naiveadj.

Brit.

/nʌɪˈiːv/,

/nɑːˈiːv/, U.S.

/nɑˈiv/

Forms: 1600s– naive, 1600s– naïve.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French naïve, naïf.

Etymology: < Middle French, French naïve, feminine of naïf naïf adj. N.E.D. (1906) notes that: ‘the word being imperfectly naturalized, the pronunciation is somewhat unsettled: the chief variations given in the leading dictionaries are /nɑːˈiːv/, /ˈnɑːiːv/, and /neɪˈiːv/’. All editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. s.v. naïve mark stress on the second syllable, until 1947 giving alternative pronunciations with stress on the first. Editions until 1982 give the form naive as a separate headword, with the monosyllabic pronunciation /neɪv/.

1. Originally: natural and unaffected; artless; innocent. Later also: showing a lack of experience, judgement, or wisdom; credulous, gullible. Cf. naïf adj. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > artless, guileless, or innocent

simple?c1225

innocenta1382

simple-hearted?c1425

unsubtlea1500

indolec1550

naïfc1598

sacklessa1600

plain-hearted1601

unnooked1602

unguileful1604

onefold1606

naivea1614

innocentious1624

innocential1628

excuseless1640

uncrafty1647

craftless1650

ingenuousa1662

innocentive1661

unartful1703

artless1714

ingénue1848

blue-eyed1903

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 75 [He] was nocht rustic nor auster, bot sweit and affable..with a modest and naive gravitie.

1654 D. Osborne Lett. (1903) 234 Though he makes his people say fine handsome things to one another, yet they are not easy and naïve like the French.

1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode iii. i. 36 Naive! as how? Phil. Speaking of a thing that was naturally said; it was so naive.

1762 R. Lloyd Poet. Wks. (1774) II. 11 And naïve both (allow the phrase Which no one English word conveys).

1797 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1846) VI. 150 She related..her arguments to dissuade him, and his naïve manner of combating them.

1817 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) I. 117 Her manner is..delightful, she is very naïve.

1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. vii. 107 Miss Brooke was certainly very naïve, with all her alleged cleverness.

1885 E. Clodd Myths & Dreams i. iii. 39 As belief in causality spread, men were not content to rest in the naïve explanations of an uncritical age.

1915 W. Cather Song of Lark ii. viii. 220 She had the sense of going back to a friendly soil,..a naïve, generous country that gave one its joyous force.

1951 E. Templeton Island of Desire (1985) ii. ii. 160 She had been naïve enough to believe that the island of Cythera existed.

1991 M. E. Wertsch Military Brats ix. 288 It would be naive to suppose that children grow up unaffected by their parents' social status.

2. Art.

a. Of art, a painting, etc.: produced in a bold, straightforward style that avoids sophisticated techniques. Also: produced by a person without formal training. Cf. naïf adj. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > primitive

naive1871

primitivistic1898

primitivist1914

primitive1930

Rousseauesque1934

naïf1947

1871 Appletons' Jrnl. 1 Apr. 378 The paintings which cover the walls, both in choice and execution, betray truly naïve art conceptions.

1922 C. Laurin Scand. Arts 366 There finally remained in his style nothing of the old art except its genuine and naive, simple and primitive spirit.

1957 Observer 3 Nov. 14/4 Naive or primitive painting is a discovery of the twentieth century.

1976 Business Week 9 Feb. 92/1 Naive, or primitive, art of the 19th Century makes up another lively section of the market.

1989 Art Line Apr. 10/4 The most notable aspect of all the drawings..was the diverse range of styles, ie, impressionist, medieval, constructivist, abstract, realist, naive.

b. Of an artist: not trained in a formal manner; eschewing sophisticated techniques. Cf. naïf adj. 1b.

ΚΠ

1951 Amer. Q. 3 287 The naïve painters, with their primitive virtues of honesty, decorative instinct, and purity of style.

1961 Spectator 28 July 149 A very intense, fat little book on naïve painters, with Henri Rousseau as the grand point of departure.

1970 Time 9 Feb. 54 The United States possesses the oldest, the most original, and just about the most authentic naive painters.

2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 29 Oct. (Arts section) 9 His journey took him..to Allihies, to photograph the work of the naive painter Michael Sheehan.

3. Science. Of a person or animal: not having previously had a particular experience or been the subject of a particular experiment; lacking knowledge of the purpose of an experiment; unconditioned. Of a test or experiment: using such subjects. Also with to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [adjective] > conditions of material

submicroscopical1879

naive1906

compatible1926

ultrathin1949

untypable1950

histocompatible1956

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [adjective] > not conditioned

naive1906

unconditioned reflex1906

1906 Science 20 Apr. 623 The comparison of series of naïve and practise tests of the accuracy of the standing, walking and sitting reflexes affords the following suggestions.

1940 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 53 46 (heading) Configurational properties considered ‘good’ by naïve subjects.

1958 Language 34 372 These elements were systematically varied and tested with phonetically naive listeners.

1969 Sci. Jrnl. Sept. 42/1 When research subjects are volunteers who are naive to marihuana, an effective placebo is no problem.

1995 Amer. Scientist July 349/1 When we released naive ravens (which had been held in captivity for at least several weeks).., they immediately joined the strangers.

Compounds

naive realism n. [compare slightly earlier naïf realism n. at naïf adj. and n.² Compounds] Philosophy the belief, usually attributed to non-philosophers, that a perceived object is not only real but has in reality all its perceived attributes.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > cognition > naive realism

naïf realism1882

naive realism1895

1895 F. Thilly tr. F. Paulsen Introd. Philos. ii. i. 344 We start out from the popular conception whose standpoint is naïve Realism [Ger. ein naiver Realismus].

1932 H. H. Price Perception ii. 27 It is commonly held that the Argument from Illusion (as it is called) is sufficient to refute Naïve Realism.

1994 Jrnl. Philos. 17 469 Have not the arguments rehearsed by epistemologists..effectively blocked the possibility of any revival of what I was taught in college to call ‘naive realism’?

naive realist n. Philosophy a person holding this belief, or to whom this belief is attributed.

ΚΠ

1932 H. H. Price Perception ii. 26 We ask a Naïve Realist what sort of thing it is whose existence he knows of.

1995 Philos. Q. 45 74 Searle's naive realist is as comfortable with the notion of visual experience as..another generation of naive realists and plain men were with ‘sense data’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	naive
释义	naiveadj. Brit. /nʌɪˈiːv/, /nɑːˈiːv/, U.S. /nɑˈiv/ Forms: 1600s– naive, 1600s– naïve. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French naïve, naïf. Etymology: < Middle French, French naïve, feminine of naïf naïf adj. N.E.D. (1906) notes that: ‘the word being imperfectly naturalized, the pronunciation is somewhat unsettled: the chief variations given in the leading dictionaries are /nɑːˈiːv/, /ˈnɑːiːv/, and /neɪˈiːv/’. All editions of D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. s.v. naïve mark stress on the second syllable, until 1947 giving alternative pronunciations with stress on the first. Editions until 1982 give the form naive as a separate headword, with the monosyllabic pronunciation /neɪv/. 1. Originally: natural and unaffected; artless; innocent. Later also: showing a lack of experience, judgement, or wisdom; credulous, gullible. Cf. naïf adj. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > artless, guileless, or innocent simple?c1225 innocenta1382 simple-hearted?c1425 unsubtlea1500 indolec1550 naïfc1598 sacklessa1600 plain-hearted1601 unnooked1602 unguileful1604 onefold1606 naivea1614 innocentious1624 innocential1628 excuseless1640 uncrafty1647 craftless1650 ingenuousa1662 innocentive1661 unartful1703 artless1714 ingénue1848 blue-eyed1903 a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 75 [He] was nocht rustic nor auster, bot sweit and affable..with a modest and naive gravitie. 1654 D. Osborne Lett. (1903) 234 Though he makes his people say fine handsome things to one another, yet they are not easy and naïve like the French. 1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode iii. i. 36 Naive! as how? Phil. Speaking of a thing that was naturally said; it was so naive. 1762 R. Lloyd Poet. Wks. (1774) II. 11 And naïve both (allow the phrase Which no one English word conveys). 1797 F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1846) VI. 150 She related..her arguments to dissuade him, and his naïve manner of combating them. 1817 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) I. 117 Her manner is..delightful, she is very naïve. 1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. vii. 107 Miss Brooke was certainly very naïve, with all her alleged cleverness. 1885 E. Clodd Myths & Dreams i. iii. 39 As belief in causality spread, men were not content to rest in the naïve explanations of an uncritical age. 1915 W. Cather Song of Lark ii. viii. 220 She had the sense of going back to a friendly soil,..a naïve, generous country that gave one its joyous force. 1951 E. Templeton Island of Desire (1985) ii. ii. 160 She had been naïve enough to believe that the island of Cythera existed. 1991 M. E. Wertsch Military Brats ix. 288 It would be naive to suppose that children grow up unaffected by their parents' social status. 2. Art. a. Of art, a painting, etc.: produced in a bold, straightforward style that avoids sophisticated techniques. Also: produced by a person without formal training. Cf. naïf adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > primitive naive1871 primitivistic1898 primitivist1914 primitive1930 Rousseauesque1934 naïf1947 1871 Appletons' Jrnl. 1 Apr. 378 The paintings which cover the walls, both in choice and execution, betray truly naïve art conceptions. 1922 C. Laurin Scand. Arts 366 There finally remained in his style nothing of the old art except its genuine and naive, simple and primitive spirit. 1957 Observer 3 Nov. 14/4 Naive or primitive painting is a discovery of the twentieth century. 1976 Business Week 9 Feb. 92/1 Naive, or primitive, art of the 19th Century makes up another lively section of the market. 1989 Art Line Apr. 10/4 The most notable aspect of all the drawings..was the diverse range of styles, ie, impressionist, medieval, constructivist, abstract, realist, naive. b. Of an artist: not trained in a formal manner; eschewing sophisticated techniques. Cf. naïf adj. 1b. ΚΠ 1951 Amer. Q. 3 287 The naïve painters, with their primitive virtues of honesty, decorative instinct, and purity of style. 1961 Spectator 28 July 149 A very intense, fat little book on naïve painters, with Henri Rousseau as the grand point of departure. 1970 Time 9 Feb. 54 The United States possesses the oldest, the most original, and just about the most authentic naive painters. 2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 29 Oct. (Arts section) 9 His journey took him..to Allihies, to photograph the work of the naive painter Michael Sheehan. 3. Science. Of a person or animal: not having previously had a particular experience or been the subject of a particular experiment; lacking knowledge of the purpose of an experiment; unconditioned. Of a test or experiment: using such subjects. Also with to. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [adjective] > conditions of material submicroscopical1879 naive1906 compatible1926 ultrathin1949 untypable1950 histocompatible1956 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > conditioning > [adjective] > not conditioned naive1906 unconditioned reflex1906 1906 Science 20 Apr. 623 The comparison of series of naïve and practise tests of the accuracy of the standing, walking and sitting reflexes affords the following suggestions. 1940 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 53 46 (heading) Configurational properties considered ‘good’ by naïve subjects. 1958 Language 34 372 These elements were systematically varied and tested with phonetically naive listeners. 1969 Sci. Jrnl. Sept. 42/1 When research subjects are volunteers who are naive to marihuana, an effective placebo is no problem. 1995 Amer. Scientist July 349/1 When we released naive ravens (which had been held in captivity for at least several weeks).., they immediately joined the strangers. Compounds naive realism n. [compare slightly earlier naïf realism n. at naïf adj. and n.² Compounds] Philosophy the belief, usually attributed to non-philosophers, that a perceived object is not only real but has in reality all its perceived attributes. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > epistemology > [noun] > cognition > naive realism naïf realism1882 naive realism1895 1895 F. Thilly tr. F. Paulsen Introd. Philos. ii. i. 344 We start out from the popular conception whose standpoint is naïve Realism [Ger. ein naiver Realismus]. 1932 H. H. Price Perception ii. 27 It is commonly held that the Argument from Illusion (as it is called) is sufficient to refute Naïve Realism. 1994 Jrnl. Philos. 17 469 Have not the arguments rehearsed by epistemologists..effectively blocked the possibility of any revival of what I was taught in college to call ‘naive realism’? naive realist n. Philosophy a person holding this belief, or to whom this belief is attributed. ΚΠ 1932 H. H. Price Perception ii. 26 We ask a Naïve Realist what sort of thing it is whose existence he knows of. 1995 Philos. Q. 45 74 Searle's naive realist is as comfortable with the notion of visual experience as..another generation of naive realists and plain men were with ‘sense data’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1614
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