mycoplasman.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈplazmə/, U.S.

/ˈˌmaɪkoʊˈˌplæzmə/

Inflections: Plural mycoplasmas, mycoplasmata Brit.

/ˌmʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈplazmətə/, U.S.

/ˌmaɪkəˈplæzmətə/.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: myco- comb. form, plasma n.

Etymology: < myco- comb. form + plasma n.; in sense 1 after German Mykoplasma (B. Frank Ueber die Pilzsymbiose der Leguminoseen (1890) 14); in sense 2 after scientific Latin Mycoplasma (J. Nowak 1929, in Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur 43 1349).

Microbiology.

1. = mycoplasm n. 1. Now disused or historical.

ΚΠ

1895 Amer. Naturalist 29 899 The author cannot agree with Frank that the Y-form consists of broken down mycoplasma, for, upon being placed in hanging drops, these Y's break up into motile bacilli.

1904 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 196 31 The hypothetical mixture of cell-protoplasm and infective substance he [sc. Eriksson] terms ‘mycoplasma’.

1911 Bot. Gaz. 60 415 Eriksson's main contention is that the fungus is distributed in the mycoplasma state with the seed.

2. Any microorganism of the genus Mycoplasma, comprising very small pleomorphic prokaryotes which are bounded by a trilaminar membrane and lack a cell wall, and which are parasites and pathogens of humans, other mammals, and birds; (in form Mycoplasma) the genus itself. Also: any member of the order Mycoplasmatales or class Mollicutes, which includes this and several related genera. Originally called pleuropneumonia-like organism, PPLO.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > other micro-organisms > [noun]

aerobian1865

anaerobian1865

microzyme1870

mycetes1874

pathogen1880

zooxanthella1882

aerobe1883

anaerobe1883

zymad1885

pathogerm1897

phytoflagellate1902

filter-passer1906

aerophile1907

zymocytea1909

fermenter1918

phytopathogen1918

phytomonad1926

pleuropneumonia-like organism1935

phototroph1941

mycoplasma1955

prokaryote1963

mycoplasm1964

serovar1973

spiroplasma1973

prokaryon1975

ureaplasma1975

1955 Internat. Bull. Bacteriol. Nomencl. & Taxonomy 5 15 The older generic names Asterococcus, Coccobacillus, and Micromyces are unavailable. As next in priority sequence Mycoplasma apparently is, therefore, the legitimate name of the genus.

1960 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 14 140 (heading) Nutrition, metabolism, and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas.

1963 New Scientist 25 Apr. 200/2 We know, too, of organisms (the mycoplasmata) which multiply inside cells.

1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. i. 7 The smallest free-living organisms are the mycoplasmas. These minute cells, the smallest of which are only 1,000 Å in diameter, have been isolated from soil and have been identified as the infective agent in various animal infections.

1973 Times 14 July 1/2 In the United States the term ‘viral pneumonia’ usually means a lung infection with mycoplasma, an organism intermediate between bacteria and viruses.

1981 Sci. Amer. June 102/3 Thermoplasma, the other genus of thermoacidophile, has so far been found only in smoldering piles of coal tailings. It is a mycoplasma: it has no cell wall but merely the limiting cell membrane.

1991 Lancet 5 Jan. 21/2 Mycoplasmas are notorious for being difficult-to-eradicate contaminants of cell cultures.

2000 A. Karlen Biogr. of Germ (2001) xii. 81 Certain minute microbes (rickettsia and mycoplasmas) were thought to represent a primitive stage between viruses and bacteria.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mycoplasma
释义	mycoplasman. Brit. /ˌmʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈplazmə/, U.S. /ˈˌmaɪkoʊˈˌplæzmə/ Inflections: Plural mycoplasmas, mycoplasmata Brit. /ˌmʌɪkə(ʊ)ˈplazmətə/, U.S. /ˌmaɪkəˈplæzmətə/. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: myco- comb. form, plasma n. Etymology: < myco- comb. form + plasma n.; in sense 1 after German Mykoplasma (B. Frank Ueber die Pilzsymbiose der Leguminoseen (1890) 14); in sense 2 after scientific Latin Mycoplasma (J. Nowak 1929, in Ann. de l'Inst. Pasteur 43 1349). Microbiology. 1. = mycoplasm n. 1. Now disused or historical. ΚΠ 1895 Amer. Naturalist 29 899 The author cannot agree with Frank that the Y-form consists of broken down mycoplasma, for, upon being placed in hanging drops, these Y's break up into motile bacilli. 1904 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 196 31 The hypothetical mixture of cell-protoplasm and infective substance he [sc. Eriksson] terms ‘mycoplasma’. 1911 Bot. Gaz. 60 415 Eriksson's main contention is that the fungus is distributed in the mycoplasma state with the seed. 2. Any microorganism of the genus Mycoplasma, comprising very small pleomorphic prokaryotes which are bounded by a trilaminar membrane and lack a cell wall, and which are parasites and pathogens of humans, other mammals, and birds; (in form Mycoplasma) the genus itself. Also: any member of the order Mycoplasmatales or class Mollicutes, which includes this and several related genera. Originally called pleuropneumonia-like organism, PPLO. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > other micro-organisms > [noun] aerobian1865 anaerobian1865 microzyme1870 mycetes1874 pathogen1880 zooxanthella1882 aerobe1883 anaerobe1883 zymad1885 pathogerm1897 phytoflagellate1902 filter-passer1906 aerophile1907 zymocytea1909 fermenter1918 phytopathogen1918 phytomonad1926 pleuropneumonia-like organism1935 phototroph1941 mycoplasma1955 prokaryote1963 mycoplasm1964 serovar1973 spiroplasma1973 prokaryon1975 ureaplasma1975 1955 Internat. Bull. Bacteriol. Nomencl. & Taxonomy 5 15 The older generic names Asterococcus, Coccobacillus, and Micromyces are unavailable. As next in priority sequence Mycoplasma apparently is, therefore, the legitimate name of the genus. 1960 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 14 140 (heading) Nutrition, metabolism, and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas. 1963 New Scientist 25 Apr. 200/2 We know, too, of organisms (the mycoplasmata) which multiply inside cells. 1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. i. 7 The smallest free-living organisms are the mycoplasmas. These minute cells, the smallest of which are only 1,000 Å in diameter, have been isolated from soil and have been identified as the infective agent in various animal infections. 1973 Times 14 July 1/2 In the United States the term ‘viral pneumonia’ usually means a lung infection with mycoplasma, an organism intermediate between bacteria and viruses. 1981 Sci. Amer. June 102/3 Thermoplasma, the other genus of thermoacidophile, has so far been found only in smoldering piles of coal tailings. It is a mycoplasma: it has no cell wall but merely the limiting cell membrane. 1991 Lancet 5 Jan. 21/2 Mycoplasmas are notorious for being difficult-to-eradicate contaminants of cell cultures. 2000 A. Karlen Biogr. of Germ (2001) xii. 81 Certain minute microbes (rickettsia and mycoplasmas) were thought to represent a primitive stage between viruses and bacteria. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1895
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