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单词 munda
释义

Mundan.adj.

Brit. /ˈmʊndə/, U.S. /ˈmʊndə/
Inflections: Plural Mundas, unchanged.
Forms: 1800s Moondah, 1800s– Munda, 1800s– Munde.
Origin: A borrowing from Mundari. Etymon: Mundari Muṇḍā.
Etymology: < Mundari Muṇḍā. Compare Mundari n. and adj. and the following:1906 S. Konow in G. A. Grierson Ling. Survey India IV. 8 The word Muṇḍā is used by foreigners to designate the Muṇḍas of the Ranchi district, i.e. only a section of the whole race [sc. those that in English are called Mundari]. In Muṇḍārī it denotes the village chief and..landed proprietors.
A. n.
1. A member of an ancient Indian people of pre-Aryan origin now living scattered in central India and in a region extending from east central India towards Bangladesh. Formerly also called Kolarian.The main area of Munda settlement is the state of Jharkhand in eastern India, created in 2000, together with adjacent parts of West Bengal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > pre-Aryan Indian peoples > person
Munda1805
1805 F. Wilford in Asiatick Researches 8 336 To the East are the..Muńda.
1847 B. H. Hodgson On Aborigines India iii. 150 Among the Kóls, I have seen many Orauns and Múndas nearly black.
1854 F. M. Müller in C. C. J. Bunsen Christianity & Mankind III. 437 These people, called themselves ‘Munda’, which as an old ethnic name, I have adopted for the common appellation of the aboriginal Koles.
1866 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 35: Pt. ii (Special No.) 26 There are..‘moondahs’ and Santals..speaking dialects of a language very different from the Dravidian.
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 41/2 There are scattered remnants of a still earlier population of India (Mundas, Kolarians), whose race characteristics..do not so essentially differ from those of the Dravidians.
1912 S. C. Roy Mundas & their Country i. 16 The site of the original home of the Mundas will perhaps ever remain hidden from view in the mist of ages.
1970 R. Yamada Cultural Formation of Mundas i. i. 13 The Mundas, together with several other Austroasiatic peoples in India, are called an agricultural people.
1997 G. F. Barz & T. J. Cooley Shadows in Field 126 (heading) Among Mundas.
2. A group of languages belonging to the Austro-Asiatic family, spoken in the region inhabited by the Mundas; (also) any of the several languages of this group, esp. Santali and Mundari. Cf. Mundari n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Austric > [noun] > Austroasiatic > Munda
Munda1875
1875 R. Caldwell Compar. Gram. Dravidian Lang. 42 I have not included the Hô, the Mûnde, or any of the rest of the languages of the Kôls..and other rude tribes of Central India.
1877 A. H. Keane tr. A. Hovelacque Sci. of Lang. iv. 138 Munda. The language of the Kols, or Kolhs (south-west of Calcutta), would seem, like Sinhalese, to be independent of the Dravidian group.
1956 J. Whatmough Lang. ii. 30 Munda is now found chiefly in the eastern Himalayas and in isolated regions in the Central Provinces.
1989 J. P. Mallory In Search of Indo-Europeans ii. 44 Much less likely is Munda, a non-Indo-European language now confined to central India but which once extended north to the Ganges.
B. adj.
Of, relating to, or designating the Mundas or their languages; = Kolarian n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > pre-Aryan Indian peoples
Munda1854
Adivasi1953
the mind > language > languages of the world > Austric > [adjective] > specific Austroasiatic
Annamitic1820
Annamite1843
Annamese1848
Santal1852
Munda1854
Khasi1855
Santalic1875
Mon-Khmer1887
Kol1903
Korku1906
Temiar1933
Mon1939
Vietnamese1947
1854 F. M. Müller in C. C. J. Bunsen Christianity & Mankind III. 438 The dictionaries of the Munda and Tamulian languages differ more than should be the case with cognate dialects.
1904 G. A. Grierson Ling. Surv. India II. 1 The Mundā order is subject, object, verb, while in Khassi and Mōn it is subject, verb, object.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 71 Some scholars believe both the Munda and the Mon-Khmer families to be related to the Malayo-Polynesian family (forming the so-called Austric family of languages).
1975 Amer. Speech 1972 47 289 The Indo-Aryan languages have acquired various structural features from the Dravidian and Munda languages spoken by the subjected peoples.
1994 Man 29 247/2 The key to Munda social organization is kinship not kingship.
1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 45/2 The Munda group includes Korku, Bhumij, Saltali, Mundari, Ho, Kharia, Sora and others.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1805
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