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单词 napiers bones
释义

Napier's bonesn.

Brit. /ˌneɪpɪəz ˈbəʊnz/, U.S. /ˈneɪpi(ə)rz ˌboʊnz/
Forms:

α. 1600s Napers bones, 1600s Napiers bones, 1600s Nepiers bones, 1600s– Napier's bones, 1700s Neper's bones.

β. 1800s Napier bones.

Origin: From proper names, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Napier , bone n.1
Etymology: < the genitive of the name of John Napier (also Neper ), Scottish mathematician (1550–1617) + the plural of bone n.1 In β. forms < Napier + the plural of bone n.1
Mathematics.
Several narrow rods or strips of bone, ivory, wood, or other solid material, divided into compartments marked with certain digits, and formerly used to facilitate the operations of multiplication, division, and the extraction of roots according to a method invented by John Napier.The method was described by Napier in his book Rabdologiæ seu Numerationis per Virgulas Libri Duo (1617).
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the world > relative properties > number > mathematical instruments > [noun] > arithmetical instrument
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mesolabe1579
quipu1581
rods1618
Napier's bones1647
Napier's rods1678
reckoner1757
counter1803
adding machine1822
operameter1830
virgulaa1831
adder1856
computer1869
arithmometer1876
perforation gauge1882
Cuisenaire rod1954
number line1964
number cruncher1966
cruncher1971
1647 J. Hall Poems 31 That crockt &c's were wrinkles, and Five Napers bones glued to a wrest, an hand.
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 209 A Moon-Dial, with Napiers bones, And severall Constellation-stones.
1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Nepiers Bones or Rods.
1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. III. 2202/1 Neper's Rods or bones, an instrument invented by J. Neper, baron of Merchiston, in Scotland, whereby the multiplication and division of large numbers are much facilitated.
1834 Edinb. Rev. July 320 The method of calculation invented by Baron Napier,..since called Napier's bones.
1876 Appletons' Jrnl. 22 Apr. 734 There also will be seen the original Napier Bones, the measuring-instruments of Sir Joseph Whitworth, [etc.].
1933 Amer. Math. Monthly 40 174 Among the questions answered were: ‘What are Napier's Bones?’ ‘Why are logarithmic tables made with base e?’ ‘What is Pascal's triangle?’
1960 F. Land Lang. of Math. i. 5 His last work included a description of what are known as Napier's Rods or Napier's Bones. They consist of ten rods, each nine times as long as it is wide, the face of the rod being divided into nine squares.
1999 Sphaera No. 9. 5/4 The instruments themselves include..a set of Napier's bones and two Gunter chains.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1647
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