godes mounde. a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 10 (MED) He wende toward bruges..wiþ swiþe grete mounde [rhyme grounde]. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2203 Ȝif ȝee willeþ listnen to, Ȝee shullen yhere geste of mounde. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 2651 An heiȝe strate, Also noble of riche mounde As is Chepe þat is in Lounde. a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) 2328 (MED) Suche at Acrys was there none founde, Pauylyoun of so moche mounde. c1450 (?a1400) T. Chestre Sir Launfal (1930) 597 A knyȝt of mochell mounde. Compounds mundbyrd n. (also mundeburde) [ < mund n. + Old English byrd burden] now historical = sense 2. ΚΠ eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 917 Þæt folc eal þæt þær to lafe wæs þara landleoda beag to Eadwearde cyninge, & sohton his friþ & his mundbyrde. lOE Laws of Æðelberht (Rochester) xv. 4 Ceorles mundbyrd: vi scillingas. 1805 S. Turner Hist. Anglo-Saxons IV. 317 The Mundbyrd was a right of protection or patronage which individuals possessed for their own benefit or that of others. 1999 P. Wormald Making of Eng. Law I. i. ii. 103 Wihtræd revealed the Church's tightening grip on Anglo-Saxon society..when..equating its ‘protection value (mundbyrd)’ with his own. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE |
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