needlessadv.adj.

Brit.

/ˈniːdlᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈnidlᵻs/

Forms: see need n.¹ and -less suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: need n.¹, -less suffix.

Etymology: < need n.¹ + -less suffix. With use as adverb, compare needlessly adv. With use as adjective, compare early modern Dutch nootloos, noodloos (Dutch nodeloos), Middle High German nōtlōs (German notlos).

†A. adv.

Without any compulsion or necessity; needlessly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > proceeding from free will

selflyOE

self-willOE

willesOE

needlessc1225

wilninga1250

wilfulc1374

voluntaryc1449

spontany1532

voluntarious1532

spontaneal1602

voluntaire1615

self-willing1625

ultroneous1637

unimposed1642

elective1643

spontaneous1656

contingent1660

unmechanic1709

volitient1844

unmechanical1865

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1023 Monnes unmihte þet he neodeles [L. voluntarius] nom upon him seoluen.

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 698 He that despeireth hym is lyk the coward champioun..that seith creant with oute nede; Allas, allas, nedelees is he recreant and nedelees despeired.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28460 (MED) Neddeles oft bot for glotri Stulth o mete and drink did i.

?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew Eng. Wks. Wyclif (1880) 51 (MED) Of freris it is knowen hou þei gon ydel fro contre to contre..beggynge nedles of pore men.

1475 Rolls of Parl. VI. 136/2 For..fere of deth..which he must nedles have entred in if he had appered.

a1500 St. Brendan's Confession (Lamb.) 88 in Geibun-Kenkyu (1968) 25 8 (MED) I haue deuourid and wastid needlees þat nedy men myȝte haue be holpen and cumfortid with.

1677 R. Hooke Diary 3 May (1935) 288 Tryd Wins or Schroters needles.

B. adj.

1. Not needed or wanted, unnecessary, uncalled for; useless, avoidable. Now frequently in parenthetic phrase needless to say: as it is unnecessary to say; as will already have been deduced.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > [adjective] > unnecessary

needlessc1300

unneedful1387

superfluea1425

superfluousc1450

unnecessary1528

unnecessar1590

irrequisite1599

unnecessaire1611

non-necessary1621

unneeded1704

forbearable1803

uncalled1817

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > [adjective] > useless or needless

idlec897

needlessc1300

over-vaina1382

unrequisite1593

unrequired1702

forbearable1803

otiose1837

society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > manifest [phrase]

written with a sunbeam (or in sunbeams)1626

needless to say1770

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1630 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 153 ‘Beth stille,’ he seide, ‘ȝe makiez deol neodeles nouþe ech-on.’

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 647 Ydel wordes ben tho that ben nedelees [v.rr. neþeles, neodelees] or with outen entente of naturel profit.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1141 (MED) For þi nedeles wickedhede, þou sal lede euer þi lijf in nede.

?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 274 (MED) Oure weiward prelatis..senden freris þat..robben þe pore peple bi stronge beggynge and nedles.

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 72 Many nedeles officers..reignyng and ruling over theym.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 643/2 It is nedelesse to speake of the price.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. iii. sig. J.ij/2 Deepe swearings, not only needelesse, but also hurtfull.

1588 J. Udall Demonstr. Trueth of Discipline ii. 12 That office which is needles in the church is also vnlawful.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 32 I have seene men lamed by the needlesse vse of causticke medicines.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 494 Thou..gav'st them Names, Needlest [1678 Needless] to thee repea[t] ed.

1695 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) IV. 286 Wher I have been att eney neadles expence.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. ii. 39 The Search after their Names would be..needless.

1770 G. Baretti Journey London to Genoa I. xx. 148 It is needless to say that thousands and thousands have migrated to other places.

1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xii. p. clxi It is needless to multiply examples any farther.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 280 The message was needless.

1880 C. H. Spurgeon John Ploughman's Pictures 117 Beware of evil questions which raise needless doubts.

1885 H. R. Haggard King Solomon's Mines vi. 88 That night we covered nearly five-and-twenty miles, but, needless to say, found no more water.

1902 R. J. Mecredy in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) vii. 122 Needless to say, the shoulder f is thereby raised.

1952 J. Steinbeck East of Eden xxxvii. 431 He had never before spent a needless penny.

1985 E. Kuzwayo Call me Woman ii. xiv. 209 Needless to say, the first two weeks after the operation were torture.

2000 Independent 6 Mar. i. 6/8 Disposing of tampons and sanitary towels in an appropriate way will prevent the needless deaths of millions of animals.

†2. Not in need or want; not needy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective] > having no want

needlessa1393

unneedyc1450

wantless1565

the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > [adjective] > not in need (of)

needlessa1393

unneedful1565

wantless1565

unnecessary1608

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 3267 Erthe is the most nedeles, And most men helpe it natheles.

?a1450 (?c1400) Lay Folks' Catech. (Lamb.) (1901) 43 Þey don here almes more to the nedles þan to þe verry nedy.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 46 First, for his weeping into the needlesse streame.

1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) v. 94 He considers that it's safer to relieve nine needless beggars, than to turn away one needy one.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	needless
释义	needlessadv.adj. Brit. /ˈniːdlᵻs/, U.S. /ˈnidlᵻs/ Forms: see need n.¹ and -less suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: need n.¹, -less suffix. Etymology: < need n.¹ + -less suffix. With use as adverb, compare needlessly adv. With use as adjective, compare early modern Dutch nootloos, noodloos (Dutch nodeloos), Middle High German nōtlōs (German notlos). †A. adv. Without any compulsion or necessity; needlessly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > proceeding from free will selflyOE self-willOE willesOE needlessc1225 wilninga1250 wilfulc1374 voluntaryc1449 spontany1532 voluntarious1532 spontaneal1602 voluntaire1615 self-willing1625 ultroneous1637 unimposed1642 elective1643 spontaneous1656 contingent1660 unmechanic1709 volitient1844 unmechanical1865 c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (1973) 1023 Monnes unmihte þet he neodeles [L. voluntarius] nom upon him seoluen. c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 698 He that despeireth hym is lyk the coward champioun..that seith creant with oute nede; Allas, allas, nedelees is he recreant and nedelees despeired. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28460 (MED) Neddeles oft bot for glotri Stulth o mete and drink did i. ?c1430 (c1400) Rule St. Francis (Corpus Cambr.) in F. D. Matthew Eng. Wks. Wyclif (1880) 51 (MED) Of freris it is knowen hou þei gon ydel fro contre to contre..beggynge nedles of pore men. 1475 Rolls of Parl. VI. 136/2 For..fere of deth..which he must nedles have entred in if he had appered. a1500 St. Brendan's Confession (Lamb.) 88 in Geibun-Kenkyu (1968) 25 8 (MED) I haue deuourid and wastid needlees þat nedy men myȝte haue be holpen and cumfortid with. 1677 R. Hooke Diary 3 May (1935) 288 Tryd Wins or Schroters needles. B. adj. 1. Not needed or wanted, unnecessary, uncalled for; useless, avoidable. Now frequently in parenthetic phrase needless to say: as it is unnecessary to say; as will already have been deduced. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > [adjective] > unnecessary needlessc1300 unneedful1387 superfluea1425 superfluousc1450 unnecessary1528 unnecessar1590 irrequisite1599 unnecessaire1611 non-necessary1621 unneeded1704 forbearable1803 uncalled1817 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > [adjective] > useless or needless idlec897 needlessc1300 over-vaina1382 unrequisite1593 unrequired1702 forbearable1803 otiose1837 society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > manifest [phrase] written with a sunbeam (or in sunbeams)1626 needless to say1770 c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1630 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 153 ‘Beth stille,’ he seide, ‘ȝe makiez deol neodeles nouþe ech-on.’ c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 647 Ydel wordes ben tho that ben nedelees [v.rr. neþeles, neodelees] or with outen entente of naturel profit. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1141 (MED) For þi nedeles wickedhede, þou sal lede euer þi lijf in nede. ?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 274 (MED) Oure weiward prelatis..senden freris þat..robben þe pore peple bi stronge beggynge and nedles. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 72 Many nedeles officers..reignyng and ruling over theym. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 643/2 It is nedelesse to speake of the price. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. iii. sig. J.ij/2 Deepe swearings, not only needelesse, but also hurtfull. 1588 J. Udall Demonstr. Trueth of Discipline ii. 12 That office which is needles in the church is also vnlawful. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 32 I have seene men lamed by the needlesse vse of causticke medicines. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 494 Thou..gav'st them Names, Needlest [1678 Needless] to thee repea[t] ed. View more context for this quotation 1695 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) IV. 286 Wher I have been att eney neadles expence. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. ii. 39 The Search after their Names would be..needless. 1770 G. Baretti Journey London to Genoa I. xx. 148 It is needless to say that thousands and thousands have migrated to other places. 1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xii. p. clxi It is needless to multiply examples any farther. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 280 The message was needless. 1880 C. H. Spurgeon John Ploughman's Pictures 117 Beware of evil questions which raise needless doubts. 1885 H. R. Haggard King Solomon's Mines vi. 88 That night we covered nearly five-and-twenty miles, but, needless to say, found no more water. 1902 R. J. Mecredy in A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors & Motor-driving (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) vii. 122 Needless to say, the shoulder f is thereby raised. 1952 J. Steinbeck East of Eden xxxvii. 431 He had never before spent a needless penny. 1985 E. Kuzwayo Call me Woman ii. xiv. 209 Needless to say, the first two weeks after the operation were torture. 2000 Independent 6 Mar. i. 6/8 Disposing of tampons and sanitary towels in an appropriate way will prevent the needless deaths of millions of animals. †2. Not in need or want; not needy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective] > having no want needlessa1393 unneedyc1450 wantless1565 the mind > will > necessity > condition of being necessary > need or want > [adjective] > not in need (of) needlessa1393 unneedful1565 wantless1565 unnecessary1608 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 3267 Erthe is the most nedeles, And most men helpe it natheles. ?a1450 (?c1400) Lay Folks' Catech. (Lamb.) (1901) 43 Þey don here almes more to the nedles þan to þe verry nedy. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 46 First, for his weeping into the needlesse streame. View more context for this quotation 1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) v. 94 He considers that it's safer to relieve nine needless beggars, than to turn away one needy one. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.c1225
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