nefn.¹

Brit.

/nɛf/, U.S.

/nɛf/

Forms: 1600s– nef, 1700s–1800s neff; Scottish pre-1700 nef.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French nef.

Etymology: < Middle French, French nef ship (mid 11th cent. in Old French), nave of a church (mid 12th cent.), royal table ornament in the shape of a ship containing seasoning and spices (late 14th cent.) < classical Latin nāvis (see nave n.²). With senses 1, 3 compare navet n.¹ With sense 2 compare nave n.²Not fully naturalized in English.

1. A table ornament in the shape of a ship, usually made of intricately worked silver and originally used to hold condiments, table napkins, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > other tableware or items for table

pewter1426

warnera1552

nef1567

pewtery1645

hollow-ware1682

equipage1683

flatware1686

napkin ring1686

pewterware1738

egg cup1773

dish-rim1774

butter cooler1784

dish-cross1785

argyll1789

toast-rack1801

centrepiece1836

table centrepiece1850

silverware1862

doily1864

table centre1865

potato ring1888

egg-cosy1894

sandwich flag1907

cheese board1916

Lazy Susan1917

1567 in J. Robertson Inuentaires Royne Descosse (1863) App. p. cxlviii Ane nef of silver ourgilt.

1834 M. Edgeworth Helen II. ix. 192 Every officer of the household making reverential obeisance as they passed to the Nef—the Nef being..a piece of gilt plate in the shape of the hull of a ship, in which the napkins for the king's table are kept.

1862 T. Wright Hist. Domest. Manners 163 Of these ornaments, one of the most remarkable was the nef or ship—a vessel generally of silver which contained the salt-cellar, towel, &c., of the prince or great lord.

1938 H. G. Wells Apropos of Dolores iv. 161 There was a nef on the upright piano, various ships in bottles and tinted engravings of ships.

1975 Daily Tel. 10 Jan. 13/6 Gay Antiques paid £2,700 for a large late 19th-Century silver-gilt threemasted nef.

1999 Court Historian 4 22 After the meal the nef would be filled with the scraps which were distributed by the almoner to the poor.

†2. The nave of a church. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > nave > [noun]

bodyc1390

boukc1420

middle pace1499

bulk1518

holy place1526

ship1613

bodystead1623

cella1652

nave1673

cella1676

nef1687

auditorium1728

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 187 The Church is very spacious, the Nef or Body of it is round.

1718 J. Addison Remarks Italy (ed. 2) 58 The long Nef consists of a Row of Five Cupola's.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1775 I. 511 [Johnson:] We saw the cathedral... The choir splendid... The Neff very high and grand.

†3. = navicula n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > incense holder > [noun]

ship1422

navet1467

incense-pan1611

naviculac1626

boat1760

incense-boat1853

nef1867

1867 M. E. Herbert Impress. Spain (1868) 208 In the sacristy was..a nacre nef and some fine heads of saints.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nefn.²

Brit.

/nɛf/, U.S.

/nɛf/

Forms: 1900s– Nef, 1900s– nef.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: negative adj., factor n.

Etymology: < ne- (in negative adj.) + -f (in factor n.) (see quot. 1988).

Virology.

Usually in form nef: an auxiliary gene present in the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Also (usually in form Nef): the protein encoded by this gene, having complex functions involved in the enhancement of viral replication, infectivity, and pathogenicity.By convention the name of the gene is italicized in more technical sources.

ΚΠ

1988 R. Gallo et al. Nature 9 June 504/2 (table) Proposed name (and derivation)..nef (negative factor)..Reduces virus expression, GTP-binding.

1989 New Scientist 25 Mar. 50/2 There are..two genes, called vif and nef, which code for proteins that affect the level of virus produced.

1993 Sci. Amer. Sept. 72/3 Nef protein may somehow modify the cell to make it more suitable for manufacturing HIV virions later.

1999 Esquire Mar. 171/1 HIV is made up of many genes: nef is perhaps the most tantalizing but least well understood.

2001 Nature 12 Apr. 838/1 HIV-1 Nef thus joins a growing list of pathogen-derived proteins..that effectively target and inhibit cellular kinases, thereby creating an intracellular environment that is more favourable for pathogen survival and spread.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nef
释义	nefn.¹ Brit. /nɛf/, U.S. /nɛf/ Forms: 1600s– nef, 1700s–1800s neff; Scottish pre-1700 nef. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French nef. Etymology: < Middle French, French nef ship (mid 11th cent. in Old French), nave of a church (mid 12th cent.), royal table ornament in the shape of a ship containing seasoning and spices (late 14th cent.) < classical Latin nāvis (see nave n.²). With senses 1, 3 compare navet n.¹ With sense 2 compare nave n.²Not fully naturalized in English. 1. A table ornament in the shape of a ship, usually made of intricately worked silver and originally used to hold condiments, table napkins, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > other tableware or items for table pewter1426 warnera1552 nef1567 pewtery1645 hollow-ware1682 equipage1683 flatware1686 napkin ring1686 pewterware1738 egg cup1773 dish-rim1774 butter cooler1784 dish-cross1785 argyll1789 toast-rack1801 centrepiece1836 table centrepiece1850 silverware1862 doily1864 table centre1865 potato ring1888 egg-cosy1894 sandwich flag1907 cheese board1916 Lazy Susan1917 1567 in J. Robertson Inuentaires Royne Descosse (1863) App. p. cxlviii Ane nef of silver ourgilt. 1834 M. Edgeworth Helen II. ix. 192 Every officer of the household making reverential obeisance as they passed to the Nef—the Nef being..a piece of gilt plate in the shape of the hull of a ship, in which the napkins for the king's table are kept. 1862 T. Wright Hist. Domest. Manners 163 Of these ornaments, one of the most remarkable was the nef or ship—a vessel generally of silver which contained the salt-cellar, towel, &c., of the prince or great lord. 1938 H. G. Wells Apropos of Dolores iv. 161 There was a nef on the upright piano, various ships in bottles and tinted engravings of ships. 1975 Daily Tel. 10 Jan. 13/6 Gay Antiques paid £2,700 for a large late 19th-Century silver-gilt threemasted nef. 1999 Court Historian 4 22 After the meal the nef would be filled with the scraps which were distributed by the almoner to the poor. †2. The nave of a church. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > nave > [noun] bodyc1390 boukc1420 middle pace1499 bulk1518 holy place1526 ship1613 bodystead1623 cella1652 nave1673 cella1676 nef1687 auditorium1728 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 187 The Church is very spacious, the Nef or Body of it is round. 1718 J. Addison Remarks Italy (ed. 2) 58 The long Nef consists of a Row of Five Cupola's. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1775 I. 511 [Johnson:] We saw the cathedral... The choir splendid... The Neff very high and grand. †3. = navicula n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > incense holder > [noun] ship1422 navet1467 incense-pan1611 naviculac1626 boat1760 incense-boat1853 nef1867 1867 M. E. Herbert Impress. Spain (1868) 208 In the sacristy was..a nacre nef and some fine heads of saints. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). nefn.² Brit. /nɛf/, U.S. /nɛf/ Forms: 1900s– Nef, 1900s– nef. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: negative adj., factor n. Etymology: < ne- (in negative adj.) + -f (in factor n.) (see quot. 1988). Virology. Usually in form nef: an auxiliary gene present in the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Also (usually in form Nef): the protein encoded by this gene, having complex functions involved in the enhancement of viral replication, infectivity, and pathogenicity.By convention the name of the gene is italicized in more technical sources. ΚΠ 1988 R. Gallo et al. Nature 9 June 504/2 (table) Proposed name (and derivation)..nef (negative factor)..Reduces virus expression, GTP-binding. 1989 New Scientist 25 Mar. 50/2 There are..two genes, called vif and nef, which code for proteins that affect the level of virus produced. 1993 Sci. Amer. Sept. 72/3 Nef protein may somehow modify the cell to make it more suitable for manufacturing HIV virions later. 1999 Esquire Mar. 171/1 HIV is made up of many genes: nef is perhaps the most tantalizing but least well understood. 2001 Nature 12 Apr. 838/1 HIV-1 Nef thus joins a growing list of pathogen-derived proteins..that effectively target and inhibit cellular kinases, thereby creating an intracellular environment that is more favourable for pathogen survival and spread. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1567n.²1988
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nefn.¹

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