murknessn.

Brit.

/ˈməːknəs/, U.S.

/ˈmərknəs/, Scottish English

/ˈmʌrknəs/

Forms: Middle English markenes, Middle English marknes, Middle English meorknesse, Middle English merckenes, Middle English mercknes, Middle English merkenes, Middle English merkenesse, Middle English merknes, Middle English merknesse, Middle English mirckenes, Middle English mirkenes, Middle English mirkenesse, Middle English mirkenis, Middle English mirknes, Middle English mirknesse, Middle English murkenes, Middle English myrkenes, Middle English myrkenesse, Middle English myrknes, Middle English myrknesse, 1800s– mirkness, 1800s– murkness; Scottish pre-1700 marknes, pre-1700 merknes, pre-1700 mirknes, pre-1700 myrknase, 1800s– markness (north-eastern), 1800s– mirkness.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: murk adj., -ness suffix.

Etymology: < murk adj. + -ness suffix.

Chiefly Scottish in later use. Now rare.

1. Intense darkness; (sometimes) spec. darkness caused by fog, smoke, etc. Frequently in murkness of (the) night. Also figurative. Sc. National Dict. at Mirk adj. records the sense as still in use in Shetland and Angus in 1963.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun]

thesternessc888

thesterc897

murkOE

theosterleykc1000

darkc1300

darkheadc1300

murknessa1325

therknessa1325

darknessc1350

tenebres1413

tenebrousa1450

obscurity1481

tenebrosity1490

obscureness1509

dern?a1513

sable?a1513

darksomeness1571

fuliginousness1576

darkishness1583

murksomeness1625

obscure1667

soot1789

tenebrity1789

nightness1839

raylessness1843

lightlessness1845

darkling1882

unlight1883

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > intense darkness > caused by smoke

murknessa1325

murkinessa1425

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3104 Ðhikke ðherknesse cam on ðat lond, Ðat migte non egipcien Abuten him for mirknesse sen.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15860 (MED) Nu er yee cummen to tak me Als in mercknes o night.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 5859 (MED) While þat she [sc. the moon] þere shal houe Bitwene vs and þe sunne aboue, Hir merknesse reueþ fro oure sight Miche of þe sunnes light.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 27 That ilke myrknes, of the quhilk the sternis was blekkit.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 12495 A myste & a merkenes myngit to-gedur.

1607 Let. 3 Mar. in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 99 The said Allaster wes apprehendit, and Johnne, being very evill hurte, by mirknes of the nyght eschaiped.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 463 So thay pairt, the ane army fra the vther, throw mirkness of nicht.

1785 W. Hutton Bran New Wark 340 The mirkness of the neet.

1822 J. Hogg Poet. Wks. II. 133 Poor Connel was blinded, his lugs how they sung! Then mirkness set over his e'en.

1849 Reverberations i. 16 Thro' the mist and thro' the murkness Travels the great human soul.

1889 J. H. Skrine Mem. E. Thring 158 Four legs and a tail were heaved into the mirkness.

1908 C. M. Doughty Adam Cast Forth 15 His Sun have I not seen, since we twain driven Were from the Eden: covers Harisuth Thick murkness.

†2. figurative. A benighted state of mind; lack of spiritual or intellectual enlightenment; sorrow, gloom, despair. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun]

unlustOE

sorrowfulnessa1250

heavinessc1275

elengenessec1320

dullnessc1369

tristourc1380

murknessc1390

tristesse1390

faintness1398

ungladnessa1400

droopingc1400

heavity14..

dejectionc1450

terne?a1513

disconsolation1515

descence1526

marea1529

sadness?1537

dumpishness1548

unblessedness1549

dolorousness1553

ruefulness?1574

dolefulness1586

heartlessness1591

languishment1591

mopishness1598

soul-sickness1603

contristation1605

damp1606

gloominess1607

sableness1607

uncheerfulnessa1617

disconsolateness1624

cheerlessnessa1631

dejectedness1633

droopingness1635

disanimation1637

lowness1639

desponsion1641

disconsolacy1646

despondency1653

dispiritedness1654

chagrin1656

demission1656

jawfall1660

weightedness1660

depression1665

disconsolancy1665

grumness1675

despondence1676

despond1678

disheartenednessa1680

glumness1727

low1727

gloom1744

low-spiritedness1754

blue devils1756

black dog1776

humdudgeon1785

blue devilism1787

dispiritude1797

wishtnessc1800

downheartedness1801

blue-devilage1816

dispiritment1827

downcastness1827

depressiveness1832

dolorosity1835

lugubriosity1840

disconsolance1847

down1856

heavy-heartedness1860

lugubriousness1879

sullenness1885

low key1886

melancholia1896

burn-out1903

mokus1924

downness1927

mopiness1927

deflation1933

wallow1934

c1390 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 289 (MED) Þou miȝt liȝtli so falle in to more merknes but ȝif þou were sleih in þi worchynge.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 136 Þis clips..closeth now þe sonne, In menynge þat man shal fro merkenesse [c1400 C text meorknesse] be drawe.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 6114 (MED) Men may calle þat day..Þe day of merryng and of myrkes [read myrknes].

c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 213 (MED) Be-fore ȝisterday was..the day of sorow & of myrknesse.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 12187 (MED) Sydrak, god forȝilde it the Þe lore þat þou has taght me. Fro merkenesse þou hast me broght.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 465 The clud and mirknes of hæresie.

1832 W. Scott Poems Buchan Dial. 197 We'll shun them like a lion's den, An' shudder at their markness.

1885 W. Scrope Salmon Fishing 120 A sudden mirkness cam owre me, and I sat doon on the sod in a cauld sweet.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	murkness
释义	murknessn. Brit. /ˈməːknəs/, U.S. /ˈmərknəs/, Scottish English /ˈmʌrknəs/ Forms: Middle English markenes, Middle English marknes, Middle English meorknesse, Middle English merckenes, Middle English mercknes, Middle English merkenes, Middle English merkenesse, Middle English merknes, Middle English merknesse, Middle English mirckenes, Middle English mirkenes, Middle English mirkenesse, Middle English mirkenis, Middle English mirknes, Middle English mirknesse, Middle English murkenes, Middle English myrkenes, Middle English myrkenesse, Middle English myrknes, Middle English myrknesse, 1800s– mirkness, 1800s– murkness; Scottish pre-1700 marknes, pre-1700 merknes, pre-1700 mirknes, pre-1700 myrknase, 1800s– markness (north-eastern), 1800s– mirkness. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: murk adj., -ness suffix. Etymology: < murk adj. + -ness suffix. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Now rare. 1. Intense darkness; (sometimes) spec. darkness caused by fog, smoke, etc. Frequently in murkness of (the) night. Also figurative. Sc. National Dict. at Mirk adj. records the sense as still in use in Shetland and Angus in 1963. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] thesternessc888 thesterc897 murkOE theosterleykc1000 darkc1300 darkheadc1300 murknessa1325 therknessa1325 darknessc1350 tenebres1413 tenebrousa1450 obscurity1481 tenebrosity1490 obscureness1509 dern?a1513 sable?a1513 darksomeness1571 fuliginousness1576 darkishness1583 murksomeness1625 obscure1667 soot1789 tenebrity1789 nightness1839 raylessness1843 lightlessness1845 darkling1882 unlight1883 the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > intense darkness > caused by smoke murknessa1325 murkinessa1425 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3104 Ðhikke ðherknesse cam on ðat lond, Ðat migte non egipcien Abuten him for mirknesse sen. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15860 (MED) Nu er yee cummen to tak me Als in mercknes o night. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 5859 (MED) While þat she [sc. the moon] þere shal houe Bitwene vs and þe sunne aboue, Hir merknesse reueþ fro oure sight Miche of þe sunnes light. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 27 That ilke myrknes, of the quhilk the sternis was blekkit. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 12495 A myste & a merkenes myngit to-gedur. 1607 Let. 3 Mar. in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 99 The said Allaster wes apprehendit, and Johnne, being very evill hurte, by mirknes of the nyght eschaiped. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 463 So thay pairt, the ane army fra the vther, throw mirkness of nicht. 1785 W. Hutton Bran New Wark 340 The mirkness of the neet. 1822 J. Hogg Poet. Wks. II. 133 Poor Connel was blinded, his lugs how they sung! Then mirkness set over his e'en. 1849 Reverberations i. 16 Thro' the mist and thro' the murkness Travels the great human soul. 1889 J. H. Skrine Mem. E. Thring 158 Four legs and a tail were heaved into the mirkness. 1908 C. M. Doughty Adam Cast Forth 15 His Sun have I not seen, since we twain driven Were from the Eden: covers Harisuth Thick murkness. †2. figurative. A benighted state of mind; lack of spiritual or intellectual enlightenment; sorrow, gloom, despair. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] unlustOE sorrowfulnessa1250 heavinessc1275 elengenessec1320 dullnessc1369 tristourc1380 murknessc1390 tristesse1390 faintness1398 ungladnessa1400 droopingc1400 heavity14.. dejectionc1450 terne?a1513 disconsolation1515 descence1526 marea1529 sadness?1537 dumpishness1548 unblessedness1549 dolorousness1553 ruefulness?1574 dolefulness1586 heartlessness1591 languishment1591 mopishness1598 soul-sickness1603 contristation1605 damp1606 gloominess1607 sableness1607 uncheerfulnessa1617 disconsolateness1624 cheerlessnessa1631 dejectedness1633 droopingness1635 disanimation1637 lowness1639 desponsion1641 disconsolacy1646 despondency1653 dispiritedness1654 chagrin1656 demission1656 jawfall1660 weightedness1660 depression1665 disconsolancy1665 grumness1675 despondence1676 despond1678 disheartenednessa1680 glumness1727 low1727 gloom1744 low-spiritedness1754 blue devils1756 black dog1776 humdudgeon1785 blue devilism1787 dispiritude1797 wishtnessc1800 downheartedness1801 blue-devilage1816 dispiritment1827 downcastness1827 depressiveness1832 dolorosity1835 lugubriosity1840 disconsolance1847 down1856 heavy-heartedness1860 lugubriousness1879 sullenness1885 low key1886 melancholia1896 burn-out1903 mokus1924 downness1927 mopiness1927 deflation1933 wallow1934 c1390 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 289 (MED) Þou miȝt liȝtli so falle in to more merknes but ȝif þou were sleih in þi worchynge. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 136 Þis clips..closeth now þe sonne, In menynge þat man shal fro merkenesse [c1400 C text meorknesse] be drawe. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 6114 (MED) Men may calle þat day..Þe day of merryng and of myrkes [read myrknes]. c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 213 (MED) Be-fore ȝisterday was..the day of sorow & of myrknesse. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 12187 (MED) Sydrak, god forȝilde it the Þe lore þat þou has taght me. Fro merkenesse þou hast me broght. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 465 The clud and mirknes of hæresie. 1832 W. Scott Poems Buchan Dial. 197 We'll shun them like a lion's den, An' shudder at their markness. 1885 W. Scrope Salmon Fishing 120 A sudden mirkness cam owre me, and I sat doon on the sod in a cauld sweet. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325
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