† naitn.

Forms: Middle English nait, Middle English naite; Scottish pre-1700 nait, pre-1700 nate.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic neyti , Norwegian nytte , Old Swedish -nöte use, advantage) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic neytr good, fit for use (see nait adj.¹). Compare nait v.²

Obsolete. rare.

1. Profit, advantage; usefulness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > advantage, profit, or use

nuteOE

gainc1175

naita1400

oeps1425

fardel1523

accrue1598

account1611

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 22883 (MED) Agh we þer-on to seke resun Hu he dos alkin thing to nait [a1400 Fairf. naite; a1400 Trin. Cambr. note]?

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24746 (MED) Þof mans wijt be neuer sa strait, Sco mai well bring it vnto nait [a1400 Fairf. in-to naite].

1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 61 I defend that we fall in any fechtine; I had mekill mair nait, sum freindschip to find.

2. A use, a purpose.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > the use to which a thing is put

naita1522

function1537

employment1597

service1600

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. xii. 10 Furth scho drew the Troiane swerd, fute hait, A wappin was neuir wrocht for sic a nate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† naitadj.¹

Forms: Middle English nait (in a late copy), Middle English nayet (in a late copy); Scottish pre-1700 nait, pre-1700 nate.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic neytr (Icelandic neytur ) good, fit for use) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic neyta (see nait v.²). Compare nait n. Compare also earlier naitly adv. and unnait adj. and adv.According to Dict. Older Sc. Tongue s.v. Nait, Naitt a.², the following may show the present word in the sense of Old Icelandic neytr ‘fit for use’, unless it rather shows neat adj. (compare Scots variants s.v.):1667 Edinb. Test. LXXIII. f. 121^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) All & syndrie my haill vther vtenceillis and domiceillis als weel not naitt as nait. Compare also nait adj.² and discussion at that entry.

Obsolete.

Skilful, deft; effective.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > [adjective]

bricheeOE

behovelyc950

bihevec975

nutOE

behovingc1175

behovesomec1330

noteful1372

helpfulc1384

serviceablea1393

nait?a1425

meet?a1439

steadable1467

opportunea1475

utile?1483

of service1559

good1577

deservient1578

steadful1585

useful1596

servient1606

handy1616

utible1623

utilious1652

lucky1703

functional1808

utility1895

eufunctional1963

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 37 Hwen ȝe hauen wel idon..seis þat ȝe beon vnneite þrelles.]

?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1996) I. l. 885 Þou wend To þar wakemen, wyth wordes hend, Speke to þame fayr wordes and naite, So priuelye mengyd wyth desayt.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. vii. 47 This Iapis sage..wyth his nait handis tway Begouth for till exem, and till assay The wond.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1038 Nestor, A Noble man, naitest in werre.

c1550 Clariodus (1830) iii. 865 Meliades full nait and bissie was To beir at the command of hir maistres The woll unto hir cousigne.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† naitadj.²

Forms: 1700s nate, 1800s naate.

Origin: Of uncertain origin; perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: nait adj.¹, neat adj.

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific use of nait adj.¹ or neat adj. (compare forms at those entries). Compare also nait v.²

Irish English (Wexford). Obsolete.

Prepared, intended.

ΚΠ

1789 C. Vallancey Vocab. Lang. Forth & Bargie in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Antiquities 32 Nate, anate, prepared.

a1827 J. Poole Wexford Gloss. (1967) 86 Th' cowlee-man, fausteen, zey well' twas ee-naate.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† naitv.¹

Forms: Middle English nayte.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic neita , Old Swedish neta (Swedish neka ), Norwegian (Nynorsk) neita , neitta , Danish †nete , †nettæ , nægte to deny, refuse) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic nei (see nay adv.¹ and n.), with -t- suffix. Compare nite v.

Obsolete.

transitive. To deny; to refuse. Also (occasionally) intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > deny or contradict [verb (transitive)]

withquethec888

withsake971

falsea1225

withsay?c1225

denyc1300

again-saya1382

naitc1390

nitec1390

naya1400

nicka1400

warna1400

denytec1420

traversea1450

repugnc1456

unsayc1460

renay1512

disavow?1532

disaffirm1548

contradict1582

fault1585

belie1587

infringe1590

dementie1594

abnegate1616

negate1623

nege1624

abrenounce1656

nay-saya1774

negative1784

dement1884

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]

warnc897

willeOE

forbidc1000

warnc1000

willOE

asake1250

withsay1297

gainsayc1330

recusea1387

naitc1390

to say naya1393

again-say?a1400

denyc1400

withnayc1400

biwern1413

refuse?1435

resist1539

detrect1542

renege1545

detract1572

waive1642

declinea1691

nay-say1762

nay-saya1774

nix1903

off1908

ixnay1937

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 1013 Ne he shal nat nayte [v.rr. nay it, nay] ne denye his synne.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. met. i. 25 With how deef an ere deth, cruwel, turneth awey fro wrecches, and nayteth to closen wepynge eien.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 351 Naytyn, or denyyn, nego, abnego, denego.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 77 As it schal be ȝeuen to him that is callid.., so it schal be naytid him þat offreþ himsilf.

a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) 4978 (MED) To the kyng hym selff, is it not to nayte, This stede thou shalt geve hym.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† naitv.²

Forms: Middle English nait, Middle English naite, Middle English natte, Middle English nayt, Middle English nayte, Middle English naytte, Middle English neyte, Middle English (1800s Scottish) nate; English regional (northern) 1600s–1800s nate, 1800s nait.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < an early Scandinavian weak verb (compare Old Icelandic neyta , Norwegian (Nynorsk) nöyta , Old Swedish nöta (Swedish nöta )), cognate with Old Frisian nēta < an ablaut variant of the base of the Germanic strong verb represented by Old English nēotan to use, have the use of, enjoy, employ (cognate with Old Frisian niāta , Middle Dutch -nieten (in prefixed form genieten , ghenieten (Dutch genieten )), Old Saxon niotan (Middle Low German nēten ; also genēten ), Old High German niozan (also giniozan ; Middle High German niezen , geniezen , German genießen ), Old Icelandic njóta , Old Swedish niuta (Swedish njuta ), Norwegian (Bokmål) nyte , Norwegian (Nynorsk) nyta , Danish nyde , Gothic niutan ), probably ultimately < the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian nauda use, profit, advantage, Latvian nauda money. Compare geneat n., neat n.¹, note n.¹ Compare nait n.

In later use English regional (northern). Obsolete.

a. transitive. To make use of, use, employ; to exert (one's strength). Also reflexive: to exert oneself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)]

afforcec1300

enforcec1386

virtuea1393

endeavourc1400

naitc1400

envirtue1477

exploit1490

to put it forthc1500

constrainc1510

efforce1512

lay1535

evirtuate1642

to exert oneself1736

hump1835

spread1843

to put about1983

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)]

noteOE

take?a1160

turnc1175

usec1300

to fare witha1340

benote1340

spenda1400

usea1400

weara1400

naitc1400

occupy1423

to put (also set) in work?a1425

practise?c1430

apply1439

employ?1473

to call upon ——1477

help1489

tew1489

handle1509

exercise1526

improvea1529

serve1538

feed1540

enure1549

to make (also take) (a) use of1579

wield1601

adoperate1612

to avail oneself ofa1616

prevail1617

to make practice of1623

ploy1675

occasion1698

to call on ——1721

subserve1811

nuse1851

utilize1860

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 531 Uche fowle to þe flyȝt þat fyþerez myȝt serve, Uche fysch to þe flod þat fynne couþe nayte.

c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 185 (MED) Oþer gudez wolde scho nonne nayte, Bot with hir tuke a tryppe of gayte.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2468 (MED) Getis ȝow a name & naytis ȝour strethe [read: strenthe].

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2968 He..naytis him to ryse, Buskis him vp at a braide.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 10940 Telamon..Gird hym full graidly with a gay sworde, Bad hym nait hit nemly.

1677 W. Nicolson Gloss. Cumbrian Dial. in Trans. Royal Soc. Lit. (1870) 9 316 Nate, to use.

1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 48 Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin, To nate your awn.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Nate, to use, to make use of.

b. transitive. To want, need, desire.

ΚΠ

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 8 Aueo, to neyten.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 260 (MED) Loke that we haue that we shuld nate, ffor to hald this shrew strate.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6031 All necessaries for þe night þat þai naite shuld.

2. transitive. To repeat, recite. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > repetition > repeat [verb (transitive)]

doublec1380

naitc1400

reportc1405

repeat1427

renewa1464

iterate1533

resume1535

to run over ——1538

redouble1580

to go over ——1583

re-say1583

reclaim1590

ingeminate1594

reword1604

reassume1631

reutter1632

oversay1639

to fetch over1642

reassert1647

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 65 (MED) Loude crye watz þer kest of clerkez & oþer, Nowel nayted o-newe, neuened ful ofte.

a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 119 (MED) Ser Erkenwolde..welneghe al þe nyȝt hade nattyd his houres.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.a1400

adj.¹?a1425

adj.²1789

v.¹c1390

v.²c1400

单词	nait
释义	† naitn. Forms: Middle English nait, Middle English naite; Scottish pre-1700 nait, pre-1700 nate. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic neyti , Norwegian nytte , Old Swedish -nöte use, advantage) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic neytr good, fit for use (see nait adj.¹). Compare nait v.² Obsolete. rare. 1. Profit, advantage; usefulness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > advantage, profit, or use nuteOE gainc1175 naita1400 oeps1425 fardel1523 accrue1598 account1611 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 22883 (MED) Agh we þer-on to seke resun Hu he dos alkin thing to nait [a1400 Fairf. naite; a1400 Trin. Cambr. note]? a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24746 (MED) Þof mans wijt be neuer sa strait, Sco mai well bring it vnto nait [a1400 Fairf. in-to naite]. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 61 I defend that we fall in any fechtine; I had mekill mair nait, sum freindschip to find. 2. A use, a purpose. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > the use to which a thing is put naita1522 function1537 employment1597 service1600 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. xii. 10 Furth scho drew the Troiane swerd, fute hait, A wappin was neuir wrocht for sic a nate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † naitadj.¹ Forms: Middle English nait (in a late copy), Middle English nayet (in a late copy); Scottish pre-1700 nait, pre-1700 nate. Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic neytr (Icelandic neytur ) good, fit for use) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic neyta (see nait v.²). Compare nait n. Compare also earlier naitly adv. and unnait adj. and adv.According to Dict. Older Sc. Tongue s.v. Nait, Naitt a.², the following may show the present word in the sense of Old Icelandic neytr ‘fit for use’, unless it rather shows neat adj. (compare Scots variants s.v.):1667 Edinb. Test. LXXIII. f. 121^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) All & syndrie my haill vther vtenceillis and domiceillis als weel not naitt as nait. Compare also nait adj.² and discussion at that entry. Obsolete. Skilful, deft; effective. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > [adjective] bricheeOE behovelyc950 bihevec975 nutOE behovingc1175 behovesomec1330 noteful1372 helpfulc1384 serviceablea1393 nait?a1425 meet?a1439 steadable1467 opportunea1475 utile?1483 of service1559 good1577 deservient1578 steadful1585 useful1596 servient1606 handy1616 utible1623 utilious1652 lucky1703 functional1808 utility1895 eufunctional1963 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 37 Hwen ȝe hauen wel idon..seis þat ȝe beon vnneite þrelles.] ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1996) I. l. 885 Þou wend To þar wakemen, wyth wordes hend, Speke to þame fayr wordes and naite, So priuelye mengyd wyth desayt. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. vii. 47 This Iapis sage..wyth his nait handis tway Begouth for till exem, and till assay The wond. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1038 Nestor, A Noble man, naitest in werre. c1550 Clariodus (1830) iii. 865 Meliades full nait and bissie was To beir at the command of hir maistres The woll unto hir cousigne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † naitadj.² Forms: 1700s nate, 1800s naate. Origin: Of uncertain origin; perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: nait adj.¹, neat adj. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific use of nait adj.¹ or neat adj. (compare forms at those entries). Compare also nait v.² Irish English (Wexford). Obsolete. Prepared, intended. ΚΠ 1789 C. Vallancey Vocab. Lang. Forth & Bargie in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 1788 2 Antiquities 32 Nate, anate, prepared. a1827 J. Poole Wexford Gloss. (1967) 86 Th' cowlee-man, fausteen, zey well' twas ee-naate. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † naitv.¹ Forms: Middle English nayte. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic neita , Old Swedish neta (Swedish neka ), Norwegian (Nynorsk) neita , neitta , Danish †nete , †nettæ , nægte to deny, refuse) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic nei (see nay adv.¹ and n.), with -t- suffix. Compare nite v. Obsolete. transitive. To deny; to refuse. Also (occasionally) intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > deny or contradict [verb (transitive)] withquethec888 withsake971 falsea1225 withsay?c1225 denyc1300 again-saya1382 naitc1390 nitec1390 naya1400 nicka1400 warna1400 denytec1420 traversea1450 repugnc1456 unsayc1460 renay1512 disavow?1532 disaffirm1548 contradict1582 fault1585 belie1587 infringe1590 dementie1594 abnegate1616 negate1623 nege1624 abrenounce1656 nay-saya1774 negative1784 dement1884 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] warnc897 willeOE forbidc1000 warnc1000 willOE asake1250 withsay1297 gainsayc1330 recusea1387 naitc1390 to say naya1393 again-say?a1400 denyc1400 withnayc1400 biwern1413 refuse?1435 resist1539 detrect1542 renege1545 detract1572 waive1642 declinea1691 nay-say1762 nay-saya1774 nix1903 off1908 ixnay1937 c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 1013 Ne he shal nat nayte [v.rr. nay it, nay] ne denye his synne. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. met. i. 25 With how deef an ere deth, cruwel, turneth awey fro wrecches, and nayteth to closen wepynge eien. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 351 Naytyn, or denyyn, nego, abnego, denego. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 77 As it schal be ȝeuen to him that is callid.., so it schal be naytid him þat offreþ himsilf. a1500 (a1400) Ipomedon (Chetham) (1889) 4978 (MED) To the kyng hym selff, is it not to nayte, This stede thou shalt geve hym. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † naitv.² Forms: Middle English nait, Middle English naite, Middle English natte, Middle English nayt, Middle English nayte, Middle English naytte, Middle English neyte, Middle English (1800s Scottish) nate; English regional (northern) 1600s–1800s nate, 1800s nait. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < an early Scandinavian weak verb (compare Old Icelandic neyta , Norwegian (Nynorsk) nöyta , Old Swedish nöta (Swedish nöta )), cognate with Old Frisian nēta < an ablaut variant of the base of the Germanic strong verb represented by Old English nēotan to use, have the use of, enjoy, employ (cognate with Old Frisian niāta , Middle Dutch -nieten (in prefixed form genieten , ghenieten (Dutch genieten )), Old Saxon niotan (Middle Low German nēten ; also genēten ), Old High German niozan (also giniozan ; Middle High German niezen , geniezen , German genießen ), Old Icelandic njóta , Old Swedish niuta (Swedish njuta ), Norwegian (Bokmål) nyte , Norwegian (Nynorsk) nyta , Danish nyde , Gothic niutan ), probably ultimately < the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian nauda use, profit, advantage, Latvian nauda money. Compare geneat n., neat n.¹, note n.¹ Compare nait n. In later use English regional (northern). Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To make use of, use, employ; to exert (one's strength). Also reflexive: to exert oneself. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)] afforcec1300 enforcec1386 virtuea1393 endeavourc1400 naitc1400 envirtue1477 exploit1490 to put it forthc1500 constrainc1510 efforce1512 lay1535 evirtuate1642 to exert oneself1736 hump1835 spread1843 to put about1983 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] noteOE take?a1160 turnc1175 usec1300 to fare witha1340 benote1340 spenda1400 usea1400 weara1400 naitc1400 occupy1423 to put (also set) in work?a1425 practise?c1430 apply1439 employ?1473 to call upon ——1477 help1489 tew1489 handle1509 exercise1526 improvea1529 serve1538 feed1540 enure1549 to make (also take) (a) use of1579 wield1601 adoperate1612 to avail oneself ofa1616 to avail oneself ofa1616 prevail1617 to make practice of1623 ploy1675 occasion1698 to call on ——1721 subserve1811 nuse1851 utilize1860 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 531 Uche fowle to þe flyȝt þat fyþerez myȝt serve, Uche fysch to þe flod þat fynne couþe nayte. c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 185 (MED) Oþer gudez wolde scho nonne nayte, Bot with hir tuke a tryppe of gayte. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2468 (MED) Getis ȝow a name & naytis ȝour strethe [read: strenthe]. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2968 He..naytis him to ryse, Buskis him vp at a braide. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 10940 Telamon..Gird hym full graidly with a gay sworde, Bad hym nait hit nemly. 1677 W. Nicolson Gloss. Cumbrian Dial. in Trans. Royal Soc. Lit. (1870) 9 316 Nate, to use. 1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 48 Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin, To nate your awn. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Nate, to use, to make use of. b. transitive. To want, need, desire. ΚΠ a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 8 Aueo, to neyten. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 260 (MED) Loke that we haue that we shuld nate, ffor to hald this shrew strate. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 6031 All necessaries for þe night þat þai naite shuld. 2. transitive. To repeat, recite. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > repetition > repeat [verb (transitive)] doublec1380 naitc1400 reportc1405 repeat1427 renewa1464 iterate1533 resume1535 to run over ——1538 redouble1580 to go over ——1583 re-say1583 reclaim1590 ingeminate1594 reword1604 reassume1631 reutter1632 oversay1639 to fetch over1642 reassert1647 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 65 (MED) Loude crye watz þer kest of clerkez & oþer, Nowel nayted o-newe, neuened ful ofte. a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 119 (MED) Ser Erkenwolde..welneghe al þe nyȝt hade nattyd his houres. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1400adj.¹?a1425adj.²1789v.¹c1390v.²c1400
随便看	errand-making errand-porter errandbearer errandbearing errandboy errandbringer errandcart errandeer errander errandgirl errandgoer errandmaking errandporter errandry errands errant errant arrant thief errant jew errant thief erranter errantest errantic errantical errantly errantness

† naitn.

† naitadj.1

† naitadj.2

† naitv.1

† naitv.2

† naitadj.¹

† naitadj.²

† naitv.¹

† naitv.²