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单词 mullein
释义

mulleinn.

Brit. /ˈmʌlᵻn/, /ˈmʌleɪn/, U.S. /ˈməl(ə)n/
Forms: late Middle English molayn, late Middle English moleine, late Middle English moleyn, late Middle English moline, late Middle English moloyne, late Middle English molyn, late Middle English molyue (transmission error), late Middle English–1500s molayne, late Middle English–1500s molen, late Middle English–1500s moleyne, 1500s molin, 1500s mollen, 1500s mulleyn, 1500s mulleyne, 1500s–1600s mulleine, 1500s–1600s mullin, 1500s– mullein, 1500s– (1700s–1800s U.S.) mullen.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French moleine.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French moleine (13th cent. in Old French; French molène (1765); 1611 in Cotgrave as moulaine ); further etymology uncertain and disputed (see note below). Compare mullet n.5 Trésor de la langue française s.v. Molène suggests that Anglo-Norman and Old French moleine is < mou , mol , molle soft (see moll adj.) + -eine (in verveine vervain n.), with reference to the thick, woolly down that covers the plant's leaves. A Celtic origin has been suggested for the French word, connected with Breton melen , Cornish melyn , Old Welsh melin , (Welsh melyn ; perhaps compare also Gallo-Latin melinus black) in allusion to the yellow flowers of the most common variety of the plant, although this is probably less likely. It is unlikely that an earlier example of the word is shown by the following (a compound with grass n.1 would be very unusual for a word denoting a dicotyledonous plant):a1400 in D. A. Trotter Multilingualism in Later Medieval Brit. (2000) 141 Pernés mulene-gras and stamp it weel wit freis schepus-talw.
1. Any of various plants of the genus Verbascum (family Scrophulariaceae), typically with rosettes of greyish woolly leaves and tall erect racemes of flowers; esp. (in full common mullein, great mullein) the yellow-flowered V. thapsus.candlewick, moth, purple mullein: see the first element.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > mullein
feltwortc1000
verbascumOE
Thapsusa1400
mullein?a1425
hag taper1526
high-taper1526
tapsebarbe1526
lungwort1538
torch1552
moth mullein1578
wolleyn1578
woollen1578
hedge-taper1579
wool-blade1585
bullock's lungwort1597
candlewick mullein1597
mullet1597
torch-herb1598
taperwort1601
torchwort1647
Jupiter's staff1664
cow's lungwort1777
shepherd's club1790
woollens1800
flannel-leaf1821
Adam's flannel1828
flannel-plant1849
king's taper1858
torch-blade1861
velvet-dock1863
Jacob's staff1879
shepherd's staff1882
wool-plant1883
shepherd's gourd1896
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 154 (MED) Þe croppes of moline smal grounden..is a good medycine.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 342 Moleyne [?a1475 Winch. Moleyn], herbe tapsus.
c1450 Med. Recipes (BL Add. 33996) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 120 Take molyn & styue hit in good red wyn.
?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 42 Take molyue [read molyne], hockys and sexfrage and make a lauoyre and do hit in a vessel hockys and sexfrage and þat he may sitte Inne.
1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. G.vij Verbascum is called..in englishe Mullen higgis taper or Longe wurt.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxi. 118 There be foure sortes of Mulleyne,..wherof ye two first are white Mulleyne..: The third is blacke Mulleyne: The fourth is wilde Mulleyne.
1659 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια 318 The leaves of the common mullein are by the husband-men of Kent given to their cattle, against the cough.
1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Jupiter's Distaffe, a kind of Clary with a Yellow flower; it is otherwise called Mullein.
1782 J. Scott Poet. Wks. 97 And golden spikes the downy mulleins rear.
1799 C. B. Brown Edgar Huntly III. xxi. 34 A wild heath..adorned with the dry stalks of scented shrubs and the bald heads of the sapless mullen.
1851 H. B. Stowe Pearl of Orr's Island 8 Only savins and mullens with their dark pyramids or white spires of velvet leaves, diversified the sandy wayside.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. (at cited word) Great Torch Mullein, Verbascum thapsus.
1943 A. J. M. Smith Bk. Canad. Poetry v. 345 Here are signs that another has come this way: A broken mullein spike, a trodden leaf.
1958 R. Liddell Morea ii. i. 39 All over the plateau grow mulleins, bright yellow thistles, scabious and larkspur.
1991 Times 17 Sept. 16/2 The woolly spires of great mullein have grown to seven or eight feet in this summer of tall plants.
2. With distinguishing word: any of several plants with foliage resembling that of a mullein; esp. Jerusalem sage, Phlomis fruticosa (also called sage mullein). Obsolete.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > phlomis
sage mullein1562
mullein1578
sage of Jerusalem1578
French sage1597
Jupiter's distaff1597
phlome1715
Jerusalem sage1736
sage tree1736
Phlomis1754
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxxiii. 122 Of Petie Mulleyn or the kindes of Primeroses.
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 625 Verbascum Mathioli. French Sage... Wilde Mullein, woodie Mullein, Mathiolus his Mullein... In English it is generally called French Sage, we may call it Sage Mullein.
1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole xxv. 247 In some countries they call them Paigles, or Palsieworts, or Petty Mulleins, which are called Cowslips in others.
1659 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια 318 Wooddy Mullein. K[nown] as the French and lesser French sage, with the Syrian sage-leafed mullein.
1754 Catal. Seeds in H. Rose & L. Shaw Geneal. Deduction Family Rose of Kilravock (1848) 427 Phlomis (Sage-leaf Mullein).
3. A pale brown and grey noctuid moth, Cucullia verbasci, whose larvae feed on mullein; = mullein moth n. at Compounds 2.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > genus Noctua or Cucullia > cucullia verbasci (mullein)
mullein1819
mullein moth1827
mullein shark1885
1819 G. Samouelle Entomologist's Compend. 419 Noctua Verbasci. The Mullein.
1868 F. O. Morris Brit. Moths III. 30 Cucullia Verbasci. Mullein.
1958 W. J. Stokoe Caterpillars Brit. Moths I. 348 The Mullein... Except for an occasional capture, this species is rarely seen in the open.
1984 B. Skinner Moths Brit. Isles 108/2 The Mullein. Cucullia verbasci... Resident. Comes to light in small numbers.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive.
mullein leaf n.
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?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 30v Lay vpon the wondes þe levis of rede cawle oþer of molayne leuys.
1860 Ladies' Repository June 337/1 The little girl plucked a mullein leaf from a stalk near by and curled it into a cup,..filling it with water.
1986 J. Cox Spirit of Gardening 22 Mullein leaves are surprisingly soft and warm.
mullein plant n.
ΚΠ
1830 J. F. Watson Ann. Philadelphia 470 They [sc. the earliest Swedish settlers] called the mullein plant the Indian tobacco; they tied it round their arms and feet, as a cure when they had the ague.
2000 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 12 Aug. c2 But the plants filling the wheelbarrow weren't my idea of weeds at all. There were several husky, five-foot-tall mullein plants, yanked by the roots.
mullein stalk n.
ΚΠ
1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. iii. 32 A stump, one mushroom, and a broken mullein stalk.
1913–36 R. Frost Poems (1969) O'ernight 'twixt mullein stalks a wheel of thread And straining cables wet with dew.
mullein weed n.
ΚΠ
1847 J. W. Abert in W. H. Emory Notes Mil. Reconnaissance (1848) 386 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Exec. Doc. 41) IV The bluebird was there with his sprightly notes, and the meadow lark, perched on some tall mullein weed.
1996 Des Moines (Iowa) Reg. (Nexis) 21 July 3 Among my prizes was a 7-foot thistle with a capacity for grabbing anyone who got too close. Even taller mullein weeds..had an intimidating quality that let them live unmolested.
b. Similative.
mullein-leaved adj.
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1822 S. Clarke Hortus Anglicus II. 75 Mullein-leaved Iron Wort.
C2.
mullein foxglove n. a plant of the eastern United States, Dasistoma macrophylla (family Scrophulariaceae).
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > other plants of the Scrophulariaceae
Bartsia1753
Mimulus1754
goatweed1756
painted cup1776
mullein foxglove1856
1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (ed. 2) 292 S[eymeria] macrophylla, Nutt. (Mullein-Foxglove.)
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 250/1 Seymeria macrophylla, Mullein-Fox-Glove.
1979 New Phytologist 83 483 (table) Dasistoma macrophylla... Mullein foxglove.
mullein moth n. = sense 3.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > genus Noctua or Cucullia > cucullia verbasci (mullein)
mullein1819
mullein moth1827
mullein shark1885
1827 J. F. Stephens Catal. Brit. Insects II. 102 Mullein M[oth].
1993 Garden Answers May 24/4 Last summer a verbascum..was suddenly devastated by a large, colourful caterpillar which turned out to be the larva of the mullein moth.
mullein pink n. rose campion, Lychnis coronaria.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > campions and catchflies
rose campion1530
jagged pink1574
cuckoo-gilliflower1578
flower Constantinople1578
marsh gilliflower1578
wild William1578
crow-flower1597
gardener's delight1597
nonsuch1597
cuckoo-flower1629
fair maid of France1629
meadow pink1660
Bristol Non-such1668
flower of Bristol1672
knight-cross1725
ragged robin1731
fair maid of Kent1813
flower of Jove1840
mullein pink1840
fire pink1848
sticky catchfly1908
1840 C. Dewey Rep. Herbaceous Flowering Plants Mass. 87 Agrostemma coronaria. Mullein Pink. Named from its woolly leaves, bearing white or red flowers..a native of Italy.
1925 Amer. Midland Naturalist 9 405 Lychnis coronaria L. Mullein Pink.
1991 Shepherd's Garden Seeds Catal. 85/1 Also known as mullein-pink. Once established, rose campion's big, many stemmed plants bear masses of velvety-textured silver-gray leaves.
mullein shark n. = sense 3.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > genus Noctua or Cucullia > cucullia verbasci (mullein)
mullein1819
mullein moth1827
mullein shark1885
1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i Mullein-shark, a moth, Cucullia verbasci, the caterpillar of which feeds on mullein.
1971 Country Life 26 Aug. 496/2 I plunged in with the object of catching mullein shark caterpillars before they ruined the mulleins' foliage.
mullein tea n. an infusion of mullein leaves, used medicinally.
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the world > food and drink > drink > infused leaves, flowers, or fruit > [noun] > others
coltsfoota1627
sage tea?1706
pippin tea1709
lemon-tea1725
foltron1748
camomile-tea1753
sassafras tea1783
spruce tea1783
mountain tea1785
cow-slip tea1796
miserable1842
peppermint tea1844
violet tea1853
Swiss tea1860
coffee-tea1866
Jesuits' tea1866
St. Helena tea1875
cotton-leaf tea1881
tamarind watera1883
tamarind tea1883
mullein tea1887
rosehip tea1947
1887 J. C. Harris Free Joe (1888) 193 She sent me word to make me some mullein-tea.
1945 L. Lenski Strawberry Girl xiv. 171 She went to the kitchen to make some mullein tea and other healing brews.
1976 N.Y. Times Mag. 10 Oct. 111/2 And the cures, from mullein tea to Black Draught.
mullein wave n. a pale grey speckled geometrid moth, Scopula marginepunctata.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Lymantriidae > acidalia promutata
mullein wave1832
1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 140 The Mullein Wave P[tychopoda] incanata, Stephens) appears the end of June and in the autumn.
1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 80 The Mullein Wave (Acidalia promutata).
1961 R. South Moths Brit. Isles II. 99 The Mullein Wave... This species exhibits more variation than is usual in this group.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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