muzhikn.

Brit.

/ˈmuː(d)ʒɪk/,

/muːˈʒiːk/, U.S.

/muˈʒik/,

/muˈʒɪk/

Inflections: Plural muzhiks, muzhiki Brit.

/muːʒiːˈkiː/, U.S.

/muʒɪˈki/.

Forms: 1500s mousick, 1500s mousike, 1500s musick, 1700s mugike, 1800s mooshik, 1800s moozheek, 1800s mougik, 1800s– moujik, 1800s– mouzhik, 1800s– mujik, 1800s– mushick, 1800s– muzhik, 1900s– mushik, 1900s– muzjik.

Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian mužik″.

Etymology: < Old Russian mužik″ peasant (1436; Russian mužik ) < muž″ man (compare Old Church Slavonic mǫžĭ , probably ultimately cognate with man n.¹) + -ik″, diminutive suffix. Compare French moujik (1794 or earlier; 1727 as mousique).In form moujik , especially in sense 2 (which is absent in Russian), probably via French moujik. O.E.D. Suppl. (1976) gives only the pronunciation (mū·ʒik) /ˈmuːʒɪk/.

1. Now historical.

a. A Russian peasant or serf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > foreign

muzhik1587

boor1623

raiyat1625

fellah1743

paisanoa1836

campesino1937

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 184 One [licour] called Kuas, whereby the Musick liues.

1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth iii. f. 9^v The marchants & Mousicks (for so they cal the common sort of people) are very much discouraged by..exactions.

1799 Monthly Rev. 30 548 The mugikes, or serfs.

1833 R. Pinkerton Russia 352 Set a mujik at your table, he will soon lay up his legs on it.

1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid III. x. 202 His moujik still wore his sheep-skin wrapped close round his chin.

1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid III. 286 It was a peasant dress from..Vladimir, a Moujik's festive national attire.

1892 Daily News 26 Jan. 6/2 All the mooshiks without exception are workmen.

1934 Discovery Dec. 364/2 The mujiks know that Lenin hath given, but Stalin hath taken away.

1949 I. Deutscher Stalin iii. 67 Eight or nine soldiers out of ten were mouzhiks.

1963 V. Nabokov Gift iv. 216 He began dabbling in propaganda by conversing with mujiks.

1989 E. Gellner Plough, Sword & Bk. 241 The populists who feared the impact of the West did not rhapsodize about the Czar, but about the muzhik.

b. In extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant

unknownc1390

pawnc1450

semi-cipher?1550

bauble1570

Jack with the feather1581

nobody1583

winterling1585

squash1600

rush candle1628

niflec1635

nullity1657

nonentity1710

featherweight1812

underscrub1822

nyaff1825

small fish1836

no-account1840

little fish1846

peanut1864

commonplacer1874

sparrow-fart1886

Little Willie1901

pipsqueak1905

nebbish1907

pie-biter1911

blob1916

smallie1930

no-count1932

zilch1933

Mickey Mouse1935

muzhik1945

nerd1951

nothingburger1953

nerk1955

non-person1959

no-mark1982

1945 A. Huxley Let. 25 Mar. (1969) 516 Tolstoy was an intellectual moujik.

1950 J. Lait & L. Mortimer Chicago: Confidential iii. xxxii. 282 Of course, if you're a muzhik who doesn't care what they think of you..it doesn't matter how you tip.

1961 Observer 10 Dec. 7/2 The most fascinating Khrushchev of all is the high-powered mouzhik, the super kulak.

2. In full muzhik coat. A loose fur cape for a woman. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape > types of > made of specific material

pallOE

rug1591

matchcoat1612

abolla1700

kaross1731

buffalo-robe1804

posteen1815

korowai1820

izar1836

buffalo1840

thatch-cloak1844

parawai1847

kaitaka1882

muzhik1897

burka1898

suba1911

1897 Westm. Gaz. 30 Sept. 3/2 This moujik coat..is..now too popular.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 4 July 3/1 The moujik, that little blouse coat, cut low in the neck and with open fronts [etc.].

3. colloquial. A macho Russian male; a Russian man whose behaviour or interests are stereotypically masculine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun]

churla800

werec900

rinkeOE

wapmanc950

heOE

wyeOE

gomeOE

ledeOE

seggeOE

shalkOE

manOE

carmanlOE

mother bairnc1225

hemea1250

mother sona1250

hind1297

buck1303

mister mana1325

piecec1325

groomc1330

man of mouldc1330

hathela1350

sire1362

malea1382

fellowa1393

guestc1394

sergeant?a1400

tailarda1400

tulka1400

harlotc1405

mother's sona1470

frekea1475

her1488

masculinea1500

gentlemana1513

horse?a1513

mutton?a1513

merchant1549

child1551

dick1553

sorrya1555

knavea1556

dandiprat1556

cove1567

rat1571

manling1573

bird1575

stone-horse1580

loona1586

shaver1592

slave1592

copemate1593

tit1594

dog1597

hima1599

prick1598

dingle-dangle1605

jade1608

dildoa1616

Roger1631

Johnny1648

boy1651

cod1653

cully1676

son of a bitch1697

cull1698

feller1699

chap1704

buff1708

son of a gun1708

buffer1749

codger1750

Mr1753

he-man1758

fella1778

gilla1790

gloak1795

joker1811

gory1819

covey1821

chappie1822

Charley1825

hombre1832

brother-man1839

rooster1840

blokie1841

hoss1843

Joe1846

guy1847

plug1848

chal1851

rye1851

omee1859

bloke1861

guffin1862

gadgie1865

mug1865

kerel1873

stiff1882

snoozer1884

geezer1885

josser1886

dude1895

gazabo1896

jasper1896

prairie dog1897

sport1897

crow-eater1899

papa1903

gink1906

stud1909

scout1912

head1913

beezer1914

jeff1917

pisser1918

bimbo1919

bozo1920

gee1921

mush1936

rye mush1936

basher1942

okie1943

mugger1945

cat1946

ou1949

tess1952

oke1970

bra1974

muzhik1993

1993 Toronto Star 20 June f3/3 By the mid 1980s, the sight of muzhiks—the equivalent of ‘beer guys’—reeling along the streets..was common.

1995 Times (Nexis) 11 Mar. Both men were muzhiks, the traditional Russian macho male, who enjoy sauna baths and drinking sessions.

2001 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 14 Aug. While muzhik historically was the word for a male peasant, in contemporary usage it has the meaning of a ‘man's man’ or ‘tough guy’, and implies a simplicity and roughness of character.

Compounds

General attributive, as muzhik boot, muzhik shirt, etc.

ΚΠ

1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid III. ix. 193 In a Teljéqa, with a trusty moujik driver and four..steeds.

1918 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Mar. 126/2 Tolstoy..inhabiting a mansion but garbed in a muzhik shirt.

1933 D. Thomas Let. 15 Apr. (1987) 115 The composition of my own letter and—best of all—the having of yours, has become the greatest event of the week... No more moujik, stomachic depression.

1947 E. E. Cummings Let. 21 Sept. (1969) 180 Can someone imagine what any moujik coolie or hophead..would sense, upon receiving such a gospel?

1956 O. Welles Mr. Arkadin ii. vii. 161 In his leaky, moujik boots, he..was ready to do whatever was required of him. He sang Russian songs to her.

1966 L. Deighton Billion-dollar Brain ix. 78 ‘Did Harvey tell you he was Slavic?’ ‘He didn't have to, he has a typical moujik face.’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	muzhik
释义	muzhikn. Brit. /ˈmuː(d)ʒɪk/, /muːˈʒiːk/, U.S. /muˈʒik/, /muˈʒɪk/ Inflections: Plural muzhiks, muzhiki Brit. /muːʒiːˈkiː/, U.S. /muʒɪˈki/. Forms: 1500s mousick, 1500s mousike, 1500s musick, 1700s mugike, 1800s mooshik, 1800s moozheek, 1800s mougik, 1800s– moujik, 1800s– mouzhik, 1800s– mujik, 1800s– mushick, 1800s– muzhik, 1900s– mushik, 1900s– muzjik. Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian mužik″. Etymology: < Old Russian mužik″ peasant (1436; Russian mužik ) < muž″ man (compare Old Church Slavonic mǫžĭ , probably ultimately cognate with man n.¹) + -ik″, diminutive suffix. Compare French moujik (1794 or earlier; 1727 as mousique).In form moujik , especially in sense 2 (which is absent in Russian), probably via French moujik. O.E.D. Suppl. (1976) gives only the pronunciation (mū·ʒik) /ˈmuːʒɪk/. 1. Now historical. a. A Russian peasant or serf. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant > foreign muzhik1587 boor1623 raiyat1625 fellah1743 paisanoa1836 campesino1937 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 184 One [licour] called Kuas, whereby the Musick liues. 1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth iii. f. 9^v The marchants & Mousicks (for so they cal the common sort of people) are very much discouraged by..exactions. 1799 Monthly Rev. 30 548 The mugikes, or serfs. 1833 R. Pinkerton Russia 352 Set a mujik at your table, he will soon lay up his legs on it. 1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid III. x. 202 His moujik still wore his sheep-skin wrapped close round his chin. 1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid III. 286 It was a peasant dress from..Vladimir, a Moujik's festive national attire. 1892 Daily News 26 Jan. 6/2 All the mooshiks without exception are workmen. 1934 Discovery Dec. 364/2 The mujiks know that Lenin hath given, but Stalin hath taken away. 1949 I. Deutscher Stalin iii. 67 Eight or nine soldiers out of ten were mouzhiks. 1963 V. Nabokov Gift iv. 216 He began dabbling in propaganda by conversing with mujiks. 1989 E. Gellner Plough, Sword & Bk. 241 The populists who feared the impact of the West did not rhapsodize about the Czar, but about the muzhik. b. In extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant unknownc1390 pawnc1450 semi-cipher?1550 bauble1570 Jack with the feather1581 nobody1583 winterling1585 squash1600 rush candle1628 niflec1635 nullity1657 nonentity1710 featherweight1812 underscrub1822 nyaff1825 small fish1836 no-account1840 little fish1846 peanut1864 commonplacer1874 sparrow-fart1886 Little Willie1901 pipsqueak1905 nebbish1907 pie-biter1911 blob1916 smallie1930 no-count1932 zilch1933 Mickey Mouse1935 muzhik1945 nerd1951 nothingburger1953 nerk1955 non-person1959 no-mark1982 1945 A. Huxley Let. 25 Mar. (1969) 516 Tolstoy was an intellectual moujik. 1950 J. Lait & L. Mortimer Chicago: Confidential iii. xxxii. 282 Of course, if you're a muzhik who doesn't care what they think of you..it doesn't matter how you tip. 1961 Observer 10 Dec. 7/2 The most fascinating Khrushchev of all is the high-powered mouzhik, the super kulak. 2. In full muzhik coat. A loose fur cape for a woman. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape > types of > made of specific material pallOE rug1591 matchcoat1612 abolla1700 kaross1731 buffalo-robe1804 posteen1815 korowai1820 izar1836 buffalo1840 thatch-cloak1844 parawai1847 kaitaka1882 muzhik1897 burka1898 suba1911 1897 Westm. Gaz. 30 Sept. 3/2 This moujik coat..is..now too popular. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 4 July 3/1 The moujik, that little blouse coat, cut low in the neck and with open fronts [etc.]. 3. colloquial. A macho Russian male; a Russian man whose behaviour or interests are stereotypically masculine. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 1993 Toronto Star 20 June f3/3 By the mid 1980s, the sight of muzhiks—the equivalent of ‘beer guys’—reeling along the streets..was common. 1995 Times (Nexis) 11 Mar. Both men were muzhiks, the traditional Russian macho male, who enjoy sauna baths and drinking sessions. 2001 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 14 Aug. While muzhik historically was the word for a male peasant, in contemporary usage it has the meaning of a ‘man's man’ or ‘tough guy’, and implies a simplicity and roughness of character. Compounds General attributive, as muzhik boot, muzhik shirt, etc. ΚΠ 1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid III. ix. 193 In a Teljéqa, with a trusty moujik driver and four..steeds. 1918 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Mar. 126/2 Tolstoy..inhabiting a mansion but garbed in a muzhik shirt. 1933 D. Thomas Let. 15 Apr. (1987) 115 The composition of my own letter and—best of all—the having of yours, has become the greatest event of the week... No more moujik, stomachic depression. 1947 E. E. Cummings Let. 21 Sept. (1969) 180 Can someone imagine what any moujik coolie or hophead..would sense, upon receiving such a gospel? 1956 O. Welles Mr. Arkadin ii. vii. 161 In his leaky, moujik boots, he..was ready to do whatever was required of him. He sang Russian songs to her. 1966 L. Deighton Billion-dollar Brain ix. 78 ‘Did Harvey tell you he was Slavic?’ ‘He didn't have to, he has a typical moujik face.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1587
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