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单词 mutability
释义

mutabilityn.

Brit. /ˌmjuːtəˈbɪlᵻti/, U.S. /ˌmjudəˈbɪlᵻdi/
Forms: late Middle English mutabilitee, late Middle English mutabilyte, late Middle English mutabilytee, late Middle English mutablite, late Middle English mutabylite, late Middle English mutabylyte, late Middle English mvtabilite, late Middle English mvtabyte (transmission error), late Middle English–1500s mutabilite, late Middle English–1600s (1900s– Irish English) mutabilitie, 1500s– mutability; Scottish pre-1700 motabilite, pre-1700 mutabiletie, pre-1700 mutabilietie, pre-1700 mutabilite, pre-1700 mutabilitee, pre-1700 mutabilitie, pre-1700 mutabillitie, pre-1700 mvtabilitie, pre-1700 1700s– mutability.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French mutabilité; Latin mūtābilitās.
Etymology: < Middle French, French mutabilité liability to change (late 12th cent. in Old French), tendency to undergo genetic mutation (1903) and its etymon classical Latin mūtābilitās liability to change, fickleness, inconstancy < mūtābilis mutable adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix1; compare -ity suffix). Compare mutableness n.
1. Disposition to change; variableness, inconstancy; fickleness. Now chiefly literary and poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun]
unsteadfastnessa1300
falsenessc1330
unstablenessc1380
varyingc1380
inconstancec1386
variance1390
geriness1412
instabilityc1422
changeability?a1425
mutabilitya1425
changec1425
changeableness1447
unconstancec1449
unstabilitya1470
mutableness1481
unsureness1481
instableness1483
variation1509
inconstancy1526
shittleness1530
fickleness1548
unconstancy1548
unconstantness1551
inconstantness?a1562
pliableness1562
fast and loose1575
volubility1603
levity1604
unconstability1611
flexibleness1623
vagrancy1642
self-inconsistency1655
inconsistency1665
flittingnessa1680
easiness1705
inconsistence1713
versatility1755
contrariety1762
vibration1785
changefulness1791
girouettism1825
pirouettism1839
weathercockism1843
pirouettiveness1844
volatileness1849
unfixity1856
ficklety1888
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) i. 851 Fortune..sith hire whiel by no way may sojourne, What woostow if hire mutabilite [v.r. mutabilitie], Right as thyselven list, wol don by the?
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 1859 (MED) Þei seyn þat chawng and mutabilite Appropred ben to femynyte.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 822 (MED) Ye that beth blynde with worldly vanyte, No better myrrour than experience, For to declare his mutabilite.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxcj The Duke of Somerset, was incontinently, for his greate mutabilitie and lightnes, behedded at Exam.
1613 G. Markham Second Pt. First Bk. Eng. Arcadia f. 39v His vnkind flight, & her too kind pursuite, was a volume large enough for her to reade the great story of his mutability.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vii. §1 It would argue mutability in God to revoke that Law, and establish another instead of it.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 162. ¶6 This Mutability of Temper and Inconsistency with our selves is the greatest Weakness of humane Nature, so [etc.].
1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. ix. 176 He spared neither the Delviles for their insolence of mutability in rejecting or seeking her at their pleasure, nor herself.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) III. xviii. 77 He had himself experienced the mutability of the public taste.
1883 L. Villari tr. P. Villari Machiavelli & his Times III. ii. i. 242 Of his easy mutability we find proofs in two of the various Discorsi written by him [sc. Guicciardini].
1908 M. J. Cawein Poems III. 83 Thy part is—to destroy, and still remain Immutable midst mutability.
1993 P. Ackroyd House of Dr. Dee (1994) iii. 113 I knew them to be actors in an historical tragedy, and so I looked for a prologue upon the theme of mutability.
2.
a. Liability or tendency to change.The theme of mutability is a commonplace of much early literary and philosophical writing, esp. with reference to the changeableness and inconstancy of earthly or human affairs as opposed to the heavenly or divine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun]
unstablenessc1340
varyingc1380
uncertaintyc1384
brotelnessc1386
were1390
instabilityc1422
bricklenessa1425
changeability?a1425
changeableness1447
vertibility1447
mutability?a1475
variableness?a1475
inconstance1509
mutationa1542
fickleness1548
variety1548
unconstancy1563
mobility1567
unstability1572
vicissitude1576
variousness1607
inconstancy1613
slipperinessa1618
alterableness1633
versatilousness1640
bottomlessness1642
lability1651
brittlety1652
versatileness1654
fluctuancy1659
fugitivenessa1661
alterability1661
permutability1662
unfixedness1668
mutablenessa1677
flittingnessa1680
frailness1687
flittiness1692
versability1721
plasticity1727
variability1771
unestablishment1776
fluctuabilitya1786
changefulness1791
unsettledness1799
versatility1802
harlequinism1808
fluidity1824
fitfulness1825
sensitiveness1825
insubstantiality1848
contingency1858
rootlessness1859
shiftingness1866
ficklety1888
variancy1888
impredicability1906
proteanism1909
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 223 (MED) The firste trawthe, whiche is God, may not be where mutabilite [L. commutabilitas] is founde.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. ii. 51 The law wherby he worketh, is eternall, and therefore can haue no shew or cullor of mutabilitie.
1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 480 That heauenly kingdome, which is not subiect to mutabilitie or chaunge.
1622 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VI. O.T. xvi. 75 How slippery are the stations of earthly honours, and subiect to continuall mutability.
1664 T. Killigrew Thomaso iv. ii, in Comedies & Trag. 360 A humid Flux, or Catarrh, by the mutability of the Air, falls from your head into an Arm or Shoulder.
1712 R. Blackmore Creation (ed. 2) v. 211 There should be a God... The Corporeal World cannot be that Being. Prov'd from Mutability, and the Variety of Forms rising and disappearing.
a1800 W. Cowper Yardley-Oak in W. Hayley Life & Posthumous Writings Cowper (1804) III. 412 What exhibitions various hath the world Witnessed, of mutability in all, That we account most durable below!
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species xiv. 480 The chief facts..which have thoroughly convinced me that species have changed..by the preservation and accumulation of successive slight favourable variations. Why..have all the most eminent living naturalists and geologists rejected this view of the mutability of species?
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxvii. 389 I endeavoured to satisfy myself of the mutability which had been ascribed to them [sc. the veins in glaciers].
1928 J. Galsworthy Swan Song ii. i, in Mod. Comedy (1929) 610 In his stable at Ascot, the son of Sleeping Dove, from home for the first time, pondered on the mutability of equine affairs.
1991 Struct. Change & Econ. Dynamics 2 207 Both the constancy of the technical coefficients as well as the mutability of output are held to be relative in nature.
b. As a count noun: an instance of this; a change. Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun] > instance of
mutabilityc1550
vicissitude1631
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) i. 16 Prosperus men, prouidis nocht to resist the occasions of the mutabiliteis.
1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 67 What place is there so strong, where one may be safe from the mutabilities of time?
1648 King Charles I Declar. 22 Nov. in Wks. (1662) 293 It is the humour of those who are of this Weather-cock-like disposition to love nothing but mutabilities.
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. ii. iii. 95 We Islanders, fam'd for other Mutabilitys, are particularly noted for the Variableness..of our Weather.
1833 E. S. Wortley Poems 126 Dreams, loveliest mutabilities of ever-changeful earth!
1888 E. H. Plumptre Life Thomas Ken I. p. xi (note) One could scarcely find a more striking instance of the mutabilities of history.
1980 T. Wynne-Jones Odd's End xxii. 183 The house was full of a thousand little mutabilities.
3. Biology. The tendency to undergo or capacity for undergoing genetic mutation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > changes or actions of genes or chromosomes > mutation > capacity for
mutability1869
1869 Nature 18 Nov. 93/1 They use variability and mutability as having one and the same meaning, instead of distinguishing one as referring to subdivision into varieties, and the other as change of specific forms.
1908 J. A. Thomson Heredity iii. 92 It is possible that the prolific multiplication in a new environment may have had something to do with the awakening of the impulsive mutability [in Œnothera lamarckiana].
1916 Genetics 1 606 (heading) Mutability in different species of Drosophila.
1929 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 15 834 That gene..does not influence the mutability of the miniature-gamma gene.
1974 Nature 9 Aug. 493/2 There was no significant difference in mutability between the two strains.
1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xxi. 1202 (heading) The enhanced mutability of cancer cells helps them evade destruction by anticancer drugs.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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