| 释义 |
myadj.int.pron. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: mine adj. Etymology: Variant of mine adj. with loss of final -n, used originally before consonants except h, which ultimately became the universal possesive adjective of the 1st person singular except in archaic or poetic use.Such reduced forms first occur sporadically in early Middle English before consonants except h , in which use they become general in northern varieties of Middle English by the end of the 13th cent., and in other areas during the course of the 14th and 15th centuries, although occasional examples of mine before consonants are found even in the 16th cent. Sporadic use before vowels or h occurs in manuscripts dating from the beginning of the 15th cent. Such use becomes increasingly common in the standard language in the early modern period, with adjectival uses of mine before a vowel becoming rarer in the course of the 17th cent., although it is not until the end of the 18th cent. that my becomes universal as the possessive adjective in the standard language except in archaic or poetic use. Compare mine pron. 1. The following isolated earlier examples of an apparent reduced form (from manuscripts of the West Saxon Gospels of the first half of the 11th cent.) are perhaps the result of scribal carelessness (the repetition of the form in MS Bodley 441 should be seen in the context of a number of shared errors in these manuscripts):OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 16 Se hælend him andswarode & cwæþ: mi [OE Bodl. 441 mi, OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. myn] lar nis na min, ac þæs þe me sende. On processes of differentiation between adjectival and pronominal (or dependent and independent possessive) forms elsewhere in the possessive pronoun system, see note s.v. his pron.1, and compare especially thy adj. and thine pron. The β. forms represent an early development of a weak variant, which fell together with the weak form of me pron.1 and shared its subsequent development of both weak and strong variants. It became usual in many nonstandard dialects. More recently it has often been apprehended as the result of a levelling of functions under a single inflectional form, and therefore grammatically incorrect. The tendency to avoid the weak pronunciation /mɪ/ (still listed in N.E.D. (1908)) in careful speech is perhaps based on this apprehension. The γ form perhaps represents a continuation of the older weak form in standard colloquial English (being old-fashioned or obsolete by the late 20th cent. except in set collocations). Until the end of the 16th cent. my often resulted also from the transference of the n of mine to the following noun or adjective by metanalysis (see N n.), as e.g.:a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 3274 Be þis well sal i habide Quat o mi nerrand [a1400 Fairf. myne errande, a1400 Gött. mine erand, a1400 Trin. Cambr. myn eronde] mai be tide.1535 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 51 A pore pryery, a fundacion off my nawynsetres. A. adj. The possessive adjective corresponding to I pron.For the functions of the possessive pronoun or adjective see his adj. 1. 1. the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > own > mine, my, or our α. c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour (1909) 84 Þe laf þe is sulle is soðlice mi licame. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 225 Ic wille settan mi [OE Royal min] wed betwuxe me and eow. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 157 (MED) Wa is mine saule, þet mi lif þus longe ilest. a1250 Lofsong Louerde in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 213 Mi leofmonnes luft erm halt up min heaued. a1300 in C. Brown (1932) 120 (MED) Hic wot..my lyf an heke my blysse is al þar-hon ylong. c1300 St. Christopher (Harl.) 39 in F. J. Furnivall (1862) 60 (MED) Ich am..in mie seruise & noman seruie y nelle. c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 2997 (MED) Mi wille ȝif y miȝt gete, Þat leuedi wold y se. a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) 4487 (MED) Wid bred þat i bar on mj heued. a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) 9070 (MED) Tak of mij croun. a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) 13568 Mi eien tua. a1400 (c1250) (Egerton) (1966) 85 (MED) For my harme out ȝe me sende. a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 115 Thys lady ys my kynneswoman nye, my awntis doughtir. a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 152 I can do much more whan I se my tyme. c1475 (?c1425) (1984) l. 394 Mi rauunsun is all redy boȝte. c1500 (?a1437) (1939) cxv How long think thay to stand in my disdeyne. 1516 in J. W. Clay (1902) VI. 1 To pray for my soull and myn ancestres. a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Mark i, in tr. (1843) 104 Mi stronger commeth after me, ye latchet of whoos schoo J am not worthi to bow down and louse. 1592 R. Greene sig. D3 Euery one..almost disdained my companie. 1603 W. Shakespeare v. i. 236 A ministring Angell shall my sister be. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán ii. 280 That they might conferre it on a Gentle-mans sonne of good ranke..but my Iunior. 1666 S. Pepys 25 June (1972) VII. 182 Putting on my black stuff Bombazin suit. 1721 J. Strype II. i. xxiii. 188 Yet can I not, without some touch of my estimation,..satisfy the result herein presently. 1723 D. Defoe (ed. 2) 185 It is my Aversion, it fills my..Soul, with Horror. 1788 E. Gibbon IV. Pref. p. vi My time will now be my own. 1855 M. Arnold i. 106 Who will bear my hateful sight in Heaven? 1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style xiv, in 135 I done my duty by Squoire an' I done my duty by all [ed. 1875 has moy]. 1864 B. Brierley i. 14 Off to mi loom. 1888 R. L. Stevenson ii. iii. 120 It is my murderer in the secret passage. 1895 63 663/2 I do not think I am precluded..from forming my own conclusion on this point. 1912 W. James vi. 185 (note) ‘Free will’ was supposed by my critics to involve a supernatural agent. 1915 J. Conrad i. 5 I know that you think it's because of my solitary manner of life. 1949 J. Rhys Dec. (1984) 68 I'm sorry my thanks didn't get to you before. 1963 T. Pynchon iv. 110 She loves my rhinoplasty But the others are schlock. 1984 M. Amis 96 You see, the impulse behind my concept, my outline, it was personal, it had to do with my life. ?a1300 Dame Sirith 209 in G. H. McKnight (1913) 10 (MED) Ilke dai..I..bidde mi pater noster and mi crede. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. 401 (MED) I can nouȝte perfitly my pater-noster as þe prest it syngeth. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne ii. viii. 230 I was the..most leadden-pated to learne my lesson. 1668 J. Dryden ii. 20 Sir J. Dost thou not know the Contents on't? Landl. Yes, as well as I do my Pater noster. 1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage III. vii. i. 5 I lay in ambush..and sure enough perceived my man enter. 1760 L. Sterne II. xiv. 89 Tam citus erat, quam erat ventus; which, unless I have forgot my Latin, is, that it was as swift as the wind itself. 1799 H. K. White Let. Sept. in (1807) I. 62 I leave [the office] at eight in the evening; then attend my Latin until nine. 1808 P. Hawker (1893) I. 13 I brought down my bird every shot. 1871 B. P. Patrick Let. 9 Feb. in W. A. Patrick & B. P. Patrick (1988) 63 I have only heard the results of two of my examinations—Greek and Chemistry. 1897 B. Stoker i. 4 He..pretended that he could not understand my German. 1918 W. Cather i. vii. 53 I stole furtive glances behind me now and then to see that no avenging mate, older and bigger than my quarry, was racing up from the rear. 1969 J. Rathbone xix. 149 My aim was to find somewhere to live..in the Azeri way. 1991 (BNC) 27 June 16 It took a long time for me to get my Gold Award because some of the tasks were very difficult. c1390 G. Chaucer 4479 But trewely, the cause of my comynge Was oonly for to herkne how that ye synge. c1395 G. Chaucer 1041 To my supposynge She koude nat aduersitee endure. a1450 (1885) 172 Men are so dull þat my preching Serues of noght. ?1578 W. Patten 85 My wanton warblz, my running, my tyming, my tuning and my twynkling. 1676 C. Beale Pocket-bk. in H. Walpole (1763) III. i. 74 I gave Mr. Manby two ounces of very good lake of my making, and one ounce and half of pink. 1683 T. Robinson in J. Ray et al. (1718) 153 Since my coming to Montpellier I have seen several Scorpions creeping on the Walls. 1684 J. Narborough (1711) i. 24 At my coming in with the Land. 1687 Bp. G. Burnet 123 He cannot bear my saying that such matters were above men of his form. 1719 D. Defoe 362 For almost seven Years she prevented my running Abroad. 1751 Mem. Lady of Quality in T. Smollett III. lxxxviii. 73 Lord W—m..was waiting in expectation of my coming, and might..imagine I was playing the jilt. 1760 Lady M. W. Montagu 12 Feb. (1967) III. 232 I see you laugh..at the vanity of my supposing any thing valuable in my scribble scrabbles. 1775 M. Delany (1862) 2nd Ser. II. 108 My over-caution..prevented my doing just what you wanted. 1827 B. Disraeli III. v. ii. 24 I see you smile at my supposing a horseman unbreakfasted. 1844 A. W. Kinglake xviii. 287 My coming from an infected city did not occasion him the least uneasiness. 1850 L. Powell Let. 24 Oct. in W. Raeper (1987) viii. 80 I suppose she was afraid of my seeing your letters. 1874 T. Hardy I. iv. 44 Well, there's no use in my waiting, for that was all I came about. 1919 G. B. Shaw Heartbreak House ii, in 46 My mother married a very good man and..she is not at all keen on my doing the same. 1927 E. Bowen viii. 89 If you'll understand my saying anything so extraordinary. 1966 I. Murdoch ii. 19 That Peshkov boy..seems to me a natural delinquent, if you don't mind my being rude about one of your former pupils. 1988 27 Nov. 26/5 After my protesting, we were advised to get off and wait for another bus. 1592 F. Moryson Let. in (1617) i. 37 I knew where my Gentlemans shooe wrung him. 1653 H. More ii. i. 43 I would have my Atheist to take Shipping with me. 1817 S. T. Coleridge I. x. 170 My taper man of lights listened with..praise-worthy patience. 1781 M. P. Andrews iii. ii. 35 This is not my day, positively... That aukward girl..has put me out of spirits, as well as out of countenance. 1920 J. Masefield 84 I was only my shadow, it was not my day. 1976 22 Dec. 1/6 ‘This has not been my week,’ said Valda after she left hospital today. 1991 N. Gordimer (1992) 186 This just isn't my day..my car's stuck in a parking garage. 2. Used vocatively. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 79 Cum to me mi leofmon. c1300 (c1250) (Cambr.) (1966) l. 3 Mi sone..haue þis ring. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. i. 10 My sone..ne assente thou to them. c1390 G. Chaucer 3699 My faire bryd, me swete cynamome, Awaketh, lemman myn. c1480 (a1400) St. Alexis 418 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 453 My dere sone gud. 1535 Song of Sol. v. 2 O my sister, my loue, my doue, my derlinge. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil iii. 58 Take, myeboy, theese tokens by myn owne hands finnished holye. 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio II. vii. ix. f. 54 Oh my friend (quoth I) I am in feare of a greater iudgement then this. 1658 R. Moray 21 Mar. My bairn. c1720 M. Prior 4 Twang goes the bow, my Girls, have at your hearts. 1767 ‘Coriat Junior’ I. 425 My good gentlemen and lady-connoisseurs. 1816 W. Scott I. viii. 176 ‘Farewell, my father!’ murmured Isabel. 1862 G. Meredith 23 June (1970) I. 152 B. Wyse came the other day..and hoped for forgive miss: ‘Me deer Mardith’, etc.! 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato I. 23 But consider how monstrous this is, my friend. 1901 M. Franklin x. 84 Now it's your turn, me fine lady. 1935 J. Steinbeck v. 73 These cheap white girls are vicious, my friend. 1951 C. Hare viii. 87 ‘Surely we can have the path cleared as far as that?’ ‘Who by, my good woman? Who by?’ 1973 Sept. 64 (title) Sleep mi black gal, sleep. 1990 1 Sept. (Mag.) 18/3 Don't call me Sir, my good man. 2000 23 July (Money section) 5/7 I often have to shove bits of paper under her pretty nose and say: ‘Sign here, my treasure.’ a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer (1987) iv. 1537 For thilke day that I..Be fals to yow, my Troilus. 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. sig. L.iii Henceforth (my Poins) this shalbe all and summe These wretched foles shall haue nought els of me. 1580 Sir P. Sidney Let. 25 Mar. in (1968) III. 128 My Akey i thanke yow as muche as your love and my gratefullness requyer. 1605 B. Jonson iv What, my Gallus? Be lewd Seianus Strumpet? View more context for this quotation 1673 J. Dryden iv. ii. 57 Now die, my Alexis, and I will die too. 1733 A. Pope 1 Awake! my Lælius. 1793 W. Cowper 16 Thy sight now seconds not thy will, My Mary! a1817 J. Austen (1818) I. xv. 282 You will be so infinitely dearer to me, my Catherine, than either Anne or Maria. View more context for this quotation 1878 T. Hardy I. i. vi. 142 I know you too well, my Eustacia. 1920 D. H. Lawrence xxix. 466 You be beautiful, my Gerald, and reckless. c1390 (?c1350) St. Bernard 1146 in C. Horstmann (1878) 60 Þreo þinges loke ye kepe al way, Þat I haue kept in my liuyng, As I leeue to my wityng. c1390 (Vernon) 250 Iwis I wraþþed þe neuere, at my witand, Neiþer in word ne in werk. a1450 (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 1409 (MED) At my witting, by my will I trespased neuer. a1500 (?c1450) 12 Yef euer man, my witynge, hadde to do with me. a1595 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. 399 Wt Violet, to, gif ye haif ado, It meites lyk stemmyne to yor theis; Seure, be my witting, not brunt in the litting, Suppois baith laidis and lymeris leis. 1621 J. Taylor D 4 At Primefisto..at My-sow-pigg'd, and..Looke about ye. 1732 M. Delany (1861) I. 385 Played at my lady's hole, supped, and went early to bed. 1770 F. Burney (1988) I. 121 Mr. Seton & myself declined Playing—I never do but at Pope Joan, my lady's hole, or my sow's Pig'd! c1860 20 My Grandmother's Clock. 1985 I. Opie & P. Opie V. xxxvi. 177 My Man John. 1993 I. Opie 88 My Black Cat. B. int. [Compare use in exclamatory phrases, sense A. 2c, A. 1d.] the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection] 1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo (1709) 350 Such Words and Sayings are a Discredit to your self..: As for Instance,..my Whither d'ye go. 1825 J. Jamieson Suppl. My, denoting great surprise. 1825 J. Neal 107 ‘Oh, my!’—‘nation!’—‘yah! how they pulled foot, when they seed us commin'.’ 1840 F. Trollope I. xi. 279 What a bonnet!—my! 1849 J. W. Carlyle II. 69 When she did take in the immense fact, oh, my! if she didn't show feeling enough. 1875 ‘M. Twain’ in Aug. 195/2 My, what a race I 've had! 1965 M. Allingham Pref. 12 I am..an intuitive writer whose intellect trots along behind..saying ‘Oh my!’ 1976 14 Oct. 29/2 My, how those investors in insurance shares have had their bank balances hit by ‘rights’ issues. 1844 Jan. 51/1 My, oh my!—oh, my curse upon that crane; divil a one of 'em will have me by rason av it. 1887 Jan. 439/2 So they came, and if they did not improve, my, my! 1909 A. Bierce VI. 376 When they came to testify Of that bad plaintiff—my, O my! 1910 W. Boyle i. 14 My, O my! What's this for? 1986 26 May 77/2 My my and here I am out where I can't even get a case of Scotch to celebrate. C. pron.1889 Sept. 357/2 Have you got a broody hen for that setting of eggs? Don't, I can lend you my. 1921 E. Gepp Suppl. II. 18 ‘That's jes' like one o' my,’ ‘that aint a bit like the one up at my’ (my house). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmasm.y. 1943 64 465 Kolm is discussed thoroughly and its age calculated to be 442 MY. 1963 119 137 The rocks concerned range in age from 1055 to 1700 m.y. (radiometric dating). 1995 C. Nielsen v. 35 The fossil record goes back to the Upper Vendian about 600 m.y. ago. <  adj.int.pron.c1175as lemmas |
