moyenn.¹

Brit.

/ˈmɔɪən/, U.S.

/mɔɪˈ(j)ɛn/, Scottish English

/ˈmɔɪ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English moene, late Middle English moine, late Middle English moyan, late Middle English 1600s moien, late Middle English 1600s moyen, late Middle English–1500s moyne; Scottish pre-1700 miene, pre-1700 moene, pre-1700 moȝen, pre-1700 moien, pre-1700 moiene, pre-1700 moin, pre-1700 moine, pre-1700 moyand, pre-1700 moyane, pre-1700 moyann, pre-1700 moyanne, pre-1700 moyant, pre-1700 moyene, pre-1700 moyȝeoun, pre-1700 moyin, pre-1700 moyine, pre-1700 moying, pre-1700 moyion, pre-1700 moyn, pre-1700 moyne, pre-1700 moyon, pre-1700 moyone, pre-1700 moyoun, pre-1700 moyoune, pre-1700 myan, pre-1700 myane, pre-1700 myoun, pre-1700 1700s moyance (plural), pre-1700 1700s moyence (plural), pre-1700 1700s moyennis (plural), pre-1700 1700s– moen, pre-1700 1700s– moyan, pre-1700 1700s– moyean, pre-1700 1700s– moyen. See also myance n.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moyen.

Etymology: < Middle French moyen (see mean n.³). Compare myance n.On use of the plural form with singular agreement and meaning (sense 1b), see note at mean n.³

Now Scottish.

I. An intermediary instrument or agent (cf. mean n.³ I.).

†1. Obsolete.

a. Instrumentality. Chiefly in by (also through) (the) moyen of: (a) by the instrumentality of (a person or thing); (b) in consequence of, by reason of, owing to. by this (also that) moyen: by means of this, in this way, thus. Cf. mean n.³ Phrases 1. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1439 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 54/2 Be the miene of the said princes hir procuracione or seruantis.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 252 The witnes.., be the moyen of the quhilkis jlkane..thinkis to prove his entencioun.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 108 Be quhat moyane sall I red me of this mischeif.

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 198 By my moyen muche innocent blood hath beene spilt.

1703 D. Williamson Serm. before Gen. Assembly Edinb. 58 Connived at by the Moyen of the..Noble Lord.

b. In plural with singular agreement and meaning. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun]

ministration1495

moyena1578

ministry1581

agency1625

instrumentalness1632

instrumentality1646

instrumency1652

canal1722

instrumentation1841

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 284 Convenit ane consall be his moyance of the maist pairt of the nobilitie at Edinburgh.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 331 Quhither the castell was so strong or the gouneris corrupit be the Earle of Angus moyans, I can nocht tell.

1659 in M. V. Hay Blairs Papers (1929) 88 And this all by the moyens of the prayor of Charterous.

†2.

a. A means, an agency. Cf. mean n.³ 3. Obsolete. to make moyen (also moyens): to take steps, use efforts. to find (the) moyen (also moyens): to find a way, contrive. Cf. mean n.³ 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > act or do [verb (intransitive)] > take action or act towards a result

to make moyen (also moyens)1449

not to lift a finger1529

to take action?1551

solicitate1572

to make a step or stepsa1628

to take a step or stepsa1628

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > find means to do something [verb (intransitive)]

to make one's waya1400

to find (the) moyen (also moyens)1449

to find the means (also mean)1461

to find means?1464

to see one's way1628

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means

keyOE

toolc1000

wherewithc1230

ministerc1380

meanc1390

instrumenta1425

organ?a1425

mesne1447

moyen1449

handlec1450

hackneya1500

receipta1500

operative1526

ingine1531

appliance1555

agent1579

matter1580

mids1581

wedge1581

wherewithal1583

shoeing-horn1587

engine1589

instrumental1598

Roaring Meg1598

procurement1601

organy1605

vehicle1615

vehiculuma1617

executioner1646

facility1652

operatory1660

instrumentality1663

expedient1665

agency1684

bladea1713

mechanic1924

mechanism1924

1449 Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Earl of Verulam (1906) 3 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2973) LX. 571 And if hit soo be that the said article may not be accepted then by alle goodly moines to putte the mature in suspense to the next assemblee.

1481 (a1470) J. Tiptoft tr. Cicero De Amicicia (Caxton) sig. b1^v That the said feblenesse sholde be the moyen to attayne to that whiche they desyre in frendship.

1502 in Lett. Richard III & Henry VII (Rolls) II. 112 We have made suche secrete moynes as we can to knowe howe the exchaunge of the said. l. M. crownes myght be made.

?1572 R. Sempill Premonitioun Barnis of Leith (single sheet) The moyane for till find: How that yai micht eschew ye quene.

1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise i. f. 20 Thir sort of men not onlie be sic moyens drauis sindrie to thair faction, but also [etc.].

1634 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. 10 269 I sall not faill to seik all possible moyanes to fauorize your most just and worthie petitioun.

1670 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1957) V. 18 Yow are to use all moyen and meines..to get diminissione of our proportione of the said ten merkes valuatione.

a1692 ( in J. Stevenson Lett. & Papers Illustr. Wars Eng. in France (1864) II. 444 Youre partie adverse and the saide duc might not godely have founden the moyens and the weyes [c1503 Arnold's Chron. founde meanes nor weies] to have communed to geder.

b. Means, resources. Also occasionally in plural. Cf. mean n.³ 6. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun]

coffer1377

pursec1384

possibilityc1385

moneyc1390

financec1475

abilityc1503

purse stringc1530

moyen1547

means1560

financy1600

pocket1633

fonds1669

wherewith1674

apoinctee1682

funds1700

ways and means1738

money stock1743

pecuniary1748

pecuniar1793

wherewithal1809

ante1843

pocketbook1897

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > resources

facultya1382

myance?a1513

moyen1547

facility1555

means1560

resource1611

foisona1616

wherewith1674

asset1677

stock-in-tradea1806

wherewithal1809

possibles1823

bag of tricks1841

potential1941

1547–8 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 213 We have all reddy sic moyance bayth off force off men off wyr strangerreris and mony with all wthyris munitiones necessaires.

1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 316 Personis..that hes the moyen to leif on thair awin.

a1592 P. Adamson Recantation (1598) sig. Bj^v I..beseekis zou to make intercessionne..to the King, that I may haif sum moyance to liue.

1593 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 84 To have sufficient rent of thair awin, or some honest moyen, industrie, craft or occupatioun, to leive on.

a1609 A. Hume Poems (1902) 181 Thei who have best moyen to remane, perhappis werie first.

1617 J. Chamberlain in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) II. 7 The greatest part of the prime Scots..make no great haste homeward, which perhaps may be for want of moyens, as they call it, to carry them along.

1693 Irvine Deeds (MS) in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (1973) IV. 403/1 Upon the propper charges moyen and expences of the sd John Gray.

3. Mediation, intercession; the exercise of influence to bring about something, instigation; influence used on behalf of another, interest. Also occasionally in plural. Cf. mean n.³ 5. †moyen of (also at) court: influence at court (obsolete). to make (also lay) moyen (also moyens): to intercede, make overtures, negotiate (with).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > [noun]

erndinga1000

mediationa1387

advocacyc1390

mediacya1425

meanc1450

moyen1454

interposition1462

mean1465

myance?a1513

advocation1532

intercession1534

advocateship?1555

intercessionment1593

interceding1600

intermise1612

means-making1617

intermission1647

interposal1687

spoke1867

1454 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 105 And that ye lyke seke a moyen of such frendys as ye can best avyse and may verrayly trust vppon to gyde thys mater.

1469 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 402 And ye, iff it the rathere by yowre wysdam and polesye the moene above wryten may be hadd, schall be as sewre of the servyce of my trewe brothere..as ye kan devyse.

a1500 (a1470) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 160 The socour and trust of oure moene that she putteth in us.

1568 G. Buchanan Indictm. Mary Queen of Scots (1923) 34 That nane bot he had aythar credyt or moyen to do ony thing at hir handis.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 165 Thinkand na thing better nor they wald mak thair moyenis witht him.

1581 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 42 Thair be moyanne of court, sinister and wrang informatioun, hes purchest ane gift and preuilege of our said Souerane Lord.

a1600 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Rec. Coinage Scotl. (1876) I. 98 Ane Inglischmane..vpon fair promisis be moyen of cowrte was appointed maister Coinyeour.

?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 380 With Monsier then he moyen maid.

a1617 Sir J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 347 The Master of Gray had made moyen for Mr. Archibald.

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1678) 243 By moyen he [sc. Bothwell] got presence of the King in the garden.

a1676 H. Guthry Mem. (1702) 14 King Charles..preferr'd Men by Moyen at Court.

1701 Council Reg. Edinb. (Burgh Record Soc.) 194 Gratis burgesses who oft times doe make moyen with one or other of the councill to get a gratis burges ticket.

1717 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 221 I hear he has been at London making moyen and friends to be made Principal of the Old Town College.

a1737 J. Fraser in A. Fergusson Major Fraser's MS (1889) I. 103 Lord Tullibarden..made my Lord Lovat believe..that he would by his moyans with the King procure him a regiment.

1777 J. Love in Mem. (1857) I. 330 Little improving of the moyen which I have through Christ in heaven.

1818 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (ed. 2) 17 When Charlie Stewart, the vile Pretender, Made moyen to be our Faith's Defender.

1873 P. Buchan Guidman o' Inglismill in Legends of North 30 I mith hae moyens laid to win wi' you.

1929 J. Alexander Mains & Hilly 65 Gey hantles o' the best men are fee't aforehan' by moyen or throu' a register.

†4. A mediator, an intermediary. Cf. mean n.³ 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > intermediate agency > intermediate means > person as

dealerc1000

meanc1384

mediatorc1390

moyen1455

intermediator1522

broker1530

middlera1533

intercessor1554

mercury1602

intermedial1605

transactor1611

interdealer1613

intermeddler1630

intercommuner1638

middleman1648

second hand1655

inter-agent1728

intermediary1791

in-between1815

medium1817

intermediate1879

come-between1919

tolkach1955

1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 286/1 Request made unto you..to be moyen unto the Kynges Highnesse to ordeyne and name a persone.

1458 Earl of Salisbury in Paston Lett. (1872) I. 421 To bee my good and tendre moyen..unto the Kinges goode grace, for th' excuse of my nown comyng.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 279^v/1 Thenne late us praye unto this hooly Saynt Saynt Iohan baptist to be a moyen bytwene god and us.

1570 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1931) I. 96 I wraitt to yow..be tua sindry moyans of the Lady Northumberlandis and laitle be ane servand of the lard of Craigmillaris.

1626 in D. Laing Corr. First Earl of Ancram & Third Earl of Lothian (1875) I. 42 This grite and inexpected alteratione in our sessione quho ar cheif moyeneis therof.

†II. That which is in the middle (cf. mean n.³ II.).

a. Something interposed or intervening; = mean n.³ 8. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > [noun] > that which is interjacent

meana1400

moyen1483

umpire1605

intermedium1611

intermediate1650

middle1665

between-lier1674

borderland1821

border-ground1871

border-world1878

grey zone1900

twilight zone1909

grey area1935

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 24^v/1 Syth the pryncypal angellis ben nyghe to god, and ben without moyen enlumyned of god.

b. A middle condition or quality. Cf. mean n.³ 7a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > condition of being mean or average > [noun] > mean

middlingOE

middlelOE

meanc1450

neutralityc1475

moyen1484

temper?1523

mediety1573

medium1593

temperature1598

temperament1604

intermedial1605

median1635

intermediate1650

average1737

middle term1754

mesne1821

intermediacy1836

intermediary1865

1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vii. 108 Yf there were noo vertue bytwene the ouer grete and ouer lytyl there shold be no moyen.

a1586 Lindsay MS f. 73, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) The hatt of irne..is the moyene betuen the thingis hie and law.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† moyenn.³

Forms: pre-1700 mayan, pre-1700 moyan, pre-1700 moyane, pre-1700 moyant, pre-1700 moyenne, pre-1700 myan, pre-1700 myand, pre-1700 myane, pre-1700 myon, pre-1700 myone, pre-1700 myoun, pre-1700 1800s moyen, 1800s moienne (historical).

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a borrowing from French. Perhaps partly formed within English, by conversion. Or perhaps partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: French moyenne ; moyen adj.; culverin-moyen at culverin n. b.

Etymology: Probably < Middle French moyenne (although first attested only 1549–56 in this specific sense), use as noun of moyenne , feminine of moyen moyen adj.; perhaps partly independently < moyen adj. (compare sense 4 at that entry), or short for culverin-moyen at culverin n. b (although both are first attested slightly later).

Scottish. Obsolete.

A kind of cannon of intermediate size. See also culverin-moyen at culverin n. b, moyen adj. 4.

ΚΠ

1509 in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) II. 279 (note) Three hundred small artillery, under the names of myand, culverins, and double-dogs.

1544 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 336 The bullattis of the cannoun and myoun.

1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 25 That thair be ane moyen and ane falconer convoyit towart Dunbartane.

1577 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 655 Twa myonis.

1617 in J. Imrie & J. G. Dunbar Accts. Masters of Wks. (1982) II. 71 For 4 brasen ladellis to sakeris and moyens, v. lib.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 194/2 Moyens, which carried a ball of 10 or 12 ounces.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Moienne, Fr. A piece of ordnance, which is now called a four pounder, and which is ten feet long, was formerly so called.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† moyenadj.n.²

Forms: late Middle English moyen, 1500s moyene; Scottish pre-1700 maȝon, pre-1700 mayan, pre-1700 mayone, pre-1700 moiyane, pre-1700 moyaine, pre-1700 moyane, pre-1700 myan, pre-1700 myance (plural), pre-1700 myane, pre-1700 myen, pre-1700 myine.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moyen.

Etymology: < Middle French moyen middle (see mean adj.²).

Obsolete.

A. adj.

1. Intermediary; serving as a means or instrument; = mean adj.² 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adjective] > acting as intermediate agent

meana1382

mediatec1449

moyen1470

mediatory1578

intermedial1649

intervenient1651

mediative1813

intermediary1818

1470 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 116 Our Traitours..which daily labour þe weyes moyens at þeir power of our final destruccion.

2. Middle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [adjective] > situated in the centre or middle

mideOE

middleeOE

mean1340

midwarda1400

moyen1481

centrica1593

midway1608

centricala1631

umbilical1742

middling1747

median1771

focal1825

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > middle > [adjective]

middleeOE

midmosteOE

mid1273

mean1340

middlemosta1400

mediate?1440

moyen1481

median1592

intermedial1599

intermediate1648

mede1706

intermediary1788

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. iii. 68 Thise two flodes [sc. Tigris and Euphrates] trauerse many grete contrees so longe tyl they mete in the see moyen.

1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Bv Aswell of tyme past, moyene as present.

3. Of middle rank.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > middle-class or bourgeois

moyen1481

middling1631

bourgeois1761

small bourgeois1832

lower middle class1835

middle class1836

bourgeoisistic1848

petty bourgeois1864

upper middle class1872

petit bourgeois1887

lace curtain1928

haut bourgeois1940

bourgie1968

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xxvi. 59 Here ye maye here how so moche peple was loste by the folye of the moyen peple.

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. dviij^v/1 And in thys bataylle was slayn..many other of the moyen people.

4. Scottish. Of middle size. Only as postmodifier with culverin (cf. moyen n.³).

ΚΠ

1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 510 For xxvj chargeouris to the culvering moyaine.

1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 517 Item, the first culvering moiyane, drawin with viij oxin.

1515 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 27 Chargit with twa culvering myance.

1558 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 438 For Lumbart paper to draw the patronis of ane double culvering battart and moyane.

B. n.²

A person of intermediate rank. rare.

ΚΠ

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 308/1 Alle spirites ben sent for us. The superyors ben sente to the moyens, the moyens [printed moyest] ben sente to the lowest.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

moyenv.

Brit.

/ˈmɔɪən/, U.S.

/mɔɪˈ(j)ɛn/, Scottish English

/ˈmɔɪ(ə)n/

Forms: pre-1700 moyan, pre-1700 moyoun, pre-1700 1700s– moyen, 1800s– moin, 1800s– moyne, 1900s– myan.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French moyenner ; moyen n.¹

Etymology: Either < Middle French moyenner (see mean v.³), or independently < moyen n.¹

Scottish.

1. transitive. To accomplish by the use of appropriate means; to arrange or bring about, esp. by negotiation, influence, etc.; to contrive to obtain (something desired). Also: to bring (a person) to a desired object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > achieve or effect

helpc1410

obtain?a1425

procurec1425

practise?a1439

upholdc1450

furnish1477

to bring about1480

to bring to passc1513

conduce1518

contrive1530

to make good1535

moyen1560

effect1581

effectuatea1586

to level out1606

operate1637

to carry offa1640

efficiate1639

work1761

engineer1831

1560 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1898) I. 541 [Unless God shall] moyen [by this or the like, good intelligence between these two queens].

?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament ii. sig. H3^v This conjunction is moyaned, be twa speciall moyans.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 441 The best part thought it meittest to tak tyme to mollefie and moyen maters.

1627 Rep. Parishes Scotl. (1835) 215 The foirsaid takisman being ane of the commissioners..did sa moyoun it to be.

1873 Guidman Inglismaill 44 Luckie brings the drucken bite—saut beef an' breid, To moyen ben anither bowl o' toddy.

1913 G. Greig Mains Again 14 If I could moin the letter her wye, there would be some fun.

1940 C. Gavin Hostile Shore xv Mains and the smith got McCluskie moyen't roon to say nae mair aboot it.

2. transitive. To recommend.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (transitive)]

commendc1400

recommise1427

recommendc1460

recommit?1521

prefer1567

wish1612

value1670

moyen1897

1897 G. A. Mackay Where Heather Grows 16 Ye've as guid a chance as anither, and I'se moin ye.

1916 G. Abel Wylins 111 Syne moyent him [sc. Naaman] to the waters 'at the prophet said wid heal.

1933 Sc. Notes & Queries Mar. 44 Moyen Angus for lan', but heather for luck.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1439

n.³1509

adj.n.²1470

v.1560

单词	moyen
释义	moyenn.¹ Brit. /ˈmɔɪən/, U.S. /mɔɪˈ(j)ɛn/, Scottish English /ˈmɔɪ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English moene, late Middle English moine, late Middle English moyan, late Middle English 1600s moien, late Middle English 1600s moyen, late Middle English–1500s moyne; Scottish pre-1700 miene, pre-1700 moene, pre-1700 moȝen, pre-1700 moien, pre-1700 moiene, pre-1700 moin, pre-1700 moine, pre-1700 moyand, pre-1700 moyane, pre-1700 moyann, pre-1700 moyanne, pre-1700 moyant, pre-1700 moyene, pre-1700 moyȝeoun, pre-1700 moyin, pre-1700 moyine, pre-1700 moying, pre-1700 moyion, pre-1700 moyn, pre-1700 moyne, pre-1700 moyon, pre-1700 moyone, pre-1700 moyoun, pre-1700 moyoune, pre-1700 myan, pre-1700 myane, pre-1700 myoun, pre-1700 1700s moyance (plural), pre-1700 1700s moyence (plural), pre-1700 1700s moyennis (plural), pre-1700 1700s– moen, pre-1700 1700s– moyan, pre-1700 1700s– moyean, pre-1700 1700s– moyen. See also myance n. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moyen. Etymology: < Middle French moyen (see mean n.³). Compare myance n.On use of the plural form with singular agreement and meaning (sense 1b), see note at mean n.³ Now Scottish. I. An intermediary instrument or agent (cf. mean n.³ I.). †1. Obsolete. a. Instrumentality. Chiefly in by (also through) (the) moyen of: (a) by the instrumentality of (a person or thing); (b) in consequence of, by reason of, owing to. by this (also that) moyen: by means of this, in this way, thus. Cf. mean n.³ Phrases 1. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1439 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 54/2 Be the miene of the said princes hir procuracione or seruantis. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 252 The witnes.., be the moyen of the quhilkis jlkane..thinkis to prove his entencioun. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 108 Be quhat moyane sall I red me of this mischeif. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 198 By my moyen muche innocent blood hath beene spilt. 1703 D. Williamson Serm. before Gen. Assembly Edinb. 58 Connived at by the Moyen of the..Noble Lord. b. In plural with singular agreement and meaning. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] ministration1495 moyena1578 ministry1581 agency1625 instrumentalness1632 instrumentality1646 instrumency1652 canal1722 instrumentation1841 a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 284 Convenit ane consall be his moyance of the maist pairt of the nobilitie at Edinburgh. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 331 Quhither the castell was so strong or the gouneris corrupit be the Earle of Angus moyans, I can nocht tell. 1659 in M. V. Hay Blairs Papers (1929) 88 And this all by the moyens of the prayor of Charterous. †2. a. A means, an agency. Cf. mean n.³ 3. Obsolete. to make moyen (also moyens): to take steps, use efforts. to find (the) moyen (also moyens): to find a way, contrive. Cf. mean n.³ 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > act or do [verb (intransitive)] > take action or act towards a result to make moyen (also moyens)1449 not to lift a finger1529 to take action?1551 solicitate1572 to make a step or stepsa1628 to take a step or stepsa1628 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > find means to do something [verb (intransitive)] to make one's waya1400 to find (the) moyen (also moyens)1449 to find the means (also mean)1461 to find means?1464 to see one's way1628 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means keyOE toolc1000 wherewithc1230 ministerc1380 meanc1390 instrumenta1425 organ?a1425 mesne1447 moyen1449 handlec1450 hackneya1500 receipta1500 operative1526 ingine1531 appliance1555 agent1579 matter1580 mids1581 wedge1581 wherewithal1583 shoeing-horn1587 engine1589 instrumental1598 Roaring Meg1598 procurement1601 organy1605 vehicle1615 vehiculuma1617 executioner1646 facility1652 operatory1660 instrumentality1663 expedient1665 agency1684 bladea1713 mechanic1924 mechanism1924 1449 Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Earl of Verulam (1906) 3 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2973) LX. 571 And if hit soo be that the said article may not be accepted then by alle goodly moines to putte the mature in suspense to the next assemblee. 1481 (a1470) J. Tiptoft tr. Cicero De Amicicia (Caxton) sig. b1^v That the said feblenesse sholde be the moyen to attayne to that whiche they desyre in frendship. 1502 in Lett. Richard III & Henry VII (Rolls) II. 112 We have made suche secrete moynes as we can to knowe howe the exchaunge of the said. l. M. crownes myght be made. ?1572 R. Sempill Premonitioun Barnis of Leith (single sheet) The moyane for till find: How that yai micht eschew ye quene. 1581 J. Hamilton Catholik Traictise i. f. 20 Thir sort of men not onlie be sic moyens drauis sindrie to thair faction, but also [etc.]. 1634 in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. 10 269 I sall not faill to seik all possible moyanes to fauorize your most just and worthie petitioun. 1670 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1957) V. 18 Yow are to use all moyen and meines..to get diminissione of our proportione of the said ten merkes valuatione. a1692 ( in J. Stevenson Lett. & Papers Illustr. Wars Eng. in France (1864) II. 444 Youre partie adverse and the saide duc might not godely have founden the moyens and the weyes [c1503 Arnold's Chron. founde meanes nor weies] to have communed to geder. b. Means, resources. Also occasionally in plural. Cf. mean n.³ 6. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] coffer1377 pursec1384 possibilityc1385 moneyc1390 financec1475 abilityc1503 purse stringc1530 moyen1547 means1560 financy1600 pocket1633 fonds1669 wherewith1674 apoinctee1682 funds1700 ways and means1738 money stock1743 pecuniary1748 pecuniar1793 wherewithal1809 ante1843 pocketbook1897 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > resources facultya1382 myance?a1513 moyen1547 facility1555 means1560 resource1611 foisona1616 wherewith1674 asset1677 stock-in-tradea1806 wherewithal1809 possibles1823 bag of tricks1841 potential1941 1547–8 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 213 We have all reddy sic moyance bayth off force off men off wyr strangerreris and mony with all wthyris munitiones necessaires. 1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 316 Personis..that hes the moyen to leif on thair awin. a1592 P. Adamson Recantation (1598) sig. Bj^v I..beseekis zou to make intercessionne..to the King, that I may haif sum moyance to liue. 1593 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 84 To have sufficient rent of thair awin, or some honest moyen, industrie, craft or occupatioun, to leive on. a1609 A. Hume Poems (1902) 181 Thei who have best moyen to remane, perhappis werie first. 1617 J. Chamberlain in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) II. 7 The greatest part of the prime Scots..make no great haste homeward, which perhaps may be for want of moyens, as they call it, to carry them along. 1693 Irvine Deeds (MS) in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (1973) IV. 403/1 Upon the propper charges moyen and expences of the sd John Gray. 3. Mediation, intercession; the exercise of influence to bring about something, instigation; influence used on behalf of another, interest. Also occasionally in plural. Cf. mean n.³ 5. †moyen of (also at) court: influence at court (obsolete). to make (also lay) moyen (also moyens): to intercede, make overtures, negotiate (with). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > intercession or influence on someone's behalf > [noun] erndinga1000 mediationa1387 advocacyc1390 mediacya1425 meanc1450 moyen1454 interposition1462 mean1465 myance?a1513 advocation1532 intercession1534 advocateship?1555 intercessionment1593 interceding1600 intermise1612 means-making1617 intermission1647 interposal1687 spoke1867 1454 J. Fastolf in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 105 And that ye lyke seke a moyen of such frendys as ye can best avyse and may verrayly trust vppon to gyde thys mater. 1469 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 402 And ye, iff it the rathere by yowre wysdam and polesye the moene above wryten may be hadd, schall be as sewre of the servyce of my trewe brothere..as ye kan devyse. a1500 (a1470) in C. Monro Lett. Margaret of Anjou (1863) 160 The socour and trust of oure moene that she putteth in us. 1568 G. Buchanan Indictm. Mary Queen of Scots (1923) 34 That nane bot he had aythar credyt or moyen to do ony thing at hir handis. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 165 Thinkand na thing better nor they wald mak thair moyenis witht him. 1581 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 42 Thair be moyanne of court, sinister and wrang informatioun, hes purchest ane gift and preuilege of our said Souerane Lord. a1600 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Rec. Coinage Scotl. (1876) I. 98 Ane Inglischmane..vpon fair promisis be moyen of cowrte was appointed maister Coinyeour. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 380 With Monsier then he moyen maid. a1617 Sir J. Melville Mem. Own Life (1735) 347 The Master of Gray had made moyen for Mr. Archibald. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1678) 243 By moyen he [sc. Bothwell] got presence of the King in the garden. a1676 H. Guthry Mem. (1702) 14 King Charles..preferr'd Men by Moyen at Court. 1701 Council Reg. Edinb. (Burgh Record Soc.) 194 Gratis burgesses who oft times doe make moyen with one or other of the councill to get a gratis burges ticket. 1717 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 221 I hear he has been at London making moyen and friends to be made Principal of the Old Town College. a1737 J. Fraser in A. Fergusson Major Fraser's MS (1889) I. 103 Lord Tullibarden..made my Lord Lovat believe..that he would by his moyans with the King procure him a regiment. 1777 J. Love in Mem. (1857) I. 330 Little improving of the moyen which I have through Christ in heaven. 1818 G. Beattie John o' Arnha' (ed. 2) 17 When Charlie Stewart, the vile Pretender, Made moyen to be our Faith's Defender. 1873 P. Buchan Guidman o' Inglismill in Legends of North 30 I mith hae moyens laid to win wi' you. 1929 J. Alexander Mains & Hilly 65 Gey hantles o' the best men are fee't aforehan' by moyen or throu' a register. †4. A mediator, an intermediary. Cf. mean n.³ 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > intermediate agency > intermediate means > person as dealerc1000 meanc1384 mediatorc1390 moyen1455 intermediator1522 broker1530 middlera1533 intercessor1554 mercury1602 intermedial1605 transactor1611 interdealer1613 intermeddler1630 intercommuner1638 middleman1648 second hand1655 inter-agent1728 intermediary1791 in-between1815 medium1817 intermediate1879 come-between1919 tolkach1955 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 286/1 Request made unto you..to be moyen unto the Kynges Highnesse to ordeyne and name a persone. 1458 Earl of Salisbury in Paston Lett. (1872) I. 421 To bee my good and tendre moyen..unto the Kinges goode grace, for th' excuse of my nown comyng. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 279^v/1 Thenne late us praye unto this hooly Saynt Saynt Iohan baptist to be a moyen bytwene god and us. 1570 in A. I. Cameron Warrender Papers (1931) I. 96 I wraitt to yow..be tua sindry moyans of the Lady Northumberlandis and laitle be ane servand of the lard of Craigmillaris. 1626 in D. Laing Corr. First Earl of Ancram & Third Earl of Lothian (1875) I. 42 This grite and inexpected alteratione in our sessione quho ar cheif moyeneis therof. †II. That which is in the middle (cf. mean n.³ II.). 5. a. Something interposed or intervening; = mean n.³ 8. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > [noun] > that which is interjacent meana1400 moyen1483 umpire1605 intermedium1611 intermediate1650 middle1665 between-lier1674 borderland1821 border-ground1871 border-world1878 grey zone1900 twilight zone1909 grey area1935 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 24^v/1 Syth the pryncypal angellis ben nyghe to god, and ben without moyen enlumyned of god. b. A middle condition or quality. Cf. mean n.³ 7a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > condition of being mean or average > [noun] > mean middlingOE middlelOE meanc1450 neutralityc1475 moyen1484 temper?1523 mediety1573 medium1593 temperature1598 temperament1604 intermedial1605 median1635 intermediate1650 average1737 middle term1754 mesne1821 intermediacy1836 intermediary1865 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vii. 108 Yf there were noo vertue bytwene the ouer grete and ouer lytyl there shold be no moyen. a1586 Lindsay MS f. 73, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) The hatt of irne..is the moyene betuen the thingis hie and law. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † moyenn.³ Forms: pre-1700 mayan, pre-1700 moyan, pre-1700 moyane, pre-1700 moyant, pre-1700 moyenne, pre-1700 myan, pre-1700 myand, pre-1700 myane, pre-1700 myon, pre-1700 myone, pre-1700 myoun, pre-1700 1800s moyen, 1800s moienne (historical). Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a borrowing from French. Perhaps partly formed within English, by conversion. Or perhaps partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: French moyenne ; moyen adj.; culverin-moyen at culverin n. b. Etymology: Probably < Middle French moyenne (although first attested only 1549–56 in this specific sense), use as noun of moyenne , feminine of moyen moyen adj.; perhaps partly independently < moyen adj. (compare sense 4 at that entry), or short for culverin-moyen at culverin n. b (although both are first attested slightly later). Scottish. Obsolete. A kind of cannon of intermediate size. See also culverin-moyen at culverin n. b, moyen adj. 4. ΚΠ 1509 in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) II. 279 (note) Three hundred small artillery, under the names of myand, culverins, and double-dogs. 1544 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 336 The bullattis of the cannoun and myoun. 1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 25 That thair be ane moyen and ane falconer convoyit towart Dunbartane. 1577 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 655 Twa myonis. 1617 in J. Imrie & J. G. Dunbar Accts. Masters of Wks. (1982) II. 71 For 4 brasen ladellis to sakeris and moyens, v. lib. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 194/2 Moyens, which carried a ball of 10 or 12 ounces. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Moienne, Fr. A piece of ordnance, which is now called a four pounder, and which is ten feet long, was formerly so called. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † moyenadj.n.² Forms: late Middle English moyen, 1500s moyene; Scottish pre-1700 maȝon, pre-1700 mayan, pre-1700 mayone, pre-1700 moiyane, pre-1700 moyaine, pre-1700 moyane, pre-1700 myan, pre-1700 myance (plural), pre-1700 myane, pre-1700 myen, pre-1700 myine. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moyen. Etymology: < Middle French moyen middle (see mean adj.²). Obsolete. A. adj. 1. Intermediary; serving as a means or instrument; = mean adj.² 4. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adjective] > acting as intermediate agent meana1382 mediatec1449 moyen1470 mediatory1578 intermedial1649 intervenient1651 mediative1813 intermediary1818 1470 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 116 Our Traitours..which daily labour þe weyes moyens at þeir power of our final destruccion. 2. Middle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [adjective] > situated in the centre or middle mideOE middleeOE mean1340 midwarda1400 moyen1481 centrica1593 midway1608 centricala1631 umbilical1742 middling1747 median1771 focal1825 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > middle > [adjective] middleeOE midmosteOE mid1273 mean1340 middlemosta1400 mediate?1440 moyen1481 median1592 intermedial1599 intermediate1648 mede1706 intermediary1788 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. iii. 68 Thise two flodes [sc. Tigris and Euphrates] trauerse many grete contrees so longe tyl they mete in the see moyen. 1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Bv Aswell of tyme past, moyene as present. 3. Of middle rank. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [adjective] > middle-class or bourgeois moyen1481 middling1631 bourgeois1761 small bourgeois1832 lower middle class1835 middle class1836 bourgeoisistic1848 petty bourgeois1864 upper middle class1872 petit bourgeois1887 lace curtain1928 haut bourgeois1940 bourgie1968 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xxvi. 59 Here ye maye here how so moche peple was loste by the folye of the moyen peple. 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. dviij^v/1 And in thys bataylle was slayn..many other of the moyen people. 4. Scottish. Of middle size. Only as postmodifier with culverin (cf. moyen n.³). ΚΠ 1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 510 For xxvj chargeouris to the culvering moyaine. 1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 517 Item, the first culvering moiyane, drawin with viij oxin. 1515 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1903) V. 27 Chargit with twa culvering myance. 1558 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 438 For Lumbart paper to draw the patronis of ane double culvering battart and moyane. B. n.² A person of intermediate rank. rare. ΚΠ 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 308/1 Alle spirites ben sent for us. The superyors ben sente to the moyens, the moyens [printed moyest] ben sente to the lowest. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2021). moyenv. Brit. /ˈmɔɪən/, U.S. /mɔɪˈ(j)ɛn/, Scottish English /ˈmɔɪ(ə)n/ Forms: pre-1700 moyan, pre-1700 moyoun, pre-1700 1700s– moyen, 1800s– moin, 1800s– moyne, 1900s– myan. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French moyenner ; moyen n.¹ Etymology: Either < Middle French moyenner (see mean v.³), or independently < moyen n.¹ Scottish. 1. transitive. To accomplish by the use of appropriate means; to arrange or bring about, esp. by negotiation, influence, etc.; to contrive to obtain (something desired). Also: to bring (a person) to a desired object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > achieve or effect helpc1410 obtain?a1425 procurec1425 practise?a1439 upholdc1450 furnish1477 to bring about1480 to bring to passc1513 conduce1518 contrive1530 to make good1535 moyen1560 effect1581 effectuatea1586 to level out1606 operate1637 to carry offa1640 efficiate1639 work1761 engineer1831 1560 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1898) I. 541 [Unless God shall] moyen [by this or the like, good intelligence between these two queens]. ?1591 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament ii. sig. H3^v This conjunction is moyaned, be twa speciall moyans. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 441 The best part thought it meittest to tak tyme to mollefie and moyen maters. 1627 Rep. Parishes Scotl. (1835) 215 The foirsaid takisman being ane of the commissioners..did sa moyoun it to be. 1873 Guidman Inglismaill 44 Luckie brings the drucken bite—saut beef an' breid, To moyen ben anither bowl o' toddy. 1913 G. Greig Mains Again 14 If I could moin the letter her wye, there would be some fun. 1940 C. Gavin Hostile Shore xv Mains and the smith got McCluskie moyen't roon to say nae mair aboot it. 2. transitive. To recommend. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (transitive)] commendc1400 recommise1427 recommendc1460 recommit?1521 prefer1567 wish1612 value1670 moyen1897 1897 G. A. Mackay Where Heather Grows 16 Ye've as guid a chance as anither, and I'se moin ye. 1916 G. Abel Wylins 111 Syne moyent him [sc. Naaman] to the waters 'at the prophet said wid heal. 1933 Sc. Notes & Queries Mar. 44 Moyen Angus for lan', but heather for luck. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1439n.³1509adj.n.²1470v.1560
随便看	to have a tough row to hoe to have a voice in to have a want to have a way of to have a way with to have a way with one to have a way with words to have a white feather in one's tail to have a white feather in one's wing to have a white head and a green tail to have a whitey to have a will of one's own to have a wise head on one's shoulders to have a wise head upon one's shoulders to have a wold to have a woman's maidenhead to have a word to have a, any, no, etc suspicion, or suspicions to have ado to have ado with to have aid of to have all one's buttons to have all one's buttons on to have all one's marbles to have all one's work cut out

moyenn.1

† moyenn.3

† moyenadj.n.2

moyenv.

moyenn.¹

† moyenn.³

† moyenadj.n.²