nardn.

Brit.

/nɑːd/, U.S.

/nɑrd/

Forms: Old English– nard, early Middle English narð, Middle English–1600s narde.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin nardus; French narde.

Etymology: Originally < classical Latin nardus nardus n., subsequently reinforced by Middle French narde, nard, the plant (late 12th cent. in Old French as narde ; 1180–90 as nardus ; 1669 denoting perfumed oil prepared from the plant; French nard ). Compare Italian nardo (1313), Spanish nardo (end of the 15th cent.), Portuguese nardo (16th cent. in espiquenardo : see spikenard n.), and also Middle Dutch narde , naerde , Old High German narda , narta , nartha (Middle High German narde , German Narde ). Compare also nardus n.The names of the plants covered by sense 3 largely reflect Latin and/or Greek antecedents; corresponding names are also found in French and Italian. With rustic nard compare classical Latin nardum rusticum (Pliny). With French nard compare classical Latin nardum Gallicum (Pliny), Middle French nard gaulique (1538), nard gallique (1562), French nardus gaulois (1605), nard gaulois (1611 in Cotgrave), Italian nardo gallico (1611 in Florio). With Italian nard compare French nard d'Italie (1611 in Cotgrave), nard italique (1636). With Indian nard compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος Ἰνδική, classical Latin nardum Indicum (Pliny), Middle French nardus des Indes (1562), French nard indois (1611 in Cotgrave), nard indique (1636), nard des Indes (1690), nard indien (1698). With mountain nard compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος ὀρεινή, νάρδος ὀρεία, French nard de montagne (1605), nardus de montagne (1653).

1. A fragrant ointment or perfume prepared from the rhizome of the plant of the same name (see sense 2) and much prized in antiquity. Also figurative. Now chiefly literary and in references to Mark 14:3, John 12:3. Cf. spikenard n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > plants and extracts used for

roseeOE

nardusOE

nardOE

lavendera1300

spikenardc1350

piste?1440

orris root1598

bainilla1678

amberseed1728

vanilla1728

ambrette1745

vanell1790

tonka bean1796

scent bean1822

muguet1830

lemon-grass1837

vanillea1845

sweet pea1890

snuff-bean1898

oak moss1921

tea olive1952

OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 3 Þa com an wif & hæfde hyre sealfbox deorwyrþes nardes.

?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 33 Nym þanne narð and pintreowes sæp and panic and wyrc þær drenc and syle hym drince.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) John xii. 3 Marie took a pound of oynement spikenard, or trewe narde, precious.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Song of Sol. i. 11 Whanne the kyng was in his restyng place, my narde [a1425 L.V. mad encens] ȝaf his odour.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 143 (MED) Her seed yf me reclyne In baume or narde or opi daies thre.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1997 Ambre, narde, & Myrre.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giii^v Your wordes be more sweter than ony precyous narde.

1555 J. Philpot Let. in R. Eden Exam. & Writings J. Philpot (1842) (modernized text) 233 You have plentifully poured upon me your precious nard.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xii. xii. 364 The good..and true Nard is known by the lightnes, red colour, sweet smell, and the tast especially.

1647 Bp. J. Taylor Θεολογία Ἐκλεκτική Ep. Ded. 3 Whose lessons were softer than Nard, or the Juice of the Candian Olive.

1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 53 Steams, than Myrrh or Nard more grateful.

1737 H. Baker Medulla Poetarum Romanorum I. 97 With Wreaths of Nard the Guests their Temples bind.

1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor xxxviii. 134 Mutianus..had many holes filled with nard to nourish and moisten it.

1835 R. Browning Paracelsus iv. 133 Heap cassia, sandal-buds, and stripes Of labdanum, and aloe-balls Smear'd with dull nard.

1866 W. T. Brande & G. W. Cox Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (new ed.) II. 635/1 The Nard of the ancients..is now believed to have been the produce of a dwarf Valerianaceous herb.

1883 R. Broughton Belinda III. iii. vii. 8 Such a day as that one before which old George Herbert poured the nard and spices of his curious sweet verse.

1896 J. Curtin tr. H. Sienkiewicz Quo Vadis lxvi. 504 Waking in the splendid chamber..amidst the odor of verbena and nard, she knew not where she was.

1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 264/1 The beautiful story of Mary Magdalen washing the feet of Jesus with nard and drying them with her hair.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 364/1 True spikenard, or ‘nard’, was an expensive, spicy perfume made from the roots of a Himalayan plant, Nardostachys jatamansi.

2. An aromatic plant; spec. that from which the ointment nard was prepared, probably the Himalayan plant Nardostachys grandiflora (family Valerianaceae). Cf. spikenard n. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > spikenard

nardOE

nardusOE

spike?1529

spikenard1548

sumbul1791

OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) vii. 258 [D]rince eft buccan micgan & ete nardes ear & wælwyrte moran.

c1450 in Mod. Philol. (1924) 21 385 (MED) In this gardyn..were..Nard, flour gentyl, agnus castus the grete.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. sig. C4/2 Asarabacar, a kinde of Narde, a kinde of foale foote.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes The herbe Pepper-woort, narde or Coriander of Rome.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §616 There is a Kinde of Nard, in Creet,..that hath a Root hairy, like a Rough-footed-Doves foot.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 293 He..now is come Into the blissful field, through Groves of Myrrhe, And flouring Odours, Cassia, Nard, and Balme.

1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Eclogues v, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 33 As much as lowly nard To beds of crimson roses,—in our mind So much Amyntas yieldeth unto thee.

1987 D. J. Mabberley Plant-bk. 390 N. grandiflora DC (‘N. jatamansi’, nard, spikenard).

3. Chiefly with distinguishing word: any of various other aromatic plants chiefly of the family Valerianaceae; the root of any of these plants. Now rare (in later use chiefly historical).† nard Celtic n. [ < classical Latin nardum Celticum (Pliny); compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος Κελτική, and also Old French narde celtice (second half of 13th cent.), Middle French nard celtique (1538)] Obsolete an aromatic plant with pinkish-white flowers, Valeriana celtica (family Valerianaceae (or Caprifoliaceae)), native to parts of the Alps; (also) the root of this plant, used in perfumery and (formerly) in medicine; = Celtic nard n. at Celtic adj. and n. Compounds 1.† nard savage n. [compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος ἀγρία, classical Latin silvestre nardum (Pliny), Middle French nard sauvage (1562), Italian nardo saluatico (1611 in Florio)] Obsolete the plant asarabacca, Asarum europaeum.pistic nard: see pistic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun]

valerianc1386

nard?1440

red cow basil1597

red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597

red valerian1597

valerian-worts1747

teaselwort1846

valerian family1849

valerian tribe1855

valerian order1857

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. 359 (MED) Of gliciride Thre vnce, and take as myche of nard celtike.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 88 As for the plant Saliunca or Nard Celtick [etc.].

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 104 Some haue taken rustick-Nard to be the root of Bacchar, and so named it: the which hath put me in mind of French Nard.

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Nardo saluatico, Nard-sauage.

1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis i. iv. 60 The male is the broad Italian Nard, (which is the sweeter) and is called Lavender.

1765 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. (at cited word) The Indian Nard..was formerly employed in the same intentions as the Celtic.

1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 347/2 It is curious that the Celtic and mountain nards are also Valerians.

1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 351 Nard, ‘the herb pepperwort’. Hal. This we cannot identify. Prior..says ‘various aromatic plants, chiefly of the Valerian tribe.’

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 668/1 Celtic nard, obtained from the Ligurian Alps and Istria, consisted of the roots of plants also belonging to the valerian order... Mountain nard was collected in Cilicia and Syria.

1972 R. Genders Perfume through Ages iii. 49 The Mountain or Indian Nard of Dioscorides was to be found only in the more remote valleys of the Himalayas... Its botanical name is Nardostachys jatamansi.

4. Mat-grass, Nardus stricta. Also nard grass. Cf. nardus n. 3. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > mat-grass

white bent1620

wire bent1756

mat-grass1777

nardus1777

nard1866

small matweed1866

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 777/2 The common Nard, or Matgrass..is a worthless grass for agricultural purposes.

1918 Jrnl. Ecol. 6 1 The popular names include bent, white grass, mat grass, mat-weed, wire-grass, and nard.

1987 D. J. Mabberley Plant-bk. 390 Nardus... N. stricta L. (mat grass, nard grass).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nard
释义	nardn. Brit. /nɑːd/, U.S. /nɑrd/ Forms: Old English– nard, early Middle English narð, Middle English–1600s narde. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin nardus; French narde. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin nardus nardus n., subsequently reinforced by Middle French narde, nard, the plant (late 12th cent. in Old French as narde ; 1180–90 as nardus ; 1669 denoting perfumed oil prepared from the plant; French nard ). Compare Italian nardo (1313), Spanish nardo (end of the 15th cent.), Portuguese nardo (16th cent. in espiquenardo : see spikenard n.), and also Middle Dutch narde , naerde , Old High German narda , narta , nartha (Middle High German narde , German Narde ). Compare also nardus n.The names of the plants covered by sense 3 largely reflect Latin and/or Greek antecedents; corresponding names are also found in French and Italian. With rustic nard compare classical Latin nardum rusticum (Pliny). With French nard compare classical Latin nardum Gallicum (Pliny), Middle French nard gaulique (1538), nard gallique (1562), French nardus gaulois (1605), nard gaulois (1611 in Cotgrave), Italian nardo gallico (1611 in Florio). With Italian nard compare French nard d'Italie (1611 in Cotgrave), nard italique (1636). With Indian nard compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος Ἰνδική, classical Latin nardum Indicum (Pliny), Middle French nardus des Indes (1562), French nard indois (1611 in Cotgrave), nard indique (1636), nard des Indes (1690), nard indien (1698). With mountain nard compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος ὀρεινή, νάρδος ὀρεία, French nard de montagne (1605), nardus de montagne (1653). 1. A fragrant ointment or perfume prepared from the rhizome of the plant of the same name (see sense 2) and much prized in antiquity. Also figurative. Now chiefly literary and in references to Mark 14:3, John 12:3. Cf. spikenard n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume > plants and extracts used for roseeOE nardusOE nardOE lavendera1300 spikenardc1350 piste?1440 orris root1598 bainilla1678 amberseed1728 vanilla1728 ambrette1745 vanell1790 tonka bean1796 scent bean1822 muguet1830 lemon-grass1837 vanillea1845 sweet pea1890 snuff-bean1898 oak moss1921 tea olive1952 OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 3 Þa com an wif & hæfde hyre sealfbox deorwyrþes nardes. ?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 33 Nym þanne narð and pintreowes sæp and panic and wyrc þær drenc and syle hym drince. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) John xii. 3 Marie took a pound of oynement spikenard, or trewe narde, precious. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Song of Sol. i. 11 Whanne the kyng was in his restyng place, my narde [a1425 L.V. mad encens] ȝaf his odour. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 143 (MED) Her seed yf me reclyne In baume or narde or opi daies thre. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1997 Ambre, narde, & Myrre. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giii^v Your wordes be more sweter than ony precyous narde. 1555 J. Philpot Let. in R. Eden Exam. & Writings J. Philpot (1842) (modernized text) 233 You have plentifully poured upon me your precious nard. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xii. xii. 364 The good..and true Nard is known by the lightnes, red colour, sweet smell, and the tast especially. 1647 Bp. J. Taylor Θεολογία Ἐκλεκτική Ep. Ded. 3 Whose lessons were softer than Nard, or the Juice of the Candian Olive. 1708 J. Philips Cyder ii. 53 Steams, than Myrrh or Nard more grateful. 1737 H. Baker Medulla Poetarum Romanorum I. 97 With Wreaths of Nard the Guests their Temples bind. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor xxxviii. 134 Mutianus..had many holes filled with nard to nourish and moisten it. 1835 R. Browning Paracelsus iv. 133 Heap cassia, sandal-buds, and stripes Of labdanum, and aloe-balls Smear'd with dull nard. 1866 W. T. Brande & G. W. Cox Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (new ed.) II. 635/1 The Nard of the ancients..is now believed to have been the produce of a dwarf Valerianaceous herb. 1883 R. Broughton Belinda III. iii. vii. 8 Such a day as that one before which old George Herbert poured the nard and spices of his curious sweet verse. 1896 J. Curtin tr. H. Sienkiewicz Quo Vadis lxvi. 504 Waking in the splendid chamber..amidst the odor of verbena and nard, she knew not where she was. 1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 264/1 The beautiful story of Mary Magdalen washing the feet of Jesus with nard and drying them with her hair. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 364/1 True spikenard, or ‘nard’, was an expensive, spicy perfume made from the roots of a Himalayan plant, Nardostachys jatamansi. 2. An aromatic plant; spec. that from which the ointment nard was prepared, probably the Himalayan plant Nardostachys grandiflora (family Valerianaceae). Cf. spikenard n. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > spikenard nardOE nardusOE spike?1529 spikenard1548 sumbul1791 OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) vii. 258 [D]rince eft buccan micgan & ete nardes ear & wælwyrte moran. c1450 in Mod. Philol. (1924) 21 385 (MED) In this gardyn..were..Nard, flour gentyl, agnus castus the grete. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. sig. C4/2 Asarabacar, a kinde of Narde, a kinde of foale foote. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes The herbe Pepper-woort, narde or Coriander of Rome. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §616 There is a Kinde of Nard, in Creet,..that hath a Root hairy, like a Rough-footed-Doves foot. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 293 He..now is come Into the blissful field, through Groves of Myrrhe, And flouring Odours, Cassia, Nard, and Balme. View more context for this quotation 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Eclogues v, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 33 As much as lowly nard To beds of crimson roses,—in our mind So much Amyntas yieldeth unto thee. 1987 D. J. Mabberley Plant-bk. 390 N. grandiflora DC (‘N. jatamansi’, nard, spikenard). 3. Chiefly with distinguishing word: any of various other aromatic plants chiefly of the family Valerianaceae; the root of any of these plants. Now rare (in later use chiefly historical).† nard Celtic n. [ < classical Latin nardum Celticum (Pliny); compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος Κελτική, and also Old French narde celtice (second half of 13th cent.), Middle French nard celtique (1538)] Obsolete an aromatic plant with pinkish-white flowers, Valeriana celtica (family Valerianaceae (or Caprifoliaceae)), native to parts of the Alps; (also) the root of this plant, used in perfumery and (formerly) in medicine; = Celtic nard n. at Celtic adj. and n. Compounds 1.† nard savage n. [compare Hellenistic Greek νάρδος ἀγρία, classical Latin silvestre nardum (Pliny), Middle French nard sauvage (1562), Italian nardo saluatico (1611 in Florio)] Obsolete the plant asarabacca, Asarum europaeum.pistic nard: see pistic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Valerianaceae (valerian and allies) > [noun] valerianc1386 nard?1440 red cow basil1597 red, spur-, or spurred (also basil) valerian1597 red valerian1597 valerian-worts1747 teaselwort1846 valerian family1849 valerian tribe1855 valerian order1857 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xi. 359 (MED) Of gliciride Thre vnce, and take as myche of nard celtike. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 88 As for the plant Saliunca or Nard Celtick [etc.]. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 104 Some haue taken rustick-Nard to be the root of Bacchar, and so named it: the which hath put me in mind of French Nard. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Nardo saluatico, Nard-sauage. 1678 W. Salmon tr. Pharmacopœia Londinensis i. iv. 60 The male is the broad Italian Nard, (which is the sweeter) and is called Lavender. 1765 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. II. (at cited word) The Indian Nard..was formerly employed in the same intentions as the Celtic. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 347/2 It is curious that the Celtic and mountain nards are also Valerians. 1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 351 Nard, ‘the herb pepperwort’. Hal. This we cannot identify. Prior..says ‘various aromatic plants, chiefly of the Valerian tribe.’ 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 668/1 Celtic nard, obtained from the Ligurian Alps and Istria, consisted of the roots of plants also belonging to the valerian order... Mountain nard was collected in Cilicia and Syria. 1972 R. Genders Perfume through Ages iii. 49 The Mountain or Indian Nard of Dioscorides was to be found only in the more remote valleys of the Himalayas... Its botanical name is Nardostachys jatamansi. 4. Mat-grass, Nardus stricta. Also nard grass. Cf. nardus n. 3. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > mat-grass white bent1620 wire bent1756 mat-grass1777 nardus1777 nard1866 small matweed1866 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 777/2 The common Nard, or Matgrass..is a worthless grass for agricultural purposes. 1918 Jrnl. Ecol. 6 1 The popular names include bent, white grass, mat grass, mat-weed, wire-grass, and nard. 1987 D. J. Mabberley Plant-bk. 390 Nardus... N. stricta L. (mat grass, nard grass). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † nardv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: nard n. Etymology: < nard n. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To anoint with nard. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > oiliness or greasiness > [verb (transitive)] > smear with unguent > specific nard1879 vaseline1891 1879 Ld. Tennyson Lover's Tale (new ed.) 46 She took the body of my past delight, Narded..and balm'd it for herself. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.OEv.1879
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nardn.

† nardv.