myelinn.²

Brit.

/ˈmʌɪᵻlɪn/, U.S.

/ˈmaɪəl(ə)n/

Forms: 1800s– myelin, 1800s– myeline.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: myelo- comb. form, -in suffix¹.

Etymology: < myelo- comb. form + -in suffix¹, after German Myelin (R. Virchow 1854, in Arch. f. pathol. Anat. u. Physiol. u. f. klinische Med. 6 571). Compare French myéline (1865). Compare also myelin n.¹ and Hellenistic Greek μυέλινος marrowy.

Biology.

The substance, consisting of a complex mixture of phospholipids and proteins, that constitutes an insulating layer or sheath around many nerve fibres and that is responsible for the colour of the white matter of the central nervous system; (also) a particular form or type of this substance (rare). Also: any of various substances (chiefly phospholipids from animal or plant cells) that are capable in certain conditions of forming tubular lamellar structures thought to resemble myelin sheaths (now rare except in myelin figure n. at Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > parts of nerves > [noun] > sheath of Schwann

neurilemma1825

medulla1839

myelin1866

sheath of Schwann1874

1866 Proc. Royal Soc. 15 317 When to myeline in its dry amorphous state water is added, slender tubes are seen to shoot forth from all free margins. These are sometimes wonderfully like nerve-tubes in appearance.

1867 Biennial Retrospect (New Sydenham Soc.) 11 The peculiar substance termed by Virchow, myeline substance..appears to be derivable from protagon.

1878 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 12 171 The ‘medullary sheath of Schwann’ is better called simply myelin.

1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi 300 The motile formations observed in Beneke's myelin (protagon-mixtures).

1893 Philos. Trans. 1892 (Royal Soc.) B. 183 5 The hemisection seemed complete, but this could not be determined owing to the soft myelin oozing out at the lesion.

1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 8 800 Flechsig..has established the order of appearance of myeline in the nerve fibers.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxviii. 1070 Within twenty-four hours the myelin of the medullary sheath commences to lose its straight, regular outline and to exhibit an irregular appearance.

1970 A. N. Davison & A. Peters Myelination p. vi Early myelin, composed of unchanged neuroglial plasma membrane, undergoes gradual transition to adult myelin by the incorporation of cerebroside.

1986 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 1111/1 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) rodent myelins..share common morphological and functional characteristics although their major integral membrane proteins are completely different.

1991 Pulse 6 Apr. 38 (caption) The destruction of myelin in MS [= multiple sclerosis]..seems to be caused by an immunological attack in which the myelin is digested by macrophages.

2000 New Scientist 15 Apr. 9/1 The drug, glatiramer acetate (GA), seemed to protect the nerves of animals with MS-like diseases, presumably by attracting immune system cells that would otherwise attack myelin.

Compounds

myelin figure n. a cylindrical or tubular structure formed in water by a bilayer of amphiphilic or hydrophobic molecules, esp. phospholipids; (also) a similar structure in the cytoplasm or an organelle of a cell.

ΚΠ

1906 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 78 366 A trace of neurin (cholin) added to the above mixture [of protagon and oleic acid] results in the production of exquisite myelin figures.

1945 Q. Rev. Biol. 20 10/1 His explanation for this behavior was that the lipoids in the shell of the Golgi apparatus gave rise to the myelin figures.

1983 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 735 189 In a magnetic field of up to 7 kG, myelin figures of the egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine/water system were oriented because of the diamagnetic anisotropy of the molecules.

2001 Leukemia Res. 25 385 In all patients extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and myelin figures in erythroblasts were demonstrated.

myelin form n. = myelin figure n.

ΚΠ

1867 Jrnl. Anat. 1 359 So-called Myeline-forms (rounded and elongated bodies with double contours, resembling nerve-tubes).

1895 Science 1 Mar. 247/2 (heading) On the voluntary formation of hollow bubbles, foam and myelin forms by the alkaline oleates.

1912 J. McKendrick Princ. Physiol. ii. 26 These myelin forms..are instructive, as showing lifelike movements in dead matter.

1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells vi. 234 If..the fourth and lightest fraction..of a centrifuged liver homogenate is treated with Nile blue sulphate only, not myelin forms, but characteristic Golgi networks of aggregated lipoid droplets are produced.

myelin sheath n. Anatomy the covering of myelin found around the axons of certain nerve fibres, formed in the peripheral nervous system by Schwann cells and in the central nervous system by oligodendrocytes.

ΚΠ

1892 Philos. Trans. 1891 (Royal Soc.) B. 182 161 There is no change in the staining of the myeline sheath.

1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) ii. 25 Each axon is covered by a nucleated coat or neurilemma: there is no myelin sheath as in vertebrates.

1999 New Scientist 14 Aug. 39/3 The Schwann cells migrated along the existing pathways and into the injury site and formed myelin sheaths.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	myelin
释义	myelinn.¹ Brit. /ˈmʌɪᵻlɪn/, U.S. /ˈmaɪəl(ə)n/ Forms: 1800s– myelin, 1900s– myeline. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Myelin. Etymology: < German Myelin (A. Breithaupt Vollständiges Handb. der Mineralogie (1841) II. 358) < myelo- myelo- comb. form + -in -ine suffix⁵. Compare Hellenistic Greek μυέλινος marrowy. Mineralogy. Now historical. A white mineral with a yellowish or reddish tinge, now regarded as identical with kaolinite. ΚΠ 1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) 250 Myelin of Breithaupt (Talksteinmark) is from Rochlitz. 1872 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 25 989 The lithomarge from Rochlitz in Saxony, known as myelin. 1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 476/2 Myelin, syn. of kaolinite. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). myelinn.² Brit. /ˈmʌɪᵻlɪn/, U.S. /ˈmaɪəl(ə)n/ Forms: 1800s– myelin, 1800s– myeline. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: myelo- comb. form, -in suffix¹. Etymology: < myelo- comb. form + -in suffix¹, after German Myelin (R. Virchow 1854, in Arch. f. pathol. Anat. u. Physiol. u. f. klinische Med. 6 571). Compare French myéline (1865). Compare also myelin n.¹ and Hellenistic Greek μυέλινος marrowy. Biology. The substance, consisting of a complex mixture of phospholipids and proteins, that constitutes an insulating layer or sheath around many nerve fibres and that is responsible for the colour of the white matter of the central nervous system; (also) a particular form or type of this substance (rare). Also: any of various substances (chiefly phospholipids from animal or plant cells) that are capable in certain conditions of forming tubular lamellar structures thought to resemble myelin sheaths (now rare except in myelin figure n. at Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > parts of nerves > [noun] > sheath of Schwann neurilemma1825 medulla1839 myelin1866 sheath of Schwann1874 1866 Proc. Royal Soc. 15 317 When to myeline in its dry amorphous state water is added, slender tubes are seen to shoot forth from all free margins. These are sometimes wonderfully like nerve-tubes in appearance. 1867 Biennial Retrospect (New Sydenham Soc.) 11 The peculiar substance termed by Virchow, myeline substance..appears to be derivable from protagon. 1878 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 12 171 The ‘medullary sheath of Schwann’ is better called simply myelin. 1887 H. E. F. Garnsey & I. B. Balfour tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi 300 The motile formations observed in Beneke's myelin (protagon-mixtures). 1893 Philos. Trans. 1892 (Royal Soc.) B. 183 5 The hemisection seemed complete, but this could not be determined owing to the soft myelin oozing out at the lesion. 1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 8 800 Flechsig..has established the order of appearance of myeline in the nerve fibers. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxviii. 1070 Within twenty-four hours the myelin of the medullary sheath commences to lose its straight, regular outline and to exhibit an irregular appearance. 1970 A. N. Davison & A. Peters Myelination p. vi Early myelin, composed of unchanged neuroglial plasma membrane, undergoes gradual transition to adult myelin by the incorporation of cerebroside. 1986 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 1111/1 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) rodent myelins..share common morphological and functional characteristics although their major integral membrane proteins are completely different. 1991 Pulse 6 Apr. 38 (caption) The destruction of myelin in MS [= multiple sclerosis]..seems to be caused by an immunological attack in which the myelin is digested by macrophages. 2000 New Scientist 15 Apr. 9/1 The drug, glatiramer acetate (GA), seemed to protect the nerves of animals with MS-like diseases, presumably by attracting immune system cells that would otherwise attack myelin. Compounds myelin figure n. a cylindrical or tubular structure formed in water by a bilayer of amphiphilic or hydrophobic molecules, esp. phospholipids; (also) a similar structure in the cytoplasm or an organelle of a cell. ΚΠ 1906 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 78 366 A trace of neurin (cholin) added to the above mixture [of protagon and oleic acid] results in the production of exquisite myelin figures. 1945 Q. Rev. Biol. 20 10/1 His explanation for this behavior was that the lipoids in the shell of the Golgi apparatus gave rise to the myelin figures. 1983 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 735 189 In a magnetic field of up to 7 kG, myelin figures of the egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine/water system were oriented because of the diamagnetic anisotropy of the molecules. 2001 Leukemia Res. 25 385 In all patients extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and myelin figures in erythroblasts were demonstrated. myelin form n. = myelin figure n. ΚΠ 1867 Jrnl. Anat. 1 359 So-called Myeline-forms (rounded and elongated bodies with double contours, resembling nerve-tubes). 1895 Science 1 Mar. 247/2 (heading) On the voluntary formation of hollow bubbles, foam and myelin forms by the alkaline oleates. 1912 J. McKendrick Princ. Physiol. ii. 26 These myelin forms..are instructive, as showing lifelike movements in dead matter. 1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells vi. 234 If..the fourth and lightest fraction..of a centrifuged liver homogenate is treated with Nile blue sulphate only, not myelin forms, but characteristic Golgi networks of aggregated lipoid droplets are produced. myelin sheath n. Anatomy the covering of myelin found around the axons of certain nerve fibres, formed in the peripheral nervous system by Schwann cells and in the central nervous system by oligodendrocytes. ΚΠ 1892 Philos. Trans. 1891 (Royal Soc.) B. 182 161 There is no change in the staining of the myeline sheath. 1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) ii. 25 Each axon is covered by a nucleated coat or neurilemma: there is no myelin sheath as in vertebrates. 1999 New Scientist 14 Aug. 39/3 The Schwann cells migrated along the existing pathways and into the injury site and formed myelin sheaths. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1854n.²1866
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myelinn.1

myelinn.2

Compounds

myelinn.¹

myelinn.²