| 释义 |
balladn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French balade, ballade. Etymology: < Middle French balade song for dancing (late 13th cent. in Old French; mid 13th cent. in Old French as barade ), lyric poem consisting of three strophes, each ending with the same refrain (c1341: see ballade n.), Middle French, French ballade (16th cent.; 1836 in sense ‘piece of instrumental music’ in the title of a composition for piano by Chopin: see ballade n.) < Old Occitan balada dance, song for dancing, sung poem (early 13th cent.; late 12th cent. as ballada ; 1288 as balade ; Occitan balada ) < balar to dance (see bale v.1) + -ada -ade suffix. Attested earlier in the specialized senses which are now distinguished in form as ballade n. Compare Old French balete , balaide , ballaite song for dancing (c1320), Catalan ballada dance, dancing (c1400), Portuguese bailada dancing, dance, lyric poetry or song of the troubadours (13th cent.), cognate with Old Occitan balada . Compare also post-classical Latin ballada form of dance music (1326 in a British source), Catalan balada (medieval) lyric poem or song (13th cent.), popular narrative poem or song on a historical or legendary subject (1857), Spanish balada Provençal poetic composition (c1430, now obsolete in this sense), popular narrative poem or song on a historical or legendary subject (1834), Portuguese balada epic musical composition, poem on a historical or legendary subject, lyric poem consisting of three strophes, each ending with the same refrain, etc. (1890), Italian ballata popular lyric poem or song (of a particular metre) for dancing (1294; 1309 as balata ), all < Old Occitan. Compare earlier ballade n. and discussion at that entry.Forms with final -at , -ate , and -et are common until the 18th cent., and apparently show remodelling of the unfamiliar ending -ad , -ade , perhaps partly after words in -ate suffix1 and -et suffix1 (as e.g. sonnet n.) respectively, although compare also the Middle French variants in -ete , -aite noted above. Compare, with similar remodelling of the same ending, forms at salad n. Spellings in -ant show further remodelling of these forms, perhaps after words in -ant suffix1. The prevalence of the headword spelling from the 18th cent. was perhaps motivated in part by the need to distinguish this word < ballet n.1 (compare 17th-cent. forms at that entry). Compare also ballett n., which is difficult to distinguish from this word in the early modern period. 1. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > ballad 1458 in J. Raine (1855) II. 213 (MED) j librum vocatum unum Balettboke. 1492 in Michelet 218 For the singyn of a ballat to the King. c1500 Mayd Emlyn in (1842) 16 We do nought togyder, But prycked balades synge. 1521 in (1830) I. 10 Mr. Almoner, in hys sermone, broght in the balates off ‘Passe tyme with goodde cumpanye,’ and ‘I love unlovydde.’ 1568 (heading) The ballet of ballets of Solomon. 1589 G. Puttenham i. xx. 35 Ballades of praise called Encomia. 1665 S. Pepys 2 Jan. (1972) VI. 2 I occasioned much mirth with a ballet I brought with me, made from the seamen at sea to their ladies in town [i.e. Ld. Dorset's ‘To all you Ladies’]. 1770 O. Goldsmith 244 No more the woodman's ballad shall prevail. 1815 W. Scott II. xvi. 207 But they [sc. the smugglers] stick to it, that they'll..hae an auld wife when they're dying to rhyme ower prayers, and ballants, and charms,..rather than they'll hae a minister to come and pray wi' them. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud v. i, in 22 She is singing an air that is known to me, A passionate ballad gallant and gay. 1898 A. Bennett xxi. 191 The song was a mediocre drawing-room ballad. 1906 A. Bennett x. 367 The power of the drawing-room ballad rendered by a few fiddlers in the warm obscurity of an August evening. 1927 Aug. 768 (advt.) ‘Morning’, Fox-trot Ballad by Pat Thayer. 1979 D. Campbell in J. Hendry (1985) 67 Fient a bard'll scrieve a ballant for a strumpet when she's deid. 2002 (Nexis) 9 Feb. (Weekend section) 50 In the now empty tango halls, 100-year-old ballads are lamentations of better times, lost loves and unimaginable sorrows. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > jocular or mocking 1554 in J. D. Marwick (1871) II. 199 Ballattis of defamatioun. 1556 in J. G. Nichols (1852) 57 Many ballyttes made of dyvers partys agayne the blyssyd sacrament. 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. ii. 47 I wil haue it in a particular ballad else, with mine owne picture on the top on't. View more context for this quotation 1602 (Arb.) i. ii. 10 Who makes a ballet for an ale-house doore. 1704 A. Fletcher 9 Tempted to all manner of Lewdness by infamous Ballads sung in every corner of the Streets..I know a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to make all the Ballads, he need not care who should make the Laws of a Nation. 1712 J. Addison No. 70. ¶3 The old Song of Chevy Chase is the favourite Ballad of the common People of England. 1716 A. Pope 18 Resolv'd, That a Ballad be made against Mr. Pope. 1782 C. Burney II. 343 (note) The English Ballad, has long been..confined to a low species of song. 1789 D. Sillar 236 An' tell them too, I'll never grudge them, A rantin' ballat tae oblige them. 1825 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xix, in Mar. 366 A beuk o' auld ballants, as yellow as the cowslips. 1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ I. 10 A slight dark girl is singing an old English Ballad. 1941 L. MacNeice viii. 167 Irish folk songs and street ballads. 1991 16 Dec. 98/1 William Berney's play, based on the ballad of Barbara Allen. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [noun] > ballad 1670 J. Milton v. 229 The Song..(for..he refus'd not the autority of Ballats for want of better).] 1751 S. Johnson No. 177. ⁋9 Cantilenus turned all his thoughts upon old ballads..He offered to shew me a copy of the Children in the Wood. 1783 W. Cowper 4 Aug. (1981) II. 155 The Ballad is a species of poetry, I believe, peculiar to this country... Simplicity and Ease are its proper characteristics. 1817 S. T. Coleridge The Bard..who made The grand old ballad of Sir Patrick Spence. 1858 H. W. Longfellow Children in 210 Ye are better than all the ballads That ever were sung or said; For ye are living poems, And all the rest are dead. a1862 H. T. Buckle (1872) I. 161 All history is at first poetry, i.e. ballads. 1870 A. C. Swinburne in May 565 The highest form of ballad requires from a poet at once narrative power, lyrical, and dramatic. 1898 O. Wilde (title) The Ballad of Reading Gaol. 1933 27 Jan. 8/5 Charles Mackay's fine ballad of ‘Tubal Cain’. 2002 91 91 Students were asked to complete an anthology of ten poems that contained an elegy, a ballad, a sonnet, and a poem that described a place. society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > other types of piece 1944 B. Crosby in 21 May As to what makes a ballad or sentimental song good—it's a perfect wedding of words and music, as witness ‘White Christmas’. 1959 20 Dec. (Parade section) 8/1 Roger has been chosen to popularize the ballad, ‘slow, dreamy love songs’. 1973 S. Propes 3 Rhythm and blues collectors tend to attach the greatest value to the slow, sweetly romantic ballad. 1985 I. Gitler (1987) Introd. 5 When Bird or Lester Young..played a romantic ballad, you put your arms around your partner, moved to the music, and got groovy. 2005 (Nexis) 10 Sept. (Weekend Suppl.) 14 They toured the world with other boy bands, tried not to sing naff, soppy ballads, sang naff, upbeat numbers instead. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > song for dancing 1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in (1998) I. 188 And sang ballettis with michty notis clere. Ladyes to dance full sobirly assayit. 1545 R. Ascham i. f. 9v These balades & roundes, these galiardes, pauanes and daunces. 1549 J. Olde tr. Erasmus v. 19 That can stirre vs, not to wanton dauncynges or folyshe ballettes. 1616 B. Jonson Love Restored 14 in I Vnlesse wee should come in like a Morrice-dance, and whistle our ballat our selues. 1929 L. Spence in W. H. Hamilton 174 Awa' wi' yer diddles on the pipes and the fiddles, Awa' wi' yer ballats and yer flings sae free! the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > proverb > [noun] > in verse 1529 T. More i. xxxi. f. xlviiv Than haue we well walked after ye balade, The ferther I go ye more behynde. 1546 J. Heywood ii. v. sig. H Spend, & god shall sende..saith thold balet. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. iii. 60 For I the Ballad will repeate, which men full true shall finde, your marriage comes by destinie, your Cuckow sings by kinde. View more context for this quotation Compounds C1. 1458Balettboke [see sense 1a]. ?1499 J. Skelton (de Worde) sig. Bi A balade boke before me for to laye. 1800 M. Edgeworth 77 Snatching up my ballad book..which lay in the window. 1914 W. Owen 8 Aug. (1967) 273 (note) I had begun to believe all romance contained between the two covers of a ballad-book. 1997 (Nexis) 6 Apr. f2 This engaging biography, discography, and ballad book of the legendary..folk music wizard, Lunsford. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [noun] > ballad > ballad-form 1791 J. Ritson vii. 116 The reader will find a different copy of the poem, more in the ballad form, in a Collection of ‘Ancient Songs’, published by J. Johnson. 1865 M. Arnold v. 174 A ballad-form which has more rapidity and grace. 1991 E. McDonald 43 We'll dae that than, screivit in strict ballant form. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [noun] > ballad > lore contained in ballads 1806 R. Jamieson I. i. 6 The lovers of ballad lore are indebted. 1902 Oct. 478 The wind-riding Erlking of German ballad-lore. 2005 (Nexis) 2 July 12 His sleeve notes..constitute an outstanding contribution to Irish ballad lore. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [noun] > stanza > quatrain > ballad-stanza 1765 J. Rice ii. 146 This is very common in Songs, and all Pieces written to Ballad Measures. 1776 40/2 He wrote it in ballad measure. 1881 2 356 Matthew Arnold..has shown the unsuitability of the fourteen-syllable ballad measure for a translation of Homer. 1999 50 191 The rollicking rhythm of the ballad measure. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [noun] > ballad > collectively 1781 J. Pinkerton p. xxx The ballad poetry of the Spaniards is tinged with the romantic gallantry of that nation. 1863 J. H. Burton (ed. 2) 300 That delightful department of literature, our ballad poetry. 1997 15 111 Brahms's Blätter piano pieces..do have a literary association—only not to ballad poetry. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhyme > [noun] > ballad-rhyme 1640 T. Carew 124 Swell the windie page Till verse resin'd by thee..Turne Ballad-rime. 1737 I. 251 Here in British climes, Where in lewd prose, or luscious ballad rimes, Our poets write the sentiments of brutes. 1840 R. Browning Sordello in (1888–94) I. 115 Every time He gained applause by any ballad-rhyme. 1948 T. Brooke in A. C. Baugh 383 The broadside ballad rime which aimed at a somewhat lower and larger class of society. 1999 (Nexis) 22 Sept. 535 Its ballad rhyme basis,..with stress on the use of the internal ‘repetend’. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [noun] > stanza > quatrain > ballad-stanza 1778 T. Warton II. vii. 247 The Mirrour is a translation from a Latin elegiac poem, written in the year 1516, by Dominic Mancini De quatuor Virtutibus. It is in the ballad-stanza. 1781 J. Pinkerton p. xxvi The common ballad stanza is so simple, that it has been used by most nations as the first mode of constructing rimes. 1855 P. G. Hamerton 2 (note) The Lyrics—like the ballad stanza which heads each canto of the ‘Faërie Queene,’—are introduced as preludes. 1934 19 102 The stanza, not itself a ballad-stanza, of The Dark Ladie. 2002 36 349 In a few poems, he combines Blues rhythm and ballad stanza. 1598 E. Guilpin sig. B8 Their whimpring Sonnets..marre Resolutions ruffe, And melt true valour with lewd ballad stuffe. 1598 J. Marston ii. Ad Rithmum sig. Ev Then hence base ballad stuffe. 1907 F. B. Gummere 91 Incremental repetition soon came to be the close pattern of ballad stuff. 1939 12 225 All this is ballad stuff, the combat of two champions. 1621 R. Burton iii. ii. 581 Ride and daunce, and sing old ballet tunes. 1672 O. Walker i. xiv. 196 To thrum a Guitarr to 2. or 3. Italian Ballad tunes, may be agreable for once, but often practised is ridiculous. a1695 Earl of Lauderdale tr. Virgil Pastorals iii. in (1709) 8 Some Ballad Tunes perhaps thou might'st compose, Or else some dismal Verse far worse than Prose. a1774 A. Tucker (1777) III. iv. 153 A ballad tune sung by the coarse-piped chamber maid. 1871 5 768 When a boy the writer was fond of whistling, usually selecting some ballad tune. 1989 P. van der Merwe (1992) xi. 105 The Scottish ballad tune does have a tonic, though of a subtle kind, so that it too may sound unfinished to the classically trained ear. C2. Objective with verbal or agent noun (see also ballad-monger n.). a. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > poet by kind of poem > [noun] > ballad poet 1821 J. Watkins (new ed.) at Carey (Henry) As a ballad composer he had great merit. 1947 A. Einstein vi. 58 Carl Loewe, Schubert's rival as a ballad-composer. 2006 (Nexis) 10 Feb. e4 He also set out to demonstrate that a songwriter commonly celebrated for his brassy show tunes was a consummate ballad composer. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [noun] > ballad > composing of ballads ?1507 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 96 Fra balat making and trigide. 1703 II. 144 Baber has left the Panegyrick strain And now to Ballad-making turns his Brain. 1820 J. Clare 16 July (1985) 87 I have consciet to think I [shall] find out the knack of ballad making. 1914 3 382 I give a five- or ten-minute talk on the two theories of ballad-making. 2003 (Nexis) 29 Oct. e1 There was a tradition of ballad-making among the lumberjacks and people like that. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > poet by kind of poem > [noun] > ballad poet 1565 W. Alley ii. f.63 Our vice ballet makers, and enditers of wanton songes. 1586 W. Webbe sig. D. The vncountable rabble of ryming Ballet makers. 1668 J. Dryden v. 55 You mistake me for Martin Parker, the Ballad-Maker. 1815 W. Scott III. ii. 36 The devil take all ballads and ballad-makers, and ballad-singers! 1911 3rd Ser. 5 33 The ordinary ballad maker..preferred to narrate incidents in the history of the city. 2005 (Nexis) 30 July (Weekend section) 12 He valued where they came from—the rich cultural heritage, the Irish language tradition, the ballad-makers and storytellers. 1866 E. A. Finn xxv. 270 There were the same strange groups smoking and listening..to a wandering ballad reciter. 1930 S. B. Hustvedt i. 18 Within the last century or so pains have been taken, as they were not before, to record the name, the age, the residence, the external mode of life of ballad reciters. 1994 M. Murayama ix. 54 Do you have any experience as a barber or a ballad reciter? society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > singer of other types of music > [noun] > ballad-singer 1592 R. Greene sig. C4 But one angry fellow..fals vpon the ballad singer, and beating him with his fists well fauouredly, sayes, if he had not listned his singing, he had not lost his purse. 1682 No. 1712 13–17 Apr. Mr. John Clarke..did rent of Charles Killigrew Esq; the Licencing of all Ballad-Singers. 1707 No. 4370/4 Israel Sewell..a professyd Ballad-singer. 1834 T. Carlyle ii. ii. 35/1 Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers grew hoarse. 1913 28 215 This man was a genuine ballad-singer on American soil. 2007 (Nexis) 27 Apr. (Times2 section) 22 You think you have him pegged as a lovelorn ballad singer, perhaps, or a blue-eyed soul star. ?1593 H. Chettle sig. C3v The last refuge in their life (beggery excepted) the poore helpe of Ballad-singing. 1718 S. Keimer 14 Allen sets up for Worship, Ballad-Singing, And with Confused Words, our Ears was dinging. 1827 28 Dec. 2/5 Some ‘singing gentlemen’ on a begging and ballad-singing excursion. 1915 1 434 Norwegian fiddling, pipe-playing, cattle-calls, peasant dances and ballad singing. 2007 (Nexis) 23 May 17 She has studied Irish ballad singing..and is currently studying piano. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > poet by kind of poem > [noun] > ballad poet 1611 W. Vaughan iii. ix. 105 The Authors censure of certaine English Pamphleters, and Ballad-writers, with an inuocation to my L. of Canterbury for a reformation. 1846 T. Wright II. xvii. 200 The ballad-writers of after-times. 2007 (Nexis) 10 Jan. 30 He belonged to the grand line of French ballad writers. b. society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > concert > types of 1855 H. R. Helper iv. 50 Madame Anna Bishop's last oratorio or ballad concert. 1868 23 Mar. 12/6 The admirable London Ballad Concerts of Mr. John Boosey are still drawing crowds. 1879 G. Grove I. 129/2 ‘Ballad concerts’..often contain songs of all kinds. 1903 21 Mar. 8/4 A Concert Diary. Mar. 21.—London Ballad Concert, Queen's Hall. 2001 (Nexis) 31 May 10 It was in ballad concerts that she won and retained the affection of vast audiences. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > other types of play 1735 H. Carey (title) The honest Yorkshire-man, a ballad farce as it is perform'd at the theatres with universal applause. 1747 T. Whincop 185/1 Betty, or The Country Bumpkins, a Ballad-Farce, acted..at the Theatre in Drury-lane, 1738. 1787 J. Hawkins 198 An impatience for pantomimes and ballad-farces. 1899 26 Feb. 30/1 Comic opera,..or ballad farce, or whatever name you may choose to designate a comedy studded with lyrics. 1994 (Nexis) 13 Nov. m2 It is thought to have been ‘Flora, Or Hob in the Well,’ a ballad farce by Colley Cibber. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > other types of play 1730 T. Cibber Pref. The Simplicity of Characters, Manners, Sentiments, and Passions, which has gain'd That Poem its Reputation..induced me to turn it into a Ballad Opera. 1781 S. Johnson Gay in VIII. 25 We owe to Gay the Ballad Opera. 1885 26 73/2 The flimsy ballad operas, which were formerly considered distinctively English, are not hopelessly out of date. 2007 (Nexis) 17 Apr. Returning to Littlewood, Goorney went into MacColl's ballad opera Johnnie Noble (1947). Derivatives society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [adverb] > in manner of ballad 1553 T. Wilson iii. f. 108v They toke muche delite in rimed sentences, & in Orations made ballade wise. 1589 G. Puttenham i. xxvi. 41 This was done in ballade wise..and was song very sweetely. c1854 R. S. Mackenzie 261 He used to get them printed (ballad wise) on octavo slips of whity-brown paper. 1951 J. Lees-Milne ii. 22 No longer do poems..grow up ballad-wise as the result of the unco-ordinated efforts of anonymous craftsmen. 2000 (Nexis) 25 Oct. (Entertainer section) 10 Ballad-wise, the stand-out track is the closing number. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). balladv. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French balader ; ballad n. Etymology: Partly < Middle French balader to sing ballads (1422), to compose ballads (mid 15th cent. in the passage translated in quot. c1450 at sense 1; < balade ballad n.; compare ballade n.), and partly < ballad n. (compare also ballade n.). society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > compose narrative poem [verb (intransitive)] > compose ballads c1450 C. d'Orleans (1941) 49 (MED) To balade [Fr. de balader] now y haue a fayre leysere. 1593 G. Harvey 48 When Elderton began to ballat, Gascoine to sonnet, Turberuile to madrigal, Drant to versify [etc.]. 1609 T. Dekker xii. sig. L What songs they balladed out in praise of Night! a1631 J. Donne (1633) i. sig. B Enuious Libellers ballad against them [sc. women]. society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > write narrative poem about [verb (transitive)] > make subject of ballads 1606 G. Chapman iii. i. sig. F I am afraid of nothing but I shall be Ballated. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. ii. 212 And scald Rimers [will] Ballads[read Ballad] vs out a Tune. 1636 T. Heywood ii. sig. C4 I shall be Ballated, Sung up and downe by Minstrills? 1684 T. Southerne iii. i. 22 Stag'd to the crowd..Nay, balleted about the streets in rhime. 1745 4 This unhappy Gentleman..was..trumpeted and balladed all over the Kingdom for having been wanting in his Duty. ?1750 25 When to the rising Sun in rustic Strain, The Love-sick Shepherd balladed his Pain. 1820 Ld. Byron 9 Nov. (1977) VII. 222 You have balladed me fifty times—and are welcome to fifty more. 1877 10 Feb. He was 'tolled in prose, and his liberation from prison balladed in rhyme. 1937 12 June 15/5 The statue was hailed, balladed, and decorated as Queen Elizabeth by a Protestant mob in 1679. 1990 100 356 (note) Cooper had balladed the melancholy case of Jonathan Robbins, a native citizen of America, forcibly impressed by the British. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.1458 v.c1450 |
