Müllern.3
/ˈmʊlə/, U.S. /ˈm(j)ʊlər/ Anatomy and Histology. attributive, in the possessive, and with of. Designating anatomical structures of the eye and histological methods (originally) used in its study.
1. [Described in H. Müller Anat.-physiol. Untersuchungen über die Retina des Menschen u. der Wirbelthiere (1856) 97.] Designating the neuroglial cells with long processes that form the chief part of the supportive tissue of the retina. Cf. Müllerian adj.2
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the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > retina > sustenacular tissue
Müller1856
fibre-basket1884
1856 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. (ed. 4) x. 777 Passing vertically through the retina are other fine threads—fibres of Müller.
1932 W. Penfield Cytol. & Cellular Pathol. Nerv. Syst. II. ix. 436 (heading) Astrocytes of the retina (Müller's cells).
1932 W. Penfield Cytol. & Cellular Pathol. Nerv. Syst. II. xvi. 767 In other strata the Müller cells are followed with difficulty.
1961 S. Duke-Elder & K. C. Wybar Syst. Ophthalmol. II. 256 (heading) The fibers of Müller.
1961 S. Duke-Elder & K. C. Wybar Syst. Ophthalmol. II. 256 On the vitreal aspect of the retina Müller's fibres terminate in large conical or bulbous expansions.
1990 Brain 113 1451 The nerve fibre bundles in the retina are separated by elongated processes of Müller cells.
2. Müller's fluid n. (also †Müller's eye-fluid) [described by Müller 1859, in Verhandlungen d. Physikalisch-Med. Ges. zu Würzburg 10 140; compare German Müller'sche Flüssigkeit (1863 or earlier)] an aqueous solution of potassium dichromate and sodium sulphate used for fixing and hardening tissue samples.
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the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > fixative
Müller's fluid1872
fixative1891
1872 G. R. Cutter tr. H. Frey Microscope & Microsc. Technol. vii. 139 A mixture of the salt in question [sc. bichromate of potash] with sulphate of soda has been recommended by H. Müller for hardening the retina... This mixture, the ‘Müller's eye-fluid’, is also very useful for preserving many other tissues.
1877 Philos. Trans. 1876 (Royal Soc.) 166 469 The reticulum is always broader in preparations which have been hardened in Müller's fluid and osmic acid.
1902 E. A. Schäfer Essent. Histol. (ed. 6) 397 The fluids which are more commonly used are..Müller's fluid (bichromate of potash 2½ parts, sulphate of soda 1 part, water 100 parts).
1959 W. Andrew Textbk. Compar. Histol. ii. 44 Isolation of its cells with Mueller's fluid or hydrochloric acid shows an almost complete lack of intercellular material.
1973 S. Bradbury Peacock's Elem. Microtechnique (ed. 4) 127/2 Fix in Müller's fluid before preserving in alcohol.
3. [Described by Müller 1857, in Arch. f. Ophthalmol. 3 1.] Designating a band of smooth muscle, sympathetically innervated, that forms part of the levator muscle of the upper eyelid. Also (now rare): designating the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle, and a muscle of the orbit.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of eye, lid, or brow
eye-string1532
abducens1615
eye-opener1649
orbicularis1681
bibitory muscle1696
corrugator1836
Müller1875
1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 887/2 The inner part of the [ciliary] muscle forms a ring-like arrangement of fasciculi close to the circumference of the iris, and is often called the annular muscle of Müller.
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 174/1 Müller's annular muscle, ciliary muscle.
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 174/2 Müller's muscle, smooth muscular fibres found in the membrana orbitalis.
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 174/2 Müller's palpebral muscle, a collection of smooth muscle-fibres in the upper eyelid.
1912 A. Thomson Anat. Human Eye i. 13 Corresponding to the bases of the free projecting extremities of the ciliary processes..is a group of fibres..arranged circumferentially; these constitute the circular fibres of Müller.
1921 S. E. Whitnall Anat. Human Orbit 82 This muscle, described by H. Müller in 1858, is known as the ‘orbital muscle of Müller’, or musculus orbitalis.
1921 S. E. Whitnall Anat. Human Orbit 296 The palpebral involuntary muscles (of Müller).
1950 Irish Jrnl. Med. Sci. Jan. 39 (heading) Some aspects of Muller's orbital muscle.
1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) x. 109 When all the sympathetic function on one side is lost, resulting in miosis, a narrowed palpebral fissure and slight enophthalmos (due to loss of tone of Müller's muscle), [etc.].
1996 Arch. Ophthalmol. 114 1486/2 The Müller muscle may contribute to the temporal flare frequently seen in eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
Müllern.5
/ˈmʊlə/, U.S. /ˈm(j)ʊlər/ 1. Embryology. duct of Müller n. (also Müller's duct) [described by Müller 1825, in Nova Acta Physico-Med. Acad. Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 12 553; also Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien aus Anat. Untersuchungen an Embryonen des Menschen u. der Thiere (1830) 60] the paramesonephric duct; cf. Müllerian duct n. at Müllerian adj.1 2a.
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1858 A. Farre in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 613/1 This is called after its first observer, the duct of Müller.
1870 H. Gray Anat. (new ed.) 109 Below this portion of the duct of Muller, that body on either side, and the ducts of the Wolffian body, are united together in a structure called ‘the genital cord’, in which the two Müllerian ducts approach each other,..finally coalescing.
1877 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 17 429 The pronephron (Kopfnieren) aborts, the pronephric duct becomes the oviduct; it is frequently called Müller's duct.
1938 Amer. Naturalist 72 238 Such is certainly the case in vertebrates..with Muller's and Wolff's duct.
1985 C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) xv. 490/1 They are laid down initially as two paired longitudinal ducts, the ducts of Wolff and of Müller.
2. Zoology. Müller's larva n. [described by Müller 1850, in Arch. f. Anat., Physiol. u. wissenschaftliche Medicin 485] (in some polyclad turbellarians) a free-swimming larval form with eight ciliated processes or lobes.
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1877 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 17 30 A dorsal and a ventral process were also present, as in Müller's larva.
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 672 There is a metamorphosis in many Polycladida, the larva having a praeoral ciliated ring, which is produced first into four (= Götte's larva) then into eight ciliated processes (= Müller's larva), subsequently absorbed.
1896 F. W. Gamble in Cambr. Nat. Hist. II. i. 29 Most Acotylea indeed develop directly, and their free-swimming young differ from Müller's larva merely in the absence of the ciliated band and in the mode of swimming.
1922 Amer. Naturalist 56 498 Müller's larva, taking to the bottom, and in its hunt for food gliding over hard surfaces with its cilia, led to the flatworms.
1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xxiii. 476 Some platyhelminths (Polyclada) possess a larva, Müller's larva, which agrees with the trochosphere in many structural features but not in all.
1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) iii. 229/1 A few marine turbellarians develop ciliated larvae known as Müller's larvae.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
Müllern.6
/ˈmʊlə/, U.S. /ˈm(j)ʊlər/ Now historical.
Designating a type of flat-topped felt hat similar to that associated with the case of Franz Müller (see muller v.3). In later use attributive and in the genitive.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > felt > with flat top
Müller1896
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [adjective] > hat > made of specific material > felt
billycock1721
bully-cocked1721
wide awake1837
fedora1883
Müller1934
1896 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang IV. at Muller To cut down a chimney-pot hat into the low-crowned Muller.
1909 Daily Chron. 22 Nov. 4/7 Müller's hat..formed the connecting link in a remarkable chain of circumstantial evidence. Henceforth ‘mullers’, as they were called, were tabooed.
1934 Trans. Philol. Soc. 1933 101 A Müller hat is a flat-topped, hard felt.
1975 C. Calasibetta Fairchild's Dict. Fashion Muller cut-down, man's hat of 1870's made like top hat with crown cut to half the height.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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