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单词 nay
释义

nayv.

Brit. /neɪ/, U.S. /neɪ/
Forms: Middle English nai, Middle English naye, Middle English–1500s 1800s nay; also Scottish pre-1700 nai, pre-1700 nay.
Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Probably partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French naier , nier ; nay adv.1
Etymology: Originally < Anglo-Norman naier, neier, naer, etc., variants of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French nier to renounce (God) (late 10th cent.), to deny (mid 12th cent.), to refuse something to someone (late 12th cent.; French nier ; on initial ni- in place of the expected ne- see Trésor de la langue française at cited word) < classical Latin negāre negate v. In later use probably independently < nay adv.1 Compare ne v., renay v.
1.
a. transitive. Originally: †to deny (a matter) (obsolete). Now: (paired with yea) to turn (something) down.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > deny or contradict [verb (transitive)]
withquethec888
withsake971
falsea1225
withsay?c1225
denyc1300
again-saya1382
naitc1390
nitec1390
naya1400
nicka1400
warna1400
denytec1420
traversea1450
repugnc1456
unsayc1460
renay1512
disavow?1532
disaffirm1548
contradict1582
fault1585
belie1587
infringe1590
dementie1594
abnegate1616
negate1623
nege1624
abrenounce1656
nay-saya1774
negative1784
dement1884
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 19180 (MED) Þe merueil say ȝe þat þei did we may not nay hit, so is hit kid.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 2829 (MED) It myȝt nat be I-nayid, But Geffrey had..hem betrayed.
a1545 Now synge We i, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) I. 144 The crosses mistry can not be nayd.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 48 The quhilk ȝe can not nay.
1576 in W. Mackay & H. C. Boyd Rec. Inverness (1911) I. 250 And nayis the rest of the brocht.
1613 in W. Mackay & G. S. Laing Rec. Inverness (1924) II. 112 The said Margaret compeiringe, accusit nayit the sam.
1984 A. Rabin Rat & Rose (1996) xii. 133 And run through it they did—around the clock and in shifts they sped,..yeaing and naying the options which their real and intuited fervors afforded them.
1994 M. Matalin & J. Carville All's Fair (1995) 94 We sent it to the President and he sent it back, yeaing or naying the choices of state chairmen.
2010 N.Y. Times Mag. 5 Dec. 22/3 By yeaing and naying various Pandora choices as you go along, the algorithm free-associates you to music that's..perfectly you.
b. intransitive. To make denial; to say ‘nay’. Also transitive in quot. 1657 in to yea it and nay it.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (intransitive)]
warn1297
to say nay?a1300
refusec1400
assoinc1440
escondyte?1518
nay1532
disclaim1560
nay-saya1800
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxxxiiv Yea (quod she) but what if they hadden nayed.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 38 To this gude wemen will not nay, na tyme nor tyde.
1603 in W. Mackay & G. S. Laing Rec. Inverness (1924) II. 18 Johne McMiller nais and Duncan McFerquhar nais.
1657 J. Goodwin Βασανισται 6 [They] refuse to grant the indulgence..but unto such as will..yea it, and nay it, with them from one end of their faith unto the other.
1679 Established Test 23 A..Jesuit..can thou and thee, and yea and nay, as well as the best of them [sc. Quakers].
1820 Examiner 3 Sept. 573/2 E'en Church wad be her maist obedient;..Praying, Yea-ing, Nay-ing at her.
1943 Thomasville (Georgia) Times-Enterprise 19 Feb. 8/5 Whatever business had been going on down on the floor only those who had been speaking and yeaing and naying knew.
2011 News-Jrnl. (Daytona Beach, Florida) (Nexis) 26 Oct. a5 I wasn't sure if they were yeaing or naying.
†2.
a. transitive. To refuse (something, to do something). Also intransitive in quot. c14002. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse to do something
warnc900
withsaya1225
wondec1315
refusea1325
denya1400
nayc1400
recusec1425
renayc1489
renounce1582
disclaim1586
to draw the line1839
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 1836 (MED) He nay þat he nolde neghe in no wyse Nauþer golde ne garysoun.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 65 (MED) Anoþer nayed also, and nurned þis cawse.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. met. i. 25 Allas, allas, wiþ how deef an eere deeþ cruel tourneþ awey fro wrecches and naieþ [v.r. nayteþ] to closen wepyng eyen.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 5248 Now must ye goo ffurth in to perse, and this may not be nayde.
b. transitive. To refuse (something) to a person. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > something to a person or thing
nitea1400
nay1429
refuse1477
embar1611
1429 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) III. 332 (MED) I truste þat my soverain Lord..wol not naye me oþer þinges.
c1503 ( Complaynte Duke of Glouceter in R. Arnold Chron. f. cviijv Ye state of cardynal..was naied and denayed hym by ye kyng.
1562 Earl of Moray Let. 15 Feb. in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1898) I. 684 [Having made] gryt instance [that I recommend his present estate to your honour, which I will not] nay [him].
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 286 Gif I had nayit to him battall.
c. transitive. To give a refusal to (a person). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse a person something > give a refusal to a person
esconduya1450
nayc1475
c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 213 (MED) Let it be remembred how many..indignacions of men that ben nayed and put oute..prince ledinge werre is constreyned to herken.
1535 R. Copland tr. Complaynt of them that be to soone Maryed sig. B.ijv She me nayed.
1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 56 The swaine did wooe shee was nise, Following fashion nayed him twise.
1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 247 Come, nay me not.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nayadv.1n.

Brit. /neɪ/, U.S. /neɪ/
Forms: early Middle English næi, early Middle English naȝȝ ( Ormulum), early Middle English nei, Middle English nai, Middle English–1600s naie, Middle English–1600s (1800s archaic) naye, Middle English– nay, 1500s ney; English regional 1800s– naay (east midlands and northern), 1800s– nea (northern), 1800s– neaa (northern), 1800s– neah (northern), 1800s– nee (northern), 1800s– neea (northern), 1800s– neeah (northern), 1800s– neya (northern); Scottish pre-1700 ney, pre-1700 1700s– nay, 1800s– nae, 1900s– nee (Shetland), 1900s– nei (Shetland); also Irish English (Wexford) 1800s naay.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic nei , Old Swedish næi (Swedish nej ), Old Danish ney (Danish nej )) < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic ne ne adv.1 + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic ei , ey ay adv. In Shetland use via the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by the Scandinavian forms listed above. Compare no adv.1, no adv.2 Surv. Eng. Dial. records the adverb in use in Cumberland, Westmorland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, and Leicestershire. Sc. National Dict. s.v. nae adv.1 records the adverb as still in use in Shetland, Aberdeenshire, Ayrshire, and Roxburghshire in 1963, but notes that it has been mostly superseded by na , variant of no adv.2 and int.
Now chiefly archaic or regional (chiefly English regional (northern)).
A. adv.1
1. Now archaic or regional (chiefly English regional (northern)).
a. = no adv.2 1a; used to express negation, dissent, denial, or refusal, in answer to a statement, question, command, etc.In older usage nay was usually considered to be the proper negative reply to a question framed in the affirmative (yea would be the correct expression of a positive reply to the same). If the question was framed in the negative, then the proper negative reply would be no (with yes for a positive answer). This usage preserves the sense of nay as stemming from ne ay ‘not yes’. The distinction is explained by Thomas More:
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndales Answere iii. p. clxxxi No answereth the questyon framede by the affyrmatyue..yf a man sholde aske..is an heretyke mete to translate holy scrypture into englyshe..he muste answere nay and not no. But and yf the questyon be asked..Is not an heretyque mete to translate holy scripture into englysh. To this questyon..he muste answere no & not nay.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > negation > [adverb] > no
noOE
nayc1175
nonea1382
naw1699
nix1862
naow1884
uh-uh1885
nah1886
nope1888
ixnay1929
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [adverb] > expression of
nayc1175
nyet1928
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10285 Arrt tu Helyas efft o life?..naȝȝ. namm i nohht. Helyas efft o life.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 27 (MED) Awah, þet he..weneð þet hit wulle him helpen! Neisoðliche nawiht!
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 464 (MED) Þan min erende is ido, Sholde ich bileue? Nai, warto?
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 152 ‘Ȝef we þer-of ete, We scholde deye’.. ‘Nay,’ quaþ þe fend, ‘ac ȝe ne scholde.’
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 916 (MED) ‘I wold þe pray..bi what cas al þi care comsed bi a sweuene?’ ‘nai sertes, sweting,’ he seide.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vi. 47 ‘Ye, leue pers’, quod þis palmers... ‘Nai, bi þe peril of my soule’, quod pers.
a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 24 (MED) ‘Nay,’ he seyd, ‘þat wyl I not grawnt ȝow.’
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. iii–v. sig. a.iiii Found ye ony knyȝtes..seid sir ector. Nay said Arthur.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 151 (MED) ‘Ys ther any more That ye wyll declare agayn hym opynly?’ ‘Nay in dede,’ they seyde.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 111 Shal I go to her? Naie I will not.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. ii. 166 Nay Patience, Vou must not leaue me yet. View more context for this quotation
1688 J. Crowne Darius Prol. Nay, do not damn him much, if he writes ill.
1725 M. Davys Reform'd Coquet 78 Nay, said Berintha, let us take a bit of any thing along with us, and not stay for dinner.
1840 R. H. Barham Lay St. Nicholas in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 261 Now naye, in sooth it may hardly be.
1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux I. xxv. 204 Nay, duke, it was no pity. Had I done so, you could not have had us both.
1915 St. Nicholas June 729/2 ‘Nay, 't is in your powdering-box, where Mr. Powell left it,’ Mrs. Mummer assured me.
1935 E. R. Eddison Mistress vi. 98 Have I not proof of 's loyal mind within reason: his refusing on't when Lessingham did offer it? Nay, 'twas but stinking fish then: 'twas under suzerainty.
1991 B. Howell Dandelion Days (BNC) 112 ‘Have you reported it?’ ‘Nay, I've got mildew—gotta see to that first.’
b. Reduplicated, originally for the sake of emphasis; in later use passing into sense A. 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > not
neeOE
noughteOE
naughteOE
noeOE
nayc1175
notc1330
nata1350
nit1894
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10658 Sannt iohan..seȝȝde. naȝȝ lef laferrd naȝȝ. Ne darr i þe nohht fullhtnenn.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 9 Ne sweriȝeð, naiðer ne be heuene ne be ierðe ne bie nan oðer ðing, bute ia, ia, næi, nai.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 543 Nay nay sede þe niȝtingale.
c1330 Sir Orfeo (Auch.) (1966) 131 (MED) ‘Whider y go þou schalt wiþ me.’ ‘Nay, nay, Sir, þat nouȝt nis.’
c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 1098 Amended quod this knyght allas nay nay.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 3729 ‘Was þou not at me right now..?’ ‘I?’ he said, ‘nai, nai, goddote’.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) i. vi. sig. a.iiiiv Nay nay..I was neuer your fader.
1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. diiijv Thynkest that with theym it is scant, Naye naye man, I the warant.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. x. 48 Nay, nay, quod thay, he is with vs ago.
a1639 T. Dekker et al. Witch of Edmonton (1658) i. i. 4 Sir Art. Thou shalt be sure I will not fail thee. Frank. But our occasions. Sir Art. Nay, nay, Talk not of your occasions, trust my bounty.
1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iv. 70 ‘Upon my honour I have none left now.’ ‘Nay, nay I have known you deny your China before now, but you shan't put me off so.’
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. vi. ii. 232 ‘Nay, nay,’ answered she, smiling, ‘the Distemper is not so terrible.’ View more context for this quotation
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 139 ‘What, turn glover at last, Conachar?’ said Simon;..‘Nay, nay, your hand was not framed for that.’
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 84 The Efreet exclaimed, Nay, Nay!—to which the fisherman answered, Yea.
1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. lxxxvi. 354 ‘There would be no happiness in bringing you any fresh trouble.’ ‘Nay, nay—work is my delight, child, when it doesn't vex your mother.’
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel i. 7 ‘Nay, nay!’ he said at last, ‘those aristos weren't in the cart; the driver was not the Scarlet Pimpernel!’
1957 Mearns Leader 17 May 3/3 ‘Nae, nae,’ said The Moler..‘tae is a' richt.’
1990 P. Wiat Child Bride (BNC) 152 ‘She fears a mischief has been done, do you mean?’ Alianor wished the words unspoken as soon as uttered. ‘Nay, nay, there is always talk—one learns to disregard it!’
c. Used as an introductory word, without any direct negation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > objection > [adverb] > expression of
yeaOE
naya1325
a1325 St. Bridget (Corpus Cambr.) 238 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 45 (MED) Were wymmen ivare nouþe so, wo so wolde ȝeorne crie As wel we mowe segge, nay, wat halt it to lye?
?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 588 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 76 Master Brundyche. I haue gyven hyr a drynke made full well... Colle. Nay, than she ys full saue.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. E2 Well said, Father! Nay, if he take you in hand, Sir, [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iii. 35 I'll dress her up in the Suit..little Sir James; nay, I understand the Town tricks: Come let's go dress her.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere i, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 6 Nay, if thou'st got a laughsome tale, Marinere! come with me!
1846 W. F. Hook Church Dict. (ed. 5) 510 Nay, and a prime visitation was held commonly..on the very calends of May.
1876 H. James Roderick Hudson vi. 208 Nay, what are you smiling at so damnably?
1960 J. Barth Sot-weed Factor iii. xix. 760 Stir thy stumps, there, Nicholas me lad—nay, what is't, now?
1992 E. Rhodes Ruth Appleby (BNC) 131 She searched around for further words to express her grief, but could find none, and kept repeating herself. ‘Nay, but it's a bad do!’
2. to say nay (also to answer nay). Cf. nay-saying n.
a. To express dissent or contradiction; to disagree; to deny (a fact, statement, etc.). Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > dissent or disagreement > dissent or disagree [verb (intransitive)] > express dissent
to say naya1300
a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) 266 Þu seyst þat ich me hude a day, Þar to ne segge ich nyk no nay.
c1330 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Auch.) (1966) 598 Ȝhe ne answerede nai ne ȝo.
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 148 (MED) Sum men seiþ þat deþ is a þef..And I sey nay.
c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 1339 Myghte no man seye nay But that they weren as hem oghte be.
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 777 (MED) Of Thebes Edippus shal be kyng By ful assent, was non þat seid nay.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliv. 305 He was examyned of certayne poyntes that were put vpon hym and he sayd not nay.
a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 19v But I say nay; thay [sc. sinews, veins, arteries] bene nought sowed' sotillyche whan her' keruyng' is gret.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 772 I say not nay, but that it were very conuenient.
1606 W. Herbert Englands Sorrowe sig. C2 I say There is a God, though all the world say nay.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xii. 406 When Jesuites unto us answer Nay, They do not English speak, 't is Greek they say.
1734 Fidler's Fling at Roguery ii. 110 Truths bright and plain as the Noon-Day, That Saints nor Atheists dare say nay.
1796 J. Cottle Poems 63 With England's king a peace to make I do not answer nay.
1814 G. Hanger Sporting (fly-leaf) A Sportsman entire—who says nay, tells a banger.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick cxxvi. 579 They declared that now they knew the reason of those wild shrieks they had heard the night before. But again the old Manxman said nay.
1990 C. R. Johnson Middle Passage (1991) vi. 132 The others tossed Cringle's life back and forth among them, some grumbling aye..to his execution,..some like Ngonyama saying la, or nay.
b. To refuse, prohibit, voice opposition.
†(a) With of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > negation > negate [verb (intransitive)]
to say nay?a1300
no1820
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (intransitive)]
warn1297
to say nay?a1300
refusec1400
assoinc1440
escondyte?1518
nay1532
disclaim1560
nay-saya1800
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (intransitive)]
to say nay?a1300
forbida1616
?a1300 Dame Sirith 179 in G. H. McKnight Middle Eng. Humorous Tales (1913) 9 Of hir loue hoe seiz me nai.
c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 1019 Lat se which is the proudeste of hem alle..That dar seye nay of that I shal thee teche.
a1425 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 121 Of myn askynge say not nay, But helpe me, lord.
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 24 (MED) Yef ani man askis hir ohte þat es a-gain resun, sho sal..saie naie of þaire ful asking.
a1500 Gospel of Nicodemus (Harl. 149) (1974) 122 (MED) Yf the aungel..sey nay of thyn entre, sey to hym þat Jhesu Cryst hath sente the hyder.
1604 E. Hake Humble Petitions 1 Yet must Subiects Caesars duties pay: No faithfull Subiect will thereof say nay.
(b) Without prepositional phrase. Now rare.
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 624 (MED) A ring he rauȝt him tite; Þe porter seyd nouȝt nay.
c1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess 1243 This was the grete Of hir answere: she sayde ‘nay’ Al outerly.
1500 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 110 They wold reteyne theym wo so euer wold sey nay.
a1685 Earl of Argyll To Lady Sophia Lindsay in R. Law Memorialls (1818) 213 (note) Our admirall, though tide and wind say nay, He'll row, and work, and sulk it all the way.
1693 J. Bancroft Henry II ii. ii. 15 He that sits down contented with a Lady's answering Nay, twice or thrice, will be Curst by the Woman.
1771 A. Lindsay Auld Robin Gray My heart it said nay.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xxix. 139 If Captain Ahab was pleased to walk the planks, then, no one could say nay.
1990 P. Wiat Child Bride (BNC) 49 I asked if you also were to be told but mama said nay.
(c) With to (a person or thing). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse a person something
warnc1000
to say nay?c1450
reject1578
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 4230 (MED) Some bad þe bolnyng cutt away, Some þai saide þarto nay.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 48 Fortune semed at the last That to her promes she saide nay.
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iv. iv. 59 in Wks. II Was. Why, I say nay to 't. Qvar. O there he is! Kno. To what doe you say nay, Sir? Was. To any thing, whatsoeuer it is, so long as I do not like it.
1779 J. Lovell in J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 481 Could I say nay to Deane..?
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. vii. 63 If a smart young colonel, with five or six thousand a year, should want one of my girls, I shall not say nay to him. View more context for this quotation
1899 R. Hovey Last Songs from Vagabondia (1908) 15 Who shall say nay to our navies?
1912 J. Conrad Secret Sharer i, in 'Twixt Land & Sea 125 Of course, theoretically, I could do what I liked, with no one to say nay to me within the whole circle of the horizon.
a1930 S. Image Poems (1932) 3 My darling,..who can say nay to you?
c.
(a) To refuse or prohibit (a person).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]
warnc897
willeOE
forbidc1000
warnc1000
willOE
asake1250
withsay1297
gainsayc1330
recusea1387
naitc1390
to say naya1393
again-say?a1400
denyc1400
withnayc1400
biwern1413
refuse?1435
resist1539
detrect1542
renege1545
detract1572
waive1642
declinea1691
nay-say1762
nay-saya1774
nix1903
off1908
ixnay1937
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > prohibit a person from doing something
forbidc1175
to say naya1393
prohibit1483
embarc1506
inhibitc1540
restrain1544
interdictc1575
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 55 (MED) Bot for sche wol noght gladly swere, Sche seith me nay withouten oth.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 323 (MED) Tell me the sothe, say me not nay, where that he lyys.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xx. 7 He sent vnto me..for sylver & golde, & I haue not sayde him naye.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xciiijv The Ambassadours of the Cities,..requyryng a Copye, were sayde naye.
1648 R. Crashaw Delights Muses (ed. 2) 68 What dangers can there be dare say me nay?
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables xxxi The Fox made Several Excuses,..but the Stork..would not be said Nay.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 105. ⁋3 He would not say her nay in any Thing.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. x. 245 There came three merry men..To win the Widow of Wycombe forth, And where was the widow might say them nay?
1842 Ld. Tennyson Will Waterproof's Monologue in Poems (new ed.) II. 186 Long and largely we carouse As who shall say me nay.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 299 On he went through Latium.., no one daring to say him nay, till he pitched his camp upon the Arno.
1946 ‘A. Gilbert’ Spinster's Secret xvi. 155 Mrs. Barnes can pin any name she likes to either of the others, and who am I to say her nay?
1963 S. Bedford Favourite of Gods i. i. 30 Anna, though not quite of age, had no-one to say her nay.
1988 Jerusalem Post 7 Oct. 21 The business strategy he implemented kept the bank's profits ringing up at a furious pace... With this kind of success, no one could say him nay.
†(b) In passive. To be refused or forbidden to someone. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 3141 God grauntyd þat remission..To no man schuld be seyd nay.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xix. 433 Noo thing shall be sayd nay to you.
3.
a. or nay: or not. Cf. not adv. 7a. Now English regional (East Anglian).
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges xx. 23 Schal I more gon forth to fiȝtyn aȝenst þe sones of Benjamyn my breþeren or nay [a1425 L.V. ether nay; L. an non]?
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 13451 (MED) I dar noght sai Quere þis was þat ilk or nai.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1909 (MED) His hy prudence hath insighte verray To iuge if it be wel y-made or nay.
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2086 (MED) Of som parties separable A taste may wel be covenable..to make a-say whether thei be wel wroght or nay.
1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 20v Demaunded of hym..whether he was in purgatory or nay.
1583 B. Rich Phylotus & Emelia (1835) 20 Let me aske you this question, dooe you knowe my father, or naie.
1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II p. lx By any other means to force and drive People, whether they will or nay, into Compliance.
a1903 F. Hall in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 235/1 [East Suffolk] Let me know whether you will do it, or nay.
†b. Not; used in contradiction of a statement, or in agreement with a negative statement, after verbs of thought or utterance, or impersonal verbs of seeming, and without subordinate clause. Cf. not adv. 7c. Obsolete.Frequently in indirect speech and contexts suggestive of indirect speech, standing for a ‘no’ in direct speech.
ΚΠ
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. viii. 135 (MED) Bote Catoun construweþ hit nay [v.r. nouȝt], An Canonistres boþe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 10441 (MED) Ne wat þou noght, it semes nai, Quat a fest it es to dai?
1428 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 2 Had noght Thomas Bracebrygg counseld hym nay and lettid hym.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 116 (MED) But nay [Fr. nennil] of his song he ne rouhte.
c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 860 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 252 Robert poynted as naye; And woulde have them to beare the bed awaye.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. 378 Every thyng consydred they thought it best naye.
4. Now archaic and humorous.
a. Or rather; moreover; and even.Used to introduce a more correct, precise, or emphatic statement than the one first made.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [adverb] > outstandingly > introducing statement more emphatic than preceding
yeac1225
nay1550
1550 R. Sherry tr. Erasmus Declam. Chyldren in Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. H4v Better it is to be of a brutishe rather then of an ungracious mind. Naye better it is to be a swyne, then an unlearned and euyll man.
1585–6 Earl of Leicester Corr. (1844) 380 We haue but a litle monie, only so much, na, skant so much, as shall bringe vs together.
1634 J. Ford Chron. Hist. Perkin Warbeck i. sig. B2v What follie, nay, what madnesse 'twere to lift A finger vp.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. ii. §14 Nay, Epicurus himself takes away any center of that motion of Atoms.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 93. ¶2 Several Hours of the Day hang upon our Hands, nay we wish away whole Years.
1778 F. Burney Evelina I. ii. 5 I have weighty, nay unanswerable reasons.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. vii. 623 The terms of this agreement, the gentlemen..arraigned as inadequate, nay humiliating.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 598 He would see Bristol burned down, he said, nay, he would burn it down himself.
1884 B. Bosanquet et al. tr. H. Lotze Metaphysic 262 Nay if we go further and make the provisional admission that [etc.].
1926 J. Buchan Dancing Floor ii. xii. 225 My worst fears—nay, what had seemed to me mere crazy imaginings—had been realised.
1963 R. H. Morrieson Scarecrow (1964) i. 3 The house..where we were living in the early autumn of this memorable, nay, unforgettable, year.
1988 A. Bennett Talking Heads 41 He grips my hand in public, nay brandishes it. ‘We're a team,’ he cries.
b. nay even: even indeed, even in particular; even rather, even moreover.More emphatic than nay or even alone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > especially or particularly [phrase] > even
nay even1606
1606 L. Andrewes Serm. on Resurrection in XCVI Serm. (1629) 391 We were not onely within the Dominion, but within the Verge, nay even within the very gates of death.
a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 424 Perseus..sent away the Rodians open Vessels, and Eudemus their President without Violation, nay even civilly entreated.
1709 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels IV. 4 Can the Jews in particular pretend Ignorance Nay even of this Dispensation..?
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. iii. v. 182 Yet was Thwackum altogether as kind and gentle to this Youth, as he was harsh, nay even barbarous, to the other. View more context for this quotation
1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. x. p. xcviii Now, pleasure is in itself a good: nay, even setting aside immunity from pain, the only good.
a1817 J. Austen Persuasion (1818) IV. vii. 130 He looked very well, not as if he had been suffering in health or spirits, and he talked of Uppercross.., nay, even of Louisa. View more context for this quotation
1845 E. A. Poe Gold-bug in Tales 18 I had become most unaccountably interested—nay, even excited.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xvii. 205 He is surprised to find that a..teacher of Christianity..may kill vermin, eat flesh, nay even marry a wife.
1909 J. London South of Slot in Sat. Evening Post 22 May 37/2 He devoted himself to Catherine Van Vorst, and day by day found more to respect and admire in her—nay, even to love in her.
1923 T. S. Moore Judas 20 Wonderful words, nay, even new parables..beat about his brain.
1986 Electronic Musician May 43/3 If you..want your introduction to computers to be absolutely painless, nay, even fun..then the Mac..will probably fit the bill.
B. n.
1.
†a. without nay: beyond doubt or dispute, assuredly, certainly. Obsolete.In early use found chiefly in verse as a metrical filler. Cf. it is no nay at sense B. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > of course, certainly [phrase]
to iwissea1000
mid iwissea1000
in wisc1000
to wis(se)c1000
without(en (any) weenc1175
sans fail1297
thereof no strife1297
but werea1300
forouten werea1300
out of werea1300
without werea1300
without deceit1303
for certainc1320
it is to wittingc1320
withouten carec1320
without nayc1330
without noc1330
without (but out of) dread1340
no doubtc1380
without distancec1390
no fresea1400
out of doubta1400
without doubta1400
for, (in, at obs.), of, to (a) certaintyc1400
withouten stance14..
hazel woods shakea1413
of, on, in warrantisec1440
sure enough?1440
without question?1440
wythout diswerec1440
without any dispayrec1470
for (also of) a surety?a1475
in (also for) surenessa1475
of certainc1485
without any (also all) naya1500
out of question?1526
past question?1526
for sure1534
what else1540
beyond (also out of, past, without) (all) peradventure1542
to be a bidden by1549
out of (also without) all cry1565
with a witness1579
upon my word1591
no question1594
out of all suspicion1600
for a certain1608
without scruple1612
to be sure1615
that's pos1710
in course1722
beyond (all) question1817
(and) no mistake1818
no two ways about it (also that)1818
of course1823
bien entendu1844
yessiree1846
you bet you1857
make no mistake1876
acourse1883
sans doute1890
how are you?1918
you bet your bippy1968
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2514 (MED) He diȝt it, wiþ outen nay, And hom it brouȝt an heiȝe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1283 (MED) Seth went him forth wit-outen nai To paradis þat ilk way.
c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) 401 (MED) Þat name wyþoute nay Hyt bereþ ȝut in-to þis day.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Lion & Mouse l. 1371 in Poems (1981) 55 My natall land is Rome, withoutin nay.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cclx Vnder fote of folys without nay Phylosophy lyeth oppressyd.
1563 J. Man tr. W. Musculus Common Places Christian Relig. 31 We do al declare without nay..that this law is wryten within us.
1594 R. Holland Holie Hist. Lord & Saviour 193 I hid thy money without nay.
b. without any (also all) nay: beyond any possible doubt. Now archaic and rare.More emphatic than without nay at sense B. 1a, but still sometimes found as a filler in early use. In quot. 1931 used in parody of Middle English verse.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > of course, certainly [phrase]
to iwissea1000
mid iwissea1000
in wisc1000
to wis(se)c1000
without(en (any) weenc1175
sans fail1297
thereof no strife1297
but werea1300
forouten werea1300
out of werea1300
without werea1300
without deceit1303
for certainc1320
it is to wittingc1320
withouten carec1320
without nayc1330
without noc1330
without (but out of) dread1340
no doubtc1380
without distancec1390
no fresea1400
out of doubta1400
without doubta1400
for, (in, at obs.), of, to (a) certaintyc1400
withouten stance14..
hazel woods shakea1413
of, on, in warrantisec1440
sure enough?1440
without question?1440
wythout diswerec1440
without any dispayrec1470
for (also of) a surety?a1475
in (also for) surenessa1475
of certainc1485
without any (also all) naya1500
out of question?1526
past question?1526
for sure1534
what else1540
beyond (also out of, past, without) (all) peradventure1542
to be a bidden by1549
out of (also without) all cry1565
with a witness1579
upon my word1591
no question1594
out of all suspicion1600
for a certain1608
without scruple1612
to be sure1615
that's pos1710
in course1722
beyond (all) question1817
(and) no mistake1818
no two ways about it (also that)1818
of course1823
bien entendu1844
yessiree1846
you bet you1857
make no mistake1876
acourse1883
sans doute1890
how are you?1918
you bet your bippy1968
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 362 What so he will..withoutten any nay For he is god.
?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 93 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 61 In all maner of londys, without ony naye, My merchaundyse renneth.
1563 J. Man tr. W. Musculus Common Places Christian Relig. 286 We be without any naye..sealed up unto the fayth of the holye Trinitie.
1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 759 Without al nay (sayth Musculus) it conteyneth the prophesie of the proud King of Babylon.
1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 156 Without all nay, the Church of England is of his minde.
1931 J. Masefield Minnie Maylow's Story 19 Thou wast so wlatsom, so abhominable, And eke so mordrous without any nay.
2.
a. An utterance of the word ‘nay’; a negative reply or (esp. North American) vote; a denial, refusal, or prohibition. Cf. no n.1 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > negation > [noun] > utterance or instance of
nayc1390
non1551
no1598
not1608
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > a denial or refusal
nayc1390
negation?a1425
non1551
negativec1571
counterbuff1579
say-nay1657
repellent1777
repellence1817
raspberry1919
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [noun] > a prohibition
forbodea1000
nayc1390
negativec1400
restraint1439
non1551
countermandment1560
countermand1581
estoppel1583
forbid1602
embarment1606
embargo1692
don'ta1826
forbiddance1855
the mind > language > statement > negation > [noun] > vote
no1588
non placet1589
non1679
nay1685
c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 488 (MED) Oþer a nay, or A ȝa? Soone tel þou me swa!
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) 19773 Petir nickid þaim na nai Bot to þis liccam com þat lai.
a1500 Foly of Fulys & Thewis of Wysmen 173 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 56 Thar ȝa is ȝai, thar nay is nay.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xvi. 65 A nay of you myght cause my herte to breke.
1550 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue (new ed.) i. xi. sig. C Ye maie..mend thre naies with one ye.
1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iii. 75 For the tenth penny which the Duke woulde haue no nay of.
1613 G. Radcliffe Let. 26 Mar. in T. D. Whitaker Life & Orig. Corr. (1810) 90 There is a faire bedde there also, which she determineth to sell, and would have you to have the first nay of it.
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. xxxii. 26) 262 He would have no nay at Gods hands.
1685 J. Wright Compend. View Late Tumults 173 The Question being put whether they should assent and submit to His Majesties Order of Regulation.., it was carried in the affirmative... The Yeas being 104, and the Nays 86.
1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 159 Nay is not much used, it being reckon'd ungentile.
1807 J. Turner Let. 23 Jan. in Papers of John Steele (1924) II. 492 A Bill has passed the H.R. repealing the duty on salt with only 5 nays.
1871 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1869–70 8 5 Mr. Dalton demanded the yeas and nays.
1896 Omaha Bee 18 Feb. 3/5 The members had taken the alarm and numerous ‘nays’ came back in response to the roll call.
1935 E. R. Eddison Mistress xv. 304 Flat nays and yeas of these which were, as I had supposed, opinable matters and disputable!
1993 Parade 3 Jan. 14/3 A new President who doesn't like to be a naysayer is going to have to say a lot of nays.
b. to have nay: to receive a refusal. Frequently in proverbial phrases. Cf. to nick —— with nay at nick v.1 2a. Now rare (in later use archaic and poetic).
ΚΠ
c1475 MS Cambr. Univ. Libr. Ee.4.37 f. iiv, in C. Brown & R. H. Robbins Index Middle Eng. Verse (1943) 186 He that will not when he may, When he will he shall have nay.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 140 Yf I haue nay, yet reke I nat.
1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. A.iiii He that wyl not when he may, When he wold he shall haue nay.
1631 J. Mabbe tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd ix. 110 He that will not when he may, when hee would, hee shall haue nay.
1758 A. Murphy Upholsterer ii. 34 As the Poet says, ‘She that will not when she may, When she will, she shall have nay’.
1823 A. Allan New Gentle Shepherd iii. ii. 35 No more through secrets I can sift... 'Tis but at times I have that gift, Else you would not have nay.
1897 G. Sigerson tr. Bards of Gael & Gall 153 Jesukin, my good for aye, Calling and will not have nay.
a1923 M. Colborne-Veel Little Anthol. (1924) 38 This adage sooth hath said..Whoso will not when he lightly may, Shall have ‘Nay, nay’.
1958 B. Pym Glass of Blessings xi. 136 ‘It was a rather pretty little box, just the kind of thing you like.’.. ‘I know,’ I said. ‘If you will not when you may, when you will you shall have nay.’
†3. it (also this, that, there) is no (also none) nay; also no nay.
a. Undeniably; undoubtedly. Obsolete.In early use found chiefly as a metrical filler. Cf. without nay at sense B. 1a.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 263 Oure corn is stoln, soothly it is na nay [v.rr. it is non nay; is ne nay].
c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) 433 (MED) I wot wel for soþe þat þis is no nay.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. 38 (MED) No nay is That snaylis rather latte hem for to growe.
c1500 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 240 (MED) Ho ȝouth schall pas & departe a-wey, And deth schall come, þat is none ney.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giiiiv Without fayle syr that is no nay.
?1555 M. Coverdale tr. Hope of Faythful Pref. f. iiiiv The lord no nay shal graunt our request.
a1586 King Hart l. 138 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 259 Ane legioun..Folowit this quene trewlie this is no nay.
1627 W. Sclater Briefe Expos. 2 Thess. 141 No nay, but Rome must be the Church, against which the gates of hell preuaile not.
b. Indicating that there is no possibility of refusal. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1579 E. Hake Newes out of Powles Churchyarde (1872) iv. sig. Diiv This day, my Lorde his speciall friende Must dyne with him (no nay).
a1643 W. Browne (T.) There was no nay, but I must in.
1872 J. Payne Songs Life & Death (ed. 2) 18 There was no nay; so out I went.
4. Chiefly in plural. A person who votes against a proposal, esp. in a parliamentary division (division n. 8) or (in later use) the U.S. Congress. Usually contrasted with aye or yea. Frequently in the nays have it: those voting against a proposal are in the majority; a proposal has been voted against. Cf. no n.1 3b, aye n. 2b, yea n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > negation > [noun] > vote > those who vote negatively
no1657
nay1742
content1779
1742 Country Jrnl. 21 Aug. The whole Magpye B——ch of Yeas and Nays.
1751 Parl. Hist. Eng. III. 34 The Question was put, and it being doubtful whether the Yeas or Nays had it, the House divided.
1832 Let. 11 July in Boston Courier 19 July 1/1 The Speaker promptly decided ‘the nays have it’.
1939 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 26 66 The twelve nays were all Republicans.
1980 Washington Post 21 Dec. c5/1 How the president votes at the Cabinet table determines whether the ayes or nays have it.
2006 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 3 Sept. 1 d The nays won overwhelmingly, 126–26.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† nayadv.2

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: ne adv.1, ay adv.
Etymology: < ne adv.1 + ay adv.
Obsolete. rare.
Never.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] > never
neverOE
ne'erc1275
late?a1439
naya1547
Latter Lammas1559
when the devil is blind1645
on (at) the Greek Calendsa1649
Queen Dick1652
tomorrow come never1660
nowhena1767
on Tib's Eve1785
a1547 Earl of Surrey Descr. Restless State in Poems 184 Thus shall my heart nay part her fro.
1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre ccv, in Posies sig. Kviiv I beare it well in minde, And shall it nay forget whyles lyfe doth last.
1594 Zepheria xxiv. sig. D4v With wing of immortallitie, Thy loue is clad, nay ought may her vnsanctifie But proud disdaine.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
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v.a1400adv.1n.c1175adv.2a1547
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