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单词 native
释义

nativen.

Brit. /ˈneɪtɪv/, U.S. /ˈneɪdɪv/
Forms: late Middle English natife, late Middle English 1600s (1800s– regional (western)) natif, 1500s natyue, 1500s (1800s– English regional) natyve, 1500s–1600s natiue, 1500s– native; Scottish pre-1700 natiue, pre-1700 natyve, pre-1700 1700s– native.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nativus.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin nativus a person born in bondage (frequently in British sources from the late 12th cent.), a person born in a specified place (late 14th cent. in a British source), use as noun of classical Latin nātīvus native adj. In later use sometimes directly from the Latin adjective. Compare Middle French, French natif (mid 16th cent.), Italian nativo (16th cent.), both in sense 3a.
I. Senses relating to birth.
1. Under feudal and similar systems: a person born in bondage; a person born to servants, tenants, etc., and inheriting their status. Cf. naif n.1 1. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > slave > one born in slavery
native1381
naif1531
1381 in W. Fraser Douglas Bk. (1885) III. 29 Witht courtes eschetez seruicez of fretenantez and natyves.
c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 154 (MED) I..haue i-grauntid to þe forsaide Abbot and Couent þe saide Aliz, sumtyme my Natife.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 559 (MED) Thomas..warantized..to the forsaid siris..the forsaid bondmen or natifis.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem f. 90v Some are born bond-men, or natiues of their gudsher, and grandsher, quhom the Lord may challenge to be his naturall natiues.
1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 8 At this day, the Issue which is begotten by a Free man of a Native, is free.
1667 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1916) II. 12 When his natives heard of his good success they flocked to him from all airts so that within a quarter of a year he was master of all his estate.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Nativus There being three sorts of Servants, viz. Natives, Bondmen, and Villains.
1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (1896) III. 625 It is obvious that..the native so emancipated laboured under other disqualifications.
1895 J. Colville Social Eng. III. 285 These lairds had also their natives and husbandmen for labour in feudal services.
1985 N. Thrift in D. Gregory & J. Urry Social Relations & Spatial Structures xv. 400 Serfs possessed seals to sign their names and they recorded their property transactions in writing. Thus the nativi—the natives, villeins and serfs..had charters of their own..by the 1300s.
2. Astrology.
a. A person born under a specified planet or sign; the subject of a horoscope.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [noun] > Zodiac > sign of zodiac > native of
native1509
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) x. 34 Mercury, through his preeminence, Hys natives endeth wyth famous eloquence.
a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. ii. 83 Saturn..and Venus.., the disposers of marriage in the Radix of the native in feminine figures.
1679 J. Moxon Math. made Easie 95 Nebulous Stars..are found by Experience, being joyn'd with the Luminaries to afflict a Native with blindness or dimness.
1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) at Mutilated Azimene Degrees, are certain degrees in several Signs, that threaten the Native that has them Ascending, with Lameness [etc.].
1792 E. Sibly New & Compl. Illustr. Occult Sci. (new ed.) 96 When the moon, or lord of the ascendant, is posited..in any of the Signs we term hot, the native will be manly.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. iv. 54 Mars having dignity in the cusp of the twelfth house, threatened captivity, or sudden and violent death, to the native.
1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. The lord of the geniture..propensities of the native.
1928 E. Adams Astrol. 74 The mercurial type of Virgo native is a very different object.
1979 Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 20 Sept. 3 b/3 Gemini, Sagittarius natives seem constantly to turn up in your life.
†b. A person born with a particular mark. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > birth-mark > person
native1653
1653 R. Saunders Treat. Moles Body Man & Woman 31 in Physiognomie A Mole on the lower part of the right Cheek..indicts to the native, some kindes of strife.
II. Senses relating to birthplace or country of origin.
3.
a. A person born in a specified place, region, or country, whether subsequently resident there or not (see also quot. 1906). Usually with of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [noun] > person
sonOE
landsmanc1000
natural1509
native1535
homeling1577
indigena1591
originary1594
home-born1600
birth child1609
inbred1625
naturalist1631
autochthon1646
naturalizanta1652
breedling1663
indigene1664
indigenal1722
child (son, etc.) of the soil1814
native-born1814
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxiii. A Is not that the glorious cite,..whose natyues dwellinge farre of, commende her so greatly?
c1550 in J. Duncumb Coll. Hist. County Hereford (1804) I. 339 There are other markett-townes..wherein are both natives and rusticks of auncient tyme.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 212 The Army..was encountred and almost distressed by the onely Natives of that Countrie.
1675 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 315 Great disputes are likely to arise betweene ye present Inhabitants & auntient Natives of severall of ye Corporacions.
a1700 J. Dryden On Death Amyntas in Misc. Poems (1704) V. 21 His Passport is his Innocence and Grace, Well known to all the Natives of the Place.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. III. 227 T. Livy, a native of Padua.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 218 Those manners, which even a native of Canada can think more barbarous than his own.
1794 A. Thomas Newfoundland Jrnl. (1968) 66 It [sc. seal meat] was taken out of the Pott, I eat some of it and can pronounce it..not bad eating... The natives never use it when they can purchase Salt Pork.
1841 G. Borrow Zincali I. i. ii. 58 If being born in a country, and being bred there, constitute a right to be considered a native of that country.
1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker ix. 136 Ah Wing, cook, native of Sana, China..John Hardy, native of London, England.
1906 N.E.D. (at cited word) Legally, a person is a native of the place or country where the parents have their domicile, which may or may not be the place of natural birth.
1964 W. R. Brain Doctors Past & Present 59 William Butler..was a native of the Orkney Islands and educated at Edinburgh.
1998 Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 12/5 Aesop was not a Phrygian..but a native of Thrace who lived for a time on Samos.
b. A person resident in a particular place or locale; a citizen.Frequently with mildly depreciative connotations.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > [noun] > opposed to foreigner or visitor
citizenc1384
privya1400
denizen14..
native1800
livyer1863
1800 E. Hervey Mourtray Family I. 173 The girl..was..really much superior to the rest of the odious natives in their neighbourhood.
1818 London Guide & Stranger's Safeguard 6 The practices of ‘shouldering’ passengers, on their own account—doing the natives out of articles of life, which they bring to town to dispose of—..bring them [sc. coachmen] to ‘take care of things’, for which there is no immediate owner.
1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang 124 Natives, silly people generally; the untravelled population of any town, wrapt up in incipient simplicity are natives.
1877 W. H. Mallock New Republic II. iii. ii. 15 Merely temporal people, who are just as narrow-minded and dull as..merely local people—the natives of a neighbourhood.
1975 D. Delman One Man's Murder ii. 46 The house, Odum Harborage, corrupted to Odum Garborage by irreverent natives, was a notable mishmash even for Long Island.
1985 New Yorker 20 May 31/1 Natives of Wall Street were in the majority.
c. Australian and New Zealand. A white person born in Australia or New Zealand, as distinguished from first-generation immigrants and Aboriginal people. Now disused.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Antipodes > native or inhabitant of Australia > [noun]
currency1827
native1848
Australian1880
kangaroo1888
Aussie1915
dinkum1916
Ozzie1918
Aussielander1919
pie eater1953
Strine1964
Oz1976
1806 Sydney Gaz. 20 July 1/2 Thomas Ford and William Evans, Boys; the latter a native of this Colony.
1848 H. W. Haygarth Recoll. Bush Life Austral. iii. 23 They are usually called, ‘natives’, for be it understood, once for all, that the word native, as used in the colony, invariably means a white man, one born in Australia of European parents.
1861 L. A. Meredith Over the Straits v. 161 Three Sydney natives (‘currency’ not aboriginal) were in the coach, bound for Melbourne.
1867 Sydney Punch 2 Nov. 185/2 By natives I don't mean the blacks, dear—They are called Aboriginals—these Are fair as yourself.
1900 Canterbury Old & New 6 The Committee of the Christchurch branch of the N.Z. Natives' Association wishes to record [etc.].
1917 Huon Times (Franklin) 16 Feb. 6/1 She was born at Pitt Town, near Windsor, New South Wales, in 1821..and was possibly the oldest living native of the Commonwealth.
1966 G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. in Austral. & N.Z. iii. 62 The word natives was required by Europeans born in Australia, who formed an Australian Natives' Association in 1871.
†4. In plural. Fellow-countrymen, compatriots. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > compatriots > [noun]
ledesOE
countryfolkc1325
natives1589
country people1794
national1937
1589 W. Warner Albions Eng. (new ed.) vi. xxxiii. 144 Henrie..did ariue to right his Natiues wrong.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 90 After short acquaintance with his natiues,..he imparted these words.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 66 The King (distrusting his Natives) imployed so many French Forrainers in places of power and profit.
5. A member of an indigenous ethnic group. Frequently with a suggestion of inferior status, culture, etc., and hence (esp. in modern usage) considered offensive.
a. A member of the indigenous ethnic group of a country or region, as distinguished from foreigners, esp. European colonists.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > original inhabitant
aborigine?1529
autochthon1579
aborigen1587
native1603
originals1703
aboriginal1749
primitive1779
aboriginary1869
tangata whenua1949
1603 R. Johnson in tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 153 He committed no lesse an error in suffering the Natiues to keepe their possessions and to inhabit all their townes.
1631 J. Smith Advts. Planters New-Eng. iv. 10 More [land] to spare than all the natives of those Countries can use and culturate.
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iv. ii. sig. Oooo3v Inhabited by the Natives only, though the Portugals did sometimes endeavour a Plantation in it.
1695 W. Temple Introd. Hist. Eng. (1699) 5 The North-East part of Scotland was by the Natives called Cal Dun.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 2 The Stories of their Engagements, when they have had any Scuffle either with Natives, or European Enemies.
1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. ii. 98 Columbus..continued to interrogate all the natives.
1804 Sydney Gaz. 27 May 4 The numerous natives in those parts are on the most friendly terms with the Europeans.
a1827 Trans. Linn. Soc. 15 239 This species is called Thunder-bird by the colonists... The natives tell me, that, when it begins to thunder, this bird is very noisy.
1896 F. C. Selous Sunshine & Storm Rhodesia i. 5 No one could have recognised..in the quiet, submissive native..the arrogant savage of old times.
1931 E. O'Neill Mourning becomes Electra iii. ii. 238 The natives dancing naked and innocent without knowledge of sin.
1950 M. Chappell Rhodesian Adventure xiii. 143 There was nothing here when the pioneers came. Save bushveld and natives and wild animals.
1999 J. Raban Passage to Juneau ii. 51 From now on, there'd be shore parties,..to meet and barter with the natives.
b. North American. A member of one of the indigenous peoples of North America.Not now in generally accepted use; cf. Native American n., Native Canadian n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Amerindian > [noun]
Indian1553
American1568
Native Americana1628
native1636
American Native1648
American Indian1650
Injun1666
Canada Indian1688
red man1740
North American Indian1748
redskinc1769
buckskin1783
Red Indian1788
red1795
North American1825
copperhead1838
neechee1850
Lo1871
Amerind1899
Amerindian1899
1636 in J. H. Trumbull Public Rec. Colony Connecticut (1850) I. 1 None..shall trade with the natives or Indians any peece or pistoll or gunn.
1763 J. Woolman Jrnl. 13 June (1971) viii. 128 My meditations were on the alterations of the circumstances of the natives..since the coming in of the English.
1805 P. Gass Jrnl. 29 Apr. (1807) 82 On the top of the highest [bluff] we saw some Mountain sheep, which the natives say are common about the Rocky mountains.
1846 R. B. Sage Scenes Rocky Mts. xxxiii. 287 Skins furnish to the natives a favorite material for arrow-cases.
1856 R. M. Ballantyne Snowflakes & Sunbeams vii. 72 This is the trading-store. It is always recognisable, if natives are in the neighbourhood, by the bevy of red men that cluster round it, awaiting the coming of the store-keeper.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 476/2 The natives have adopted many customs of white civilization.
1951 R. Buliard Inuk 316 The company nowadays certainly does give help to the natives, in the forms of loans, gifts, and medicine.
1976 Tundra Times Oct. 20 Since you are a Native and mayor of the North Slope Borough many people are going to think your interests are going to be primarily for the Native people.
1992 R. M. Bone Geogr. Canad. North iii. ix. 217 The James Bay hydro project..set a precedent for other Natives who now face the question of resource development on Indian or Inuit lands.
c. South African. A member of any of the black peoples of South Africa, as distinguished from a person who is white or of mixed descent. Now chiefly historical or ironic, and avoided as offensive.Occasionally as the native: black people collectively.Native was an official racial designation under the policy of apartheid during the mid 20th cent.
ΚΠ
1826 W. Shaw Diary 31 Dec. Baptized five Adult Natives, on their profession of faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.
1909 H. E. S. Fremantle New Nation 136 For over fifty years natives have been free to sit in the Cape Parliament.
1930 L. Barnes Caliban in Afr. 194 Any danger of white political supremacy being jeopardised by native numbers is still remote... The current alarms..are the work of benighted politicians who suppose baashood to be best nourished on fear and hatred of the native.
1948 A. Paton Cry, Beloved Country ii. viii. 171 Most of the assaults reported were by natives against Europeans.
1951 A. Gordon-Brown Year Bk. & Guide S. Afr. 299 The local authority in whose area a Native is employed should..provide for the accommodation of such Native and his family.
1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart 30 Natives cooked my meals, polished my shoes, made my bed, mowed the lawn, trimmed the hedge, and dug holes at my father's direction.
†d. In Britain and the United States during the period of colonialism and slavery: a black person of African origin or descent. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > non-white person > [noun]
person of colour1786
buck1800
coloured1832
Indiano1836
nigger1843
skepsel1844
native1846
non-white1864
fuzzy1890
fuzzy-wuzzy1892
monk1903
non-European1906
golliwog1916
wog1921
non-European1925
gook1935
boong1941
jungle bunny1966
Indio1969
1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) x. 89 The Major..went one Saturday growling down to Brighton, with the native behind him.
1863 ‘E. Kirke’ My Southern Friends 106 He held in his hand the ordinary slouched hat worn by the ‘natives’.
6. A person's birthplace, or place or country of origin; native country. Now rare (regional).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] > homeland or native land
kithc888
etheleOE
erdOE
homeOE
motherOE
fatherlandc1275
countrya1300
soila1400
countrywarda1425
motherland1565
mother country1567
patrie1581
native1604
homelanda1627
home country1707
patria1707
old country1751
the (old) sod1812
home birth1846
Vaterland1852
old sod1863
motherland1895
Bongo Bongo1911
sireland1922
1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Natiue, place where one was borne, or naturall.
?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses ix. 66 Though roofs farre richer, we farre off possesse, Yet (from our natiue) all our more, is lesse.
1820 A. Opie Tales of Heart IV. 328 He asked me some questions about Keswick.., for that's my native, sir.
1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch vi. 52 Wearying..to be home again to Lauder, which she said was her native.
1841 S. Hawkins Poems I. 28 Near the famed camp of Burnswark..which is my dear native where I do abide.
1883 C. S. Burne Shropshire Folk-Lore Pref. p. viii Though Staffordshire is my ‘native’, as the folk say, I am Shropshire's foster-child.
1900 Cornhill Mag. June 815 When he come back to his native at Yarmouth he knew no one.
7. A plant or animal native to a particular place.
a. A plant or animal that is indigenous to a country, locality, or habitat, and not introduced by man. Formerly also: †a metal or other mineral found naturally in a country or locality (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > [noun] > native mineral
native1690
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [noun] > native (all over the world)
native1690
cosmopolite1832
cosmopolitan1952
1690 J. Child Disc. Trade Pref. sig. B8 Our Lead and Tin, by which we carry on much of those Trades, are Natives with us.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 38 The marmout is chiefly a native of the Alps.
1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 490 To such species as are doubtful natives, a note of interrogation is affixed.
1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §921 The plants are principally natives of marshy places in New Holland.
1874 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. x. 124 The pine has never been a ‘native’ of Denmark in historical times.
1916 Bulletin (Sydney) 20 Jan. 24/1 Many families..have..removed beef from the menu and inserted wallaby... Numbers of people eat the native for a change.
1972 Country Life 6 Jan. 14 The library entrance..is flanked by Californian natives: Colocedrus decurrens, and the coral tree.
1990 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) June 303/2 Natives form a link in a whole food chain, in a way that exotics do not.
b. An oyster wholly or partly reared in British waters, now typically in artificial beds; esp. the common European oyster, Ostrea edulis. Also: an oyster of a superior quality. Frequently attributive. Cf. Colchester natives at Colchester n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > shell-fish or mollusc > oyster
oystereOE
Colchesterc1625
green oyster1667
mangrove oyster1683
pandore1701
Milton1749
sickle-oyster1758
bluepoint1789
native1815
powldoody1819
Red Bank oyster1830
raccoon oyster1834
sauce oyster1851
Portuguese oyster1881
relay1889
Portugal oyster1890
Malpeque1901
Marennes1905
Belon1908
Olympia oyster1908
Pacific oyster1912
Whitstable1940
Portugaise1942
Olympia1961
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Ostreidae > member of (oyster) > from specific region
pandore1701
native1815
powldoody1819
Red Bank oyster1830
Whitstable1940
1815 R. Rylance Epicure's Almanack 76 Marsh, the oyster-man, attends here the whole season with his Native's, Milton's, and Pyfleet's.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 201 A newly-opened oyster shop,..with natives laid one deep in circular marble basins in the windows.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 154 In the London market oysters are divided into two great classes—‘natives’ and ‘commons’.
1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Oct. 2/1 Such a thing as putting seconds on native shells is not entirely unknown.
1945 E. Step & A. L. Wells Shell Life (new ed.) 80 ‘Natives’ are those [oysters] supposed to have passed the whole of their lives in the beds about the mouth of the Thames and Medway.
1995 Times 28 Jan. 6 Natives sell at three times the price of Pacific oysters.
c. U.S. A cow, horse, etc., that is native. Also: a cross-bred cow. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States i. 6 A few imported Ayrshires and Alderneys, and some small black ‘natives’.
1876 3rd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1875–6 702 Some extra cows, claimed as natives, were made up of crosses of foreign breeds.
1895 A. B. Paterson Man from Snowy River (1896) 43 [The horses] were long and wiry natives from the rugged mountain side.
1935 Amer. Speech 10 271/2 Natives, common-bred cattle, without the characteristics of a particular breed.
†d. Australian. More fully rock native. A large snapper or squirefish, Chrysophrys auratus (family Sparidae). Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1880 Rep. Comm. Fishing New S. Wales 11 At a still greater age the Schnapper..becomes what is known as the ‘Native’ and ‘Rock Native’, a solitary and sometimes enormously large fish.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral. Eng. 392/1 Rock-Native or Native, a name given to the fish called a Schnapper when it has ceased to ‘school’.
8. figurative. A person who or thing which naturally or customarily belongs to or is closely associated with something.
ΚΠ
1700 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother v. i Let Joy the Native of your Soul return.
1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent iii. i. 25 That Sorrow which..Is the sad Native of Calista's Breast.
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 8 And sport we like the Natives of the Bough, When vernal Suns inspire?
1930 G. W. Knight Wheel of Fire viii. 173 Yet this Evil is not a native of man's heart: it comes from without. The Weird Sisters are thus objectively conceived.
1987 W. Stafford Way It Is (1988) 215 The only way is farther, breathing that country, becoming wise in its flavor, a native of the sun.
†9. Something from or associated with a particular place.
a. Chiefly Irish English. Local liquor, esp. whiskey. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > other alcoholic drinks > [noun] > others
stitch-broth1635
Cherellya1640
rug1653
steel-nose1654
pope's-milka1661
Northdown1670
purl royal1675
sweetsa1679
forty-ninea1713
huggle-my-buff1756
slug1756
gunpowder1765
guarapo1772
peachy1781
all nations1785
anti-fogmatic1789
soma1827
ava1831
native1832
tap1832
stone fence1844
slap-bang1845
Angostura1856
jake1910
tepache1926
pruno1936
muratina1968
makkoli1970
alcopop1996
1800 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1942) VII. 659 After all there is nothing like a fair pull at the Native!
1832 R. Southey Ess. II. 336 Not as much money left as would..get him a drop of the native at Killala.
a1849 J. Keegan Legends & Poems (1907) 180 A gossoon..had been despatched for a grey-beard full of ‘the native’.
1867 M. Harkin Inishowen 203 A bottle of the ‘native’.
b. The native language of a particular place. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language
lede-quidec1275
birth tonguea1387
mother languagea1425
mother tongue?a1425
vulgar1430
mother's languagec1443
mother's tongue1517
natural language1570
commona1616
natural1665
vernaculara1706
native1824
home language1833
first language1875
Umgangssprache1934
mameloshen1968
1824 S. Reynolds Jrnl. 4 June (1989) I. 83 The exercises were performed in Native & English.
1893 R. L. Stevenson Island Nights' Entertainm. 70 He turned and spoke to his crew in the native.

Phrases

P1. colloquial (originally U.S.). to astonish the natives: to shock or otherwise profoundly affect public opinion.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > cause wonder, astonish [verb (transitive)]
marvela1425
esmarvel1477
amaze?1533
wondera1561
bewondera1586
to hold at gaze1594
admire1598
wonder-maze1603
astonish1611
thunderstrike1613
surprise1655
to astonish the natives1801
emmarvel1834
zap1967
mind-blow1970
gobsmack1987
1801 L. Chester Federalism Triumphant ii. 19 Such a jumble of religion, gallantry and meanness, will astonish the southern Members, and might well ‘astonish the natives’.
1837 Davy Crockett's Almanack I. iii. 40 I can take the rag off—frighten the old folks—astonish the natives—and beat the Dutch all to smash.
1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes II. iii. 52 The brutal drunkenness and reckless debauchery of the Pakehas actually ‘astonished the natives’.
1888 Dict. National Biogr. XV. 242/2 Coming to England..at Wanstead, Essex, and appears to have astonished the natives by his unconventional mode of life.
1901 M. E. Ryan That Girl Montana 96 Much of her afternoon was spent..fashioning a party gown with which to astonish the natives.
1957 Sci. Monthly Apr. 177/1 Cheered by this expression of liberal opinion, Huxley went to work in earnest on something which would ‘astonish the natives’.
1986 Times (Nexis) 29 July International designers..have taken up batik and given it a sophistication which would astonish the natives.
P2. humorous. the natives are restless and variants: trouble is brewing; there is discontent or dissatisfaction.Now used to convey any collective hostility or disgruntlement, the phrase is sometimes associated with supposed attitudes of colonial or imperial rule.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > political unrest > [noun]
stirringa1154
motiona1387
troublec1435
misrule1442
commotion1471
stir1487
misgovernment1565
welteringa1586
confusions1599
distemper1605
distemperature?1606
convulsion1643
unsettlement1649
upturning1846
upturn1864
the natives are restless1950
1950 M. L. Paich (title of song) The natives are restless tonight.
1967 P. F. Gorman in A. A. Jordan Issues of National Security in 1970's 137 Interesting differences have developed in the style of military assistance offered to the developing nations. The British..approach is characteristically a cool, ‘the natives are restless tonight’ pragmatism.
1969 P. Hoch & V. Schoenbach (title) LSE: the natives are restless.
1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 6 Nov. 1/8 The natives—Southampton councillors should know—are restless. We hear complaints on all sides about traffic snarl-ups making people late for work.
2001 Detroit News (Nexis) 25 Mar. (Sports section) 2 The natives were restless the entire week. They were not thrilled with having to pay for two games to attend Opening Day at Comerica Park.

Compounds

C1. With the sense ‘by a native or natives’, ‘domestically’.
native-built adj.
ΚΠ
1837 Southern Literary Messenger 3 419/2 A large native built house in the suburbs of Honolulu.
1901 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 31 145 The older natives seem to keep these houses for show, using in preference little native-built hovels behind.
2001 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 11 Nov. 1 m Gause..set out in a native-built boat with a dilapidated diesel engine.
native-made adj.
ΚΠ
1856 W. B. Baikie Narr. Exploring Voy. Rivers Kwora & Binue v. 127 Most of the inhabitants were clad in native-made clothes.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 479 The spirit is malevolent: all native-made spirits are.
1923 R. Kipling Land & Sea Tales 204 Native-made cigars.
1991 J. Blair & N. Ramsay Eng. Medieval Industries xiii. 351 English wool was now [sc. in the mid 14th cent.] increasingly channelled into native-made cloth.
native-owned adj.
ΚΠ
1860 Message President U.S. to Congr. 44 The coasting trade in Japan is likely to get gradually into foreign steamers if the authorities show any disinclination to encourage foreigners serving native-owned steamers.
1895 F. A. Swettenham Malay Sketches 262 No native-owned boat in the country was white.
1941 Bantu World 25 Jan. 4 There are still a good many Native-owned farms and settlements.
1995 Jrnl. Econ. Perspectives 9 8 The immigration surplus..arises because of the complementarities that exist between immigrants and native-owned capital.
native-produced adj.
ΚΠ
1908 Daily Chron. 17 Aug. 1/7 From November 2 next farmers and other sellers of ‘native-produced’ meat will be required to give a warranty that the animal or animals sold by them are free from disease.
1947 Pacific Affairs 20 356 The section on native-produced sugar.
1998 G. D. Jones Conquest of Last Maya Kingdom Gloss. 525 Repartimiento, labor draft, represented in Yucatán by advances of cash or goods in return for demands of native-produced foodstuffs, crafts, or natural products.
native-reared adj.
ΚΠ
1909 Daily Chron. 19 Mar. 7/5 A great treat after the daily menu of tinned food and native-reared mutton.
native-trained adj.
ΚΠ
1887 R. Kipling Lett. Marque (1891) xiii. 93 The peculiarities of the native-trained horse.
1986 Pacific Affairs 59 587 Liang Shuming, the native-trained philosopher-activist.
C2.
native-fashion adv.
ΚΠ
1837 J. C. Maitland Lett. from Madras (1843) 132 He sent us, besides, all his own messes, native-fashion.
1901 R. Kipling Kim i. 21 He loosed a thin stream into Kim's hands, who drank native fashion.
1997 Times (Nexis) 4 May [He had] a habit of holding his cigarette turned into his palm between his middle finger and thumb, native-fashion.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nativeadj.

Brit. /ˈneɪtɪv/, U.S. /ˈneɪdɪv/
Forms:

α. Middle English–1500s natife, Middle English–1500s natyf, Middle English–1500s natyfe, late Middle English natif, late Middle English natyff, 1500s natiff; Scottish pre-1700 nateiff, pre-1700 natif, pre-1700 natife, pre-1700 natiff, pre-1700 natyf, pre-1700 natyff.

β. Middle English– native, 1500s natyue, 1500s natyve, 1500s–1600s natiue; Scottish pre-1700 nateve, pre-1700 natiue, pre-1700 natiwe, pre-1700 natyive, pre-1700 natyue, pre-1700 natyve, pre-1700 natywe, pre-1700 1700s– native.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French natif; Latin nātīvus.
Etymology: < Middle French, French natif belonging to the origin of an object (late 14th cent.), born in a particular place (early 15th cent.), (of metal) occurring naturally (1762; early 12th cent. in Old French (in a Franco-Occitan context) in form natiz in sense ‘originating (from a place)’) and its etymon classical Latin nātīvus having a birth or origin (see note), innate, natural, naturally occurring, (of words) used with their natural meaning, in post-classical Latin also born in a particular place (9th cent.; late 12th cent. in a British source), that is the place of a person's birth (from the second half of the 11th cent. in British sources), holding a certain position by right of birth (late 11th cent. in a British source), born in bondage, and spoken in a person's place of birth (both from 12th cent. in British sources), < nāt- , past participial stem of nāscī to be born (see nascent adj.) + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare naive adj.Compare Old Occitan, Occitan nadiu (c1200; also in Occitan as natiu ), Spanish nativo (1424), Italian nativo (1532; early 14th cent. as natio ), Portuguese nativo (16th cent.), Catalan natiu (1805; 1120 as nadiu ). In sense 8 after classical Latin nātīvus in Cicero De Natura Deorum 1. 10. 25.
I. Senses relating to natural state or condition.
1.
a. Inherent, innate; belonging to or connected with something by nature or natural constitution.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adjective] > innate or natural
i-cundeeOE
fleshly971
kindlyOE
kindc1175
naturalc1275
kindc1390
innatea1420
nativea1425
inborn1513
innative1513
habitual1526
ingenerate1531
instincta1538
innated1545
inset1545
of one's nativity1582
inbreda1592
connatural1599
prognatec1600
ingenious1601
ingenit1604
congenite1610
connativea1618
intuitive1621
infusive1630
habituous1633
veined1633
genial1646
connatea1652
relollacean1654
relollaceous1657
relolleous1662
congenial1664
complanted1668
ingrown1670
ingenerated1677
unborrowed1704
cogenite1712
born1741
naturable1771
unacquired1793
congenerous1813
congenital1848
ingrain1852
indigenousa1864
ingenital1886
wired-in1957
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) i. 102 So aungelik was hir natif beaute That lik a thing inmortal semed she.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 585 (MED) Polycene..I-chaungid hath vpon hir visage Hir natif colour.
a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 33 (MED) Þe natyff..rudnesse of my modur-tounge hathe..inflectyd & cankeryd my speche.
a1500 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1911) 126 366 To his doughtres... Of theire native beaute, he bad them haue respect, How bryght lucyfer for his pryde from heven was derect.
1551 R. Robinson in tr. T. More Vtopia Epist. sig. ✠vv Notdoubting that you for your natiue goodnes, and gentelnes will accept in good parte this poore gift.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 13 A Starre, whose beames do not proceed From any Sunne, but from a natiue light.
1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii How can I hate,..Or practise ought against my native power?
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 91 When Puss, wrapt warm in his own native Furs, Dreamt soundly.
1684 Earl of Roscommon Ess. Translated Verse 13 No cloudy Doubts obscure her Native Light.
1782 W. Cowper Poet, Oyster, & Sensitive Plant 6 Ah, hapless wretch! condemned to dwell For ever in my native shell.
1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited x. 375 Study may be either the sign or the substitute of native feeling.
1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. ii. 10 A mere native impulse to the exertion of all his native powers.
1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. i. 8 Your native shrewdness, my dear Watson..would..prevent you from enclosing cipher and message in the same envelope.
1965 J. Porter Dover Two vi. 70 The native cunning which had enabled him to live the life of Riley with no visible means of support..failed him dismally now.
1994 Dog World Feb. 58/2 Apart from his native intelligence and business acumen, his complete knowledge of dogs and owners paved the way.
b. With to (also †till): inherent in the nature of, belonging naturally to.
ΚΠ
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) viii. 52 Noblis..ar oblist naturaly to honour of nobless, and of knychthede be the vertu of gentris yat thai ar natyf till.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. iii. vi. 268 It was native to him..to persew þe pepill with all humanite & kyndenes he mycht.
1564 T. Harding Answere to Iuelles Chalenge xv. f. 153v Hebrewe, Greke and Latine..as they were once natiue and vulgare to those three peoples, so now to none be they natiue and vulgare.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 218 Base men being in loue, haue then a Nobility in their natures, more then is natiue to them. View more context for this quotation
1765 W. Stevenson Orig. Poems II. 40 Nature to them's wrapt in disguise, Her therefore would our bards despise; Yet a disguise not native to her, But what absurdly they bestow her.
1794 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor I. xiii. 174 With the kindness that seemed native to her, [she] poured out my tea.
1834 B. Disraeli Revolutionary Epick i. xlii. 69 To the rose Its fragrance not more native than to States A class superior.
1879 M. Arnold Irish Catholicism in Mixed Ess. 116 If there is a thing specially native to religion, it is peace and union.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 834/2 In France..of all the springs of interest native to men in every land adventure..quickest and most inflaming to respond.
1959 J. Barzun House of Intellect ii. 56 This passivity is not native to the mind; it is induced by the atmosphere of public opinion.
1992 B. Unsworth Sacred Hunger xliii. 473 Campbell spoke with a kind of gritty dignity that was native to him.
†c. Naturally occurring, following, or resulting. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [adjective] > in accordance with nature
naturalc1475
native1509
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xli. 204 I must nedes dye, it is my native kinde.
1543 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 121 I gyue and bequeathe to my brother..fowre poundes by yeare..during his life natiue.
a1653 H. Binning Serm. (1845) 144 O How would it be a pleasant and native thing to walk in his way, as a stone goeth downward.
1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. Proem 5 We shal content our selves with this curt, yet apparently more native and distinct distribution of Beings.
1723 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 9 It were hard to say this is a native consequence of any particular set of men's way.
1867 D. Duncan Disc. 292 To leave us to the native consequences of our folly and impiety.
2.
a. Left or remaining in a natural or original state or condition; free from or untouched by art; unadorned, simple, plain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [adjective] > natural or existing in nature
kindlOE
kindlyc1225
naturalc1390
kindlike1489
native1560
real1602
physiurgic1817
physioplastica1832
physiurgoscopica1832
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxxvj The doctrine..is the very natiue and auncient Religion.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxxiv. 629 If ye haue an eye to the style, it is natiue, simple, playne.
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 36 If..sweetest Shakespear..Warble his native Wood-notes wilde.
1660 J. Dryden To R. Howard in R. Howard Poems sig. A6 In your Verse, a native sweetnesse dwells, Which shames Composure, and its Art excells.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xvi. 342 She clearly..easily perceives in Things thus in their native State, would be quite lost..in Mode and Figure.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 212. ⁋4 She has the greatest Simplicity of Manners of any of her Sex. This makes every Thing look native about her.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 166. ⁋1 It has long been observed that native beauty has little power to charm without the ornaments which fortune bestows.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 128 We preserve the whole of our feelings still native and entire, unsophisticated by pedantry and infidelity. View more context for this quotation
1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. 125 It [sc. Weald Clay] was left in its native state, and formed those broad forests which once covered the Wealden area.
1871 R. Browning Balaustion 120 He shall not say the man was vile Whom he befriended,—native noble heart!
1930 L. G. D. Acland Early Canterbury Runs iii. 48 Carleton was a poor run in its native state, and I suppose it must have been fully stocked by 1857.
1993 N.Y. Times 9 Nov. c11/3 The Zoomer actually encourages the use of ‘electronic ink’ to capture one's handwriting in native form, illegibility and all.
†b. Of an interpretation, meaning, etc.: direct, straightforward, literal; not contrived or obscure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > literal meaning > [adjective]
stafflyc1000
native1579
proper1579
literal1597
Nicodemical1642
alphabetical1643
unallegorical1776
unsymbolic1871
non-figurative1900
1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 141 This he dare auouch, to be the natiue and true vnderstanding of this scripture.
1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. iv. xxviii. 61 I hold that this is not the native meaning of this place.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 45 Mere Words,..used only as they serve to betray those who understand them in their native Sense.
1741 W. Wilson Contin. Def. Reform. Princ. Church Scotl. (1769) I. 344 I have drawn such inferences and conclusions from them as I thought just and native.
1875 E. White Life in Christ iii. xxi. 319 The Septuagint translators..well knew the native meaning of both words.
3.
a. Of a metal or other mineral: occurring naturally in a pure or uncombined state; (also) occurring in nature, as opposed to having been formed artificially.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > [adjective] > native
live1600
lively1609
living1657
native1680
innate1887
1680 R. Boyle Exper. & Notes Prodvcibleness Chymicall Princ. i. 32 in Sceptical Chymist (new ed.) Egyptian Niter being acknowledged to be a Native Salt..is yet of a lixiviate nature.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 18 Flint, Native-Vitriol, Spar.
1728 J. Woodward Catal. Foreign Fossils i. 22 in Catal. Addit. Eng. Native Fossils Native Sulphur of a lemon color.
1756 Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 31 The whole mountain is one mass of rich iron ore, and even in some parts is mixed with particles of native iron.
1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 156 The existence of Native Iron seems now placed beyond the reach of doubt.
1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 531 As it is found native in abundance, it is seldom formed artificially.
1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 953 Native Silver has the general characters of the pure metal.
1881 Nature 17 Nov. 50/1 Malleable native Copper..intimately mixed with siliceous vein-stuff.
1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) xviii. 266 Some of the best specimens of native iron have been found in connection with meteorites.
1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xi. 130 Cinnabar, cassiterite, native copper and native gold have still higher specific gravities.
1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 51/1 This crater is yellow with encrusting native sulphur deposited from issuing gases.
b. Designating the state or form of such minerals.
ΚΠ
1728 J. Woodward Fossils All Kinds 36 Nitre, while..in its native State, is call'd Petre-Salt; when refin'd, Salt-Petre.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 74 The variety of substances..found in the bowels of the earth, in their native state.
1818 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (ed. 3) 40 Silver occurs in the metallic or native state.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 81 In its purest native form [carbon] crystallizes as the diamond.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xliii. 827 Copper occurs in the native state, sometimes in enormous masses.
1975 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 11 May 12/1 From 1919 to 1921 the mine shipped 1,593,952 ounces of silver—some of it in pure native form.
4. Biochemistry. Of, relating to, or designating proteins occurring in their natural three-dimensional state; designating the structure of such a protein.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [adjective]
proteinaceous1844
proteinous1844
proteinic1876
native1931
glycosyl1945
glycosylated1945
microtrabecular1976
polytopic1980
1931 Nature 12 Dec. 999/2 (heading) Molecular weights of the proteins in their native state.
1974 Nature 22 Feb. 541/1 The native (N) conformer has full biochemical activity, whereas the denatured (D) conformer is inactive with respect to aminoacylation.
1983 R. O. C. Norman & D. J. Waddington Mod. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) xviii. 283 In its natural environment each protein folds up into a specific well-defined shape, known as its native structure, which is held together by a combination of different kinds of interaction between atoms and groups in the molecule.
1998 Jrnl. Biochem. Tokyo 123 445 These amino acids apparently play an essential role in stabilizing the native protein conformation.
†II. Senses relating to condition of birth or origin.
5.
a. Of a servant, bondsman, etc.: having that status from birth; born in servitude. Obsolete.In some uses the sense appears to be less precise, referring to servitude of many years but not necessarily from birth.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [adjective] > enslaved or in bondage > born into slavery
native?c1425
slave-borna1586
vernaculous1656
vernacular1804
1161–2 in G. W. S. Barrow Regesta Regum Scottorum (1960) I. 230 In cuiuscumque terra aut postestate abbas de Sancta Cruce inuenire poterit natiuos homines terre sue aut fugitiuos suos.]
?c1425 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 387 Gif thi natiff man or thi bonde haf fylit thi land with guld.
c1455 Regiam Majestatem c. 43 Of bondis natif & fugitif clamand to fredom..quhen ony askis ane other in bondagis as his natif bond.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. 39 (MED) Somme men say this pope was the native man [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. bonde man; L. nativum] of thabbot of Seynte Alban in Ynglonde.
?a1475 (?a1425) in tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. App. 457 The firste peticion was that he scholde make alle men fre..so that þere scholde not be eny native man after that tyme.
1579 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 133 And hes utterlie baneist him, his native men and tennentis, out of thair awin rowmes.
1623 Argyll Rentals (Argyll Arch., Inveraray Castle) 9 Sept. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) [Charles McEachin] an old man and native tenant.
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (ii. 10) 750 There is a service of Inferioritie; which is either. 1. Voluntary,... Or 5. Native, such as are borne servants,... Or 6. Venditive, that have sold themselves.
b. Of a person: entitled or qualified by right of birth to some status, title, etc. Also in extended use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [adjective] > entitled > by nature or birth
native1578
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > [adjective] > resting on hereditary right > entitled by birth or descent > by birth
inheritable1523
native1578
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 16 Was neuer man that had dominioun Of this Impire, but Nobill natiue Kingis.
c1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David viii. viii The fish, of sea the native heire.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 25 This earth shall haue a feeling..ere her natiue King, Shall faulter vnder foule rebellions armes. View more context for this quotation
1649 J. Milton Tenure of Kings 19 What hath a native King to plead,..why he..should think to scape unquestionable, as a thing divine.
1695 J. Sage Wks. (1844) I. 268 She assisted the Scottish subjects against their native sovereign (her jealoused competitrix).
6.
a. Originally Scottish. Of a person: connected with another or others by birth or race; closely related. Also with to and with. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > closely
nareOE
nighOE
neara1375
necessarya1382
germanea1449
native1488
near of kin1491
tender1508
near akinc1515
cousin1590
affine1614
own1671
tight-knit1832
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 241 Byschope Beik full sodeynly thai se, And Robert Bruce contrar his natiff men.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 169 Thai men was natyff till Stwart..tuk hardement.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iii. v. 125 Neir he approchit..And his awne native freindis knew in hy.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 390 His awin natiue cousing and freind.
1580 T. McClellan Let. 20 June in R. V. Agnew Corr. P. Waus (1887) I. 226 Becaus he is sa natyue to your wyfe and to me.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 47 The head is not more natiue to the hart..Then is the throne of Denmarke to thy father. View more context for this quotation
1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 504 Old men honourable, Who have..filled with gracious and memorial fame..alien lips and native with their own.
b. Of a child or parent: = natural adj. 15. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > by blood-relationship
fleshlyc900
bloodyc1390
carnal1490
akinc1515
natural?1515
native1567
consanguine1613
consanguineousa1616
consanguineal1795
consanguinean1827
biological1926
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [adjective] > legitimate
full-bornlOE
born in (or under or out of) wedlockc1275
kindlya1300
mulierc1400
legitimatea1464
mulieryc1475
lawfulc1480
naturala1500
mulierly1506
lawfully1512
native1567
loyal1608
lineala1616
full-begotten1636
(on) the right side of the blanket1842
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 97v So soone as those yong can heare but their owne and Natiue Dams note, they leaue their Stepmother.
c1600 Gentleman in Thracia in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads VIII. 162 There is but one amongst the foure That is my native sonne.
7.
a. Scottish. Of land, an estate, etc.: belonging to one by heredity. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1543 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 47 For we think greit lak to gang fra our native rowmes quhilk my husband and his surname hes brukit thir thre or four hundreth yeris.
1568 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) III. 45/1 The comone people..hes bene removit frome thair natiue and kyndlie stedingis.
1578 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) III. 113/1 Thay..maist vnkkindlie set the said compleneris native rowmes over thair heidis to the said..Erll of Huntlie.
b. Of a person's right, dignity, etc.: belonging to that person by virtue of birth, or as a birthright. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective] > originated or derived > from a person's predecessors or hereditary
hereditary?c1450
abstract1486
native1596
traductive1657
extraduce1720
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > [adjective] > resting on hereditary right > by birth or descent
i-cundeeOE
kindc1325
kindlyc1450
native1596
1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 503 Whereas all Nobilitie and Gentrie is either, Native, or Dative, that is to say, commeth either by Discent, or by Purchase.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iii. iii. 190 Did I put Henry from his Natiue Right? View more context for this quotation
1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 29 I am very unwilling to deprive myself of my Native Right.
1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 24 Can People give away Both for themselves and Sons, their Native sway?
1749 T. Smollett Regicide i. vi. 9 To stifle and repress Th' energing Dictates of my native Right.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod Introd. 2 A bold, active, and warlike people, tenacious of their native liberty.
1821 J. Baillie W. Wallace in Metrical Legends xxvii These are the leagued for Scotland's native right.
1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. i. 2 The two united to rob the untutored possessors of its wooded scenery of their native right to perpetuate its original appellation of ‘Horican’.
8. Of a god: having been born; coming into existence by being born. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > [adjective] > having a birth
native1655
the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > [adjective] > born
bornOE
prognatec1600
enixed1607
nascenta1624
native1655
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. ii. 2 His opinion..was, that the Gods are native (having a beginning).
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 209 A Multitude of such Deities, which yet they conceived to be all (as well as Men) Native and Mortal.
III. Senses relating to place of birth or origin.
9.
a. Of a country, region, etc.: that is the place of a person's birth and early life; that is the place of origin of a plant or animal. Occasionally with to.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > native (of country or place)
kinda1325
kindlya1400
nativea1438
natal?1440
naturalc1475
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > characteristic of particular region or period
southerneOE
African1578
Asiatic1670
American1678
Creole1758
Californian1785
subalpine1808
Antarctic1835
Adelaidean1847
Arctic1876
Atlantic1876
gerontogeous1880
Cenomanian1902
Lusitanian1907
pantropic1911
pantropical1913
native1920
a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 99 (MED) Purposyng to gon a-geyn in-to her owyn natyf lond, it was telde hem þat þer wer many theuys be þe wey.
a1475 Cato's Distichs (Rawl.) 29 in Englische Studien (1906) 36 5 (MED) For thi natyf ground [a1400 Thott thy cuntray] fyght myghtly.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Biv O natiue land, Ilion, and of the Goddes.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 491 He would cause the Scottes..to returne againe into their countrie and natiue region.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 29 Say in briefe the cause Why thou departedst from thy natiue home? View more context for this quotation
1630 in W. Fraser Red Bk. Menteith (1880) II. 33 My ancient natife kingdome.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 238 Athens.., Mother of Arts And Eloquence, native to famous wits Or hospitable. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 96 [I shall] With Foreign Spoils adorn my native place. View more context for this quotation
1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. i. 15 At their native realms the Greeks arriv'd.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 83 Subject to a clime not dissimilar to the native country of those quadrupeds.
1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism vi. 167 Some congenial torrid climate—native to abjectness and slavery.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 60/1 Next in promising qualities is the muga or moonga worm of Assam, Antheræa assama, a species to some extent domesticated in its native country.
1920 W. Popenoe Man. Trop. & Subtrop. Fruits ix. 294 In its native country the feijoa is scarcely known as a cultivated plant.
1963 Times 4 June 13/5 His native county of Lincolnshire, of which he was Vice-Lieutenant for many years.
1995 Guardian 20 Oct. (Friday Review section) 25/1 He has promoted Portuguese literature in his native country by, among other things, translating Fernando Pessoa..into Italian.
†b. In extended use (chiefly literary). Of an object, event, circumstance, etc.: being or forming the source or origin of a thing or person. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective]
mother?c1225
originalc1350
radicala1398
primitive?a1425
fundamentalc1449
primordial?a1450
primea1500
primary1565
nativea1592
fundamentive1593
primordiate1599
primara1603
remote1605
originousa1637
originary1638
parental1647
principiate1654
fontal1656
underivative1656
underived1656
fountainous1662
first hand1699
matricular1793
first-handed1855
protomorphic1887
a1592 R. Greene Hist. Orlando Furioso (1594) sig. Hiii All of finest silke, Fetcht from the natiue loomes of laboring wormes.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. X3 Like fruitlesse braunches, which the hatchets slight Hath pruned from the natiue tree. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 463 Is this the way I must return to native dust? View more context for this quotation
1682 T. Ken Serm. at Funeral of Lady Mainard 18 This poor relique of Clay, which in a few minutes must be restor'd to its native earth.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 144 And, lest we err by wit's wild, dancing light, Secure us kindly in our native night.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ix. 117 Heaps of broken stone That mingled slowly with their native earth.
c. to have one's foot on (one's) native heath and variants: to be on home ground, esp. in one's place of birth; (in extended use) to be at home in a place or situation, to be on familiar territory. Cf. native heath n. at Compounds 2a.
ΚΠ
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. vii. 191 Do not Master or Campbell me—my foot is on my native heath, and my name is MacGregor.
1869 L. M. Alcott Little Women II. xiv. 210 She loved to dance, she felt that her foot was on her native heath in a ball-room.
1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables xxxiv. 392 The Avery scholarship was in English, and Anne felt that here her foot was on native heath.
1912 G. W. E. Russell Afterthoughts 158 In Loamshire ‘my foot is on my native heath’, and I have been renewing my youth by contact with my early friends.
1949 H. Wilcox Six Moons in Sulawesi xv. 320 His foot was on his native heath, whereas I was not yet in training after seven years of army service during which very little walking and no climbing had been possible.
10.
a. Of an attribute, ability, etc.: belonging to or natural to a person by reason of place of birth or nationality. Also in extended use.Used esp. of a first language.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [adjective] > belonging to one by being
nativea1475
born1518
a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 30 (MED) Of commyxtioun dyuers..they hane corrupte her first natif toungis and vsyn now Ine wot what straunge..blaberynge & cheterynge.
1480 Curia Sapiencie (Caxton) 32 And I conuersaunte and borne in the partes, where my natyf langage is moost corrupt.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxiv. 111 In my natyf language I wyl not opres More of her werke.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 167 Thy sentence..robbes my tongue from breathing natiue breath. View more context for this quotation
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 37 They have a native language of their owne, but the Persian tongue is understood by most.
1660 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1881) II. 448 He resolves to tak wp ane schoole heir for teaching of theis..sciences in the vulgar native tongue.
1717 A. Pope Ode Solitude in Poems 116 Contented breaths his native air, In his own grounds.
a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) iii. xiv. 507 Greek..was still (with a few corruptions) their native language.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna i. xix. 10 To the Snake those accents sweet were known His native tongue and her's.
1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians I. i. 6 Their habits..as we can see them transacted, are native.
1876 A. Plummer tr. J. J. I. von Döllinger Hippolytus & Callistus II. 87 His name has been metamorphosed in Syria and Egypt into the more native-sounding Abulides.
1937 J. Marquand Thank you, Mr. Moto iii. 19 He spoke in the bird-like, bell-like tones of his native tongue.
2000 JazzTimes Mar. 75/2 He sings..in his native Sonrai language.
b. Belonging to, used by, or characteristic of the indigenous population of a particular place.In some (esp. colonial and post-colonial) contexts, now considered offensive; cf. sense 11a and native n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [adjective] > belonging to or used by
naturallya1533
natively1590
native1779
home-brewed1802
indigenous1846
desi1885
1779 J. King Jrnl. Mar. in J. Cook Voy. Pacific Ocean (1784) III. vi. 119 The birds of these islands are as beautiful as any we have seen... Another is of an exceeding bright scarlet colour;..its native name is eeeeve.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 471 The native right to half this territory was extinguished by a treaty.
1807 F. Buchanan Journey from Madras I. 6 The proper native weights..are..20 Baruays (Candies) 1 Gursay, called by the English Garse.
1854 G. H. Haydon Austral. Emigrant 126 (note) Carbora, the native name of an animal of the sloth species.
1902 G. M. Theal Beginning S. Afr. Hist. 273 He had a force under his command of about fifteen hundred blacks armed in the native manner.
1914 R. Fry Lett. (1972) II. 378 Are you going to Tunis? If so..he'll give you Arab dinners in a lovely Arab house in the middle of the native quarter.
1950 M. Chappell Rhodesian Adventure ix. 101 I believe the original native name for the place where Salisbury stands was ‘Harari’.
2000 R. Hosking At Japanese Table i. 2 It was in this period that the native religion, Shinto,..became established.
11. Of a person or social group.
a. Born in a designated place; belonging to a particular people by birth; spec. belonging to an indigenous ethnic group, as distinguished from foreigners, esp. European colonists.In some (esp. colonial and post-colonial) contexts, now considered offensive; cf. native n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native people > [adjective]
inbornc1000
theodiscc1000
i-cundeOE
landisha1300
kindc1325
denizen1483
kindly born1483
native1488
naturally born1523
naturala1533
home-bred?1560
natural1574
home-born1577
homeling1577
natural-born1583
land-born1589
self-bred1590
self-born1597
indigene1598
land-breda1599
vernaculous1606
kindly1609
inbred1625
terrigenist1631
native-born1645
indigenous1646
indigenary1651
indigenital1656
aboriginal1698
own-born1699
indigenal1725
homegrown1737
terrigenous1769
indigenate1775
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 545 Becaus I am a natyff Scottis man.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccv. f. cxxvi They before tyme were sworne to Edmunde..And also were natyfe Englyssemen.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccxxvjv Straungers being commaunded to departe, and the natiue countrie men there caste in pryson.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 23 The poore dapled fooles Being natiue Burgers of this desert City. View more context for this quotation
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. v. x. sig. Mm3v She is ever a Natural, though no Native, Persian.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 59 The native Turks are honest People, and love honest People.
1716 M. Davies Diss. Author & Oecon. Lat. Drama 27 in Athenæ Britannicæ III England seems to have been always the least concern'd for the Encouragement of poor Native Proselyts to the Protestant Communion.
1782 R. Cumberland Anecd. Painters Spain I. 94 Spain at that brilliant æra was in possession of many native painters.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) Each regiment of native cavalry and native infantry.
1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. xxi. 281 They were native Englishmen, whose fathers had lived in the sunny richness of the Elizabethan epoch.
1884 Manch. Examiner 17 May 5/1 The tolls..were intended to be a protection to the native handicraftsmen in gold and silver.
1908 J. Flood New Norcia 109 The first season the native cricket team went from home to try their prowess against the outside world they were an object of deep interest.
1944 J. Devanny By Tropic Sea & Jungle 65 Days spent yarning with the fishermen, white and native.
1988 Kitchener–Waterloo (Ont.) Record 8 June a7/1 Georges Erasmus..warned native leaders that there is likely to be violence in the future.
b. As a predicative adjective (frequently in postmodifying verbless clause). Also with to; formerly also with †of.
ΚΠ
1558 J. Knox First Blast against Monstruous Regiment Women f. 34 A man natiue amongest them selues.
1576–7 Complayntis Commownis of Zetland f. 28v in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Indwelland(e Diuers of his seruandis..quhilk ar not native nor induelland men of our cuntrie.
a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) ix. xii. f. 319v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Baldrede, ane Scott native, doctor to Pichtis.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 151 Like a creature natiue and indewed Vnto that element. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 328 Are you natiue of this place? View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 313 That Prophet bold Native of Thebe[z] wandring here was fed. View more context for this quotation
1821 P. B. Shelley Epipsychidion 24 This land would have remained a solitude But for some pastoral people native there.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vii. 158 No Angel, but a dearer being, all dipt In Angel instincts,..Who look'd all native to her place.
1873 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 219 The family of Napoleon I. was originally native of that island i.e. Majorcan.
1928 A. Huxley Point Counter Point xxvii. 447 She held her peace and herself retired for consolation into those regions of artistic and literary fancy, where she was native and felt most at home.
1967 W. Golding Pyramid (1969) 125 A country to which I had access, of which, indeed, I was native.
1997 J. Ryan Dismantling Mr. Doyle iii. 28 Three one-off scholarships were offered to persons native to those places with which the college had historical links.
c. South African. Of, for, designating, or characteristic of a black African; black. Cf. native n. 5d, Compounds 1. Now chiefly historical, and avoided as offensive.Native was an official racial designation under the policy of apartheid in the mid 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > non-white person > [adjective]
blackOE
coloured1758
native1827
non-white1867
non-European1870
Indo-African1896
woggy1941
wog1948
New Commonwealth1964
1827 G. Thompson Trav. S. Afr. ii. viii. 301 Mr. Shaw, the missionary, being on a journey to Cape Town, I was hospitably received by two native teachers, who had the superintendence of the institution in his absence.
1846 in Parl. Papers 1848 (Cmnd. 980) 63 The native population of this colony is made up principally of the remnants of several different tribes who inhabited the country previous to the time of the Zoolah chief Chaka.
1892 Jrnl. (Grahamstown, S. Afr.) 14 Jan. 2 The criminals are for the most part Coloured or Native men.
1930 N. Stevenson Farmers of Lekkerbat 17 The house..was thatched as the native rondawels were with veld grass.
1951 A. Gordon-Brown Year Bk. & Guide S. Afr. 301 A Representative Council..which must also consider all legislation affecting the Native population referred to it by the Minister of Native Affairs.
1982 M. Mzamane Children of Soweto 185 Ag, these blerry native names, they so difficult! How do they ever manage to pronounce them?
12. Of flora, fauna, or a natural product.
a. Produced in or belonging to the country in question; of indigenous origin, production, or growth; not foreign, exotic, or imported.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > native (of country or place) > of one's native country > of indigenous origin
native1555
staple1771
autochthonous1804
autochthonic1828
autochthonal1829
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. viii. f. 38 Images..very artificiously made of golde... The golde wherof they are made, is natiue.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. I2 What with recalling of the prophesie, And that our natiue stones from English armes Rebell against vs, finde my selfe attainted With strong surprise of weake and yeelding feare.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 142 'Tis often seene..choise breedes A natiue slip to vs from forraine seedes. View more context for this quotation
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 2199 Tobacco.., Which, because far fetcht only, doth exceed In vertue all our native hearbes.
1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 1 Trade is twofold, viz. Native, and Forein.
1670 R. Coke Disc. Trade 28 So our Native Commodities are not valuable as if Trade were free.
1732 Philos. Trans. 1731–2 (Royal Soc.) 37 220 I spared neither Labour nor Expences..in shewing the Use of native Plants, and trying them myself in my Practice.
1809 A. Edmondston View Zetland Islands I. 206 The native Zetland horse is very small.
1817 J. O'Hara Hist. New S. Wales 242 Of native fruits, a cherry, insipid in comparison of the European sorts, was found.
1845 Florist's Jrnl. 6 143 Even now, when such numbers of our native flowers ought to be in full perfection, they are scarcely to be found.
1894 ‘J. S. Winter’ Red Coats 118 Some biscuits, a tin of preserved chicken, some native cakes.
1940 M. de la Roche Whiteoak Chron. iii. iv. 438 That wine at dinner was native and there's simply nothing to it but gas on the stomach.
1967 A. J. Toynbee Between Maule & Amazon 38 The alternative method is, of course, to eliminate the native pasturage and to sow foreign grasses in place of it.
1983 A. Bullock Ernest Bevin iv. 139 In Yugoslavia there was at least a native Communist movement which could claim that it had proved its right to lead the nation by its wartime record in fighting the Germans.
2001 Times 4 Apr. i. 9/4 The land-use planning system should be altered to protect Britain's native animals.
b. With of or to in predicative use.
ΚΠ
1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 203 The greatest and most luxuriant Species in most Genera of Plants are Native of the Mountains.
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 83 Herbaceous plants, native of sandy plains..and usually decumbent.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xii. 249 The only quadruped native to the island, is a large wolf-like fox, which is common to both East and West Falkland.
1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 698 The Gamboge Tree..is native of Siam and Cochin-China.
1882 J. Smith Dict. Pop. Names Plants 436 Wax Palm. There are two so called: 1. Copernicia cerifera, a fan palm native of Brazil... 2. Ceroxylon andicola, a tall wing-leaved palm, native of the elevated regions of New Grenada.
1920 N. L. Britton & C. F. Millspaugh Bahama Flora 162 Leucaena glauca... Probably native of continental tropical America. Jumbie Bean.
1968 A. Fraser & J. T. Stamp Sheep Husb. (ed. 5) ii. 110 Another horned and black-faced breed is native to a rather confined hill district of Lancashire and Yorkshire.
1993 World & I Mar. 212/2 Apis cerana is the hive bee native to Asia.
c. Of an oyster: wholly or partly reared in British waters. Also: designating the common European oyster Ostrea edulis. Cf. native n. 7b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [adjective] > of or relating to oyster > of oysters of particular region
native1736
Whitstable1883
Olympia oyster1908
1736 Eng. Oyster Fisheries (1737) 22 They import none, and yet have, every Winter, very considerable Crops of Laid, as well as Native Oysters.
1855 W. S. Dallas Syst. Nat. Hist. I. 428 The ‘native’ oysters are obtained from artificial oyster banks.
1960 M. Sharcott Place of Many Winds iii. 47 In several places we found tiny native oysters.
1995 Times 28 Jan. 6/7 British oystermen are promising a revival of the native oyster, Ostrea edulis..,which was nearly wiped out 25 years ago by disease and over-dredging.
13. Computing. Designed for or built into a given system; not enhanced by additional software or hardware; spec. designating the language (esp. machine code) associated with a given processor or computer, and programs written in it.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > [adjective] > belonging to system
native1966
1966 J. Horn Computer & Data Processing Dict. & Guide 87 Native language, the communication means between machine units which is peculiar to a class of equipment.
1983 InfoWorld 24 Jan. 9/4 Some of the new Milton Bradley expander games will work only with the expander system, and some will work with the native TI computer.
1988 Network World 15 Aug. 1/5 Under the 3Com plan, IBM and Macintosh personal computers on the same local net will be able to..communicate with the server using the interface of their native operating systems.
1996 PC Week 5 Aug. 76/2 F&T includes native driver support for querying data from DB2..and Oracle Corp. databases.

Phrases

to go native: (of a person living away from their home country or region) to adopt the culture, customs, or way of life of the country or region one is living in. Also in extended use. Cf. to go fante at Fante n. and adj. 2.Originally used derogatorily of white people in colonial territories, with the implication that to do this would be to lapse into savagery or barbarism.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > be or become uncivilized [verb (intransitive)]
Indianize1702
wilder1798
Hottentot1806
barbarize1824
to go native1901
the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > direct one's conduct by a rule [verb (intransitive)] > conform > conform to native habits
to go fante1885
to go native1901
1901 R. Kipling Kim 567/2 Kim did not sweep the board with his reminiscences; for St. Xavier's looks down on boys who ‘go native altogether’.
1928 L. P. Greene Red Idol 253 I do all the heavy work... That's the only thing that's saved me from going native altogether.
1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 4 Sept. 694 Religious ceremonies which suggest to him that the new religion of Christianity [in S. America] has, after the fashion of new religions, gone native.
1948 O. Walker Kaffirs Are Lively 79 There were..white men who had ‘gone native’, as the saying is, and were living in remote kraals with a plurality of wives.
1983 C. Heimel Sex Tips for Girls (1986) xviii. 192 Do not decide to ‘go native’. There is something inherently unpleasant about a sophisticated girl from Chicago showing up at a kicker bar in Austin, Texas, in a ten-gallon hat and embroidered cowboy boots.
2006 A. Summers One Train Later xxiii. 294 The heat and lush, verdant topicality of the island drop you like a stone into a state of grooving relaxation, and within a couple of hours you go native.

Compounds

C1. Australian and New Zealand. Prefixed to the name of an animal or plant to form the name of an indigenous Australian or (less commonly) New Zealand animal or plant that is related to it or thought to resemble it in some way.
a. In the names of mammals, birds, and fishes, as native bustard, native mouse, native rabbit, etc.
ΚΠ
1788 in Hist. Rec. Austral. (1914) 1st Ser. I. 32 Five ewes and a lamb had been killed in the middle of the day, and very near the camp, I apprehend by some of the native dogs.
1804 M. Hookey B. Knopwood & his Times (1929) 24 Mar. 20 Killed a Native Hen, which first took the sea.
1826 J. Atkinson Acct. Agric. & Grazing New S. Wales 23 The rat, or native rabbit, has all the habits of the domestic rat of Europe.
1847 F. W. L. Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. Austral. 260 Several native bustards (Otis Novæ-Hollandiæ) were shot.
1929 W. Martin N.Z. Nature Bk. I. xix. 175 The Kokopu or ‘Native Trout’ (Galaxias fasciatus) is known from all parts of New Zealand south of the Bay of Islands.
1968 Times 23 Jan. (Austral. Suppl.) p. xiii/3 He..caught instead a pair of dibblers..believed to be extinct and of importance as a link between the smaller phascogales and the larger native cats.
1970 W. D. L. Ride Guide Native Mammals Austral. ix. 152 These relatively unspecialized-looking Australian native-mice are little known.
b. In the names of plants, fruits, etc., as native cabbage, native carrot, native millet, native pear, etc. Also, of woodland: composed of indigenous Australian or New Zealand trees or shrubs.
ΚΠ
1799 Banks Papers in Austral. Nat. Dict. (1988) 424/3 There is also some of the Native Flax which grows all over the Country.
1804 S. Macarthur Onslow Early Rec. Macarthurs (1914) 81 The Native Woods instead of making the Grass sour are generally so open as not to deteriorate its quality.
1817Native cherry [see native cherry n. at Compounds 2a].
1829 G. A. Robinson Jrnl. 19 Sept. in N. J. B. Plomley Friendly Mission (1966) 74 Learnt that the Kangaroo eat the prickly mimosa and likewise the native fig.
1847 F. W. L. Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. Austral. 64 The native carrot..was here withered and in seed.
1884 A. Nilson Timber Trees New S. Wales 125 X[ylomelum] pyriforme.—Wooden Pear; Native Pear.
1891 R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xxii. 294 Panicum decompositum, R. Br.—Barley grass, native millet, umbrella grass. Throughout Colonies, except Tasmania.
1908 E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. i. 15 Dome-shaped shrubs of glossy green (native cabbage—Scævola koenigü), with groups of pandanus palms.
1926 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 56 662 The word ‘native’ has been prefixed to almost as many names [of plants] as the words ‘New Zealand’—native aniseed, native convolvulus, etc.
1967 A. Rule Forests Austral. 61 He also did something towards improving the conditions of native hardwood forests.
1988 Sunday Sun (Brisbane) 7 Feb. 107/4 Alpinia caerulea or Native Ginger is the hardiest and most common of the Australian gingers.
C2.
a.
native alloy n. now rare a naturally occurring metal alloy; spec. = iridosmine n.
ΚΠ
1800 R. Heron Elem. Chem. 338 There is a native alloy of silver with gold, in filiform, reticular, or spangled specimens of a yellowish white colour.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 918 The native alloy on account of its hardness is used to point metallic pens.
1919 Jrnl. IEE 57 354/1 The pivot was ‘native alloy’ working in a ruby cup.
1980 Science 27 June 1417/3 Weathering of the rocks and the concentration of native alloys derived from them have given rise to the alluvial deposits.
† native amalgam n. Obsolete a naturally occurring amalgam of mercury with silver or gold, found in crystalline, massive, and semi-fluid forms.
ΚΠ
1788 G. von Engestrom tr. A. F. Cronstedt Ess. towards Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) II. §267. 544 Mr. Romé de l'Isle, speaks of a native amalgam of silver and mercury..which was found (at Muschel Landsberg, in the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts) in a ferrugineous matrix, mixed with cinnabar.
1816 P. Cleaveland Elem. Treat. Mineral. & Geol. 444 Argental Mercury. This native amalgam [etc.].
1842 Ladies' Repository Mar. 80/2 We have the native mercury, native amalgam, muriate and sulphuret of mercury, as natural productions.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 133 A native amalgam of mercury and silver occurs in fine crystals in the mines of Moschellandsberg, in the Palatinate.
native bear n. Australian the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Phascolarctidae (koala)
sloth1791
koala1808
native bear1827
monkey1836
monkey bear1868
kangaroo-bear-
1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales I. xvii. 317 Our coola (sloth or native bear) is about the size of an ordinary poodle dog.
1884 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 13 193 You are now growing up, and will soon be able to kill kangaroos and native bears, and you will be a man.
1916 J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee xii. 174 I saw for the first time a native bear on the bough of a black butt.
1988 L. A. Murray Daylight Moon 53 Bloody cruel mongrels, telling me the native bear Would grow a new hide if you skun [sic] it alive.
native bush n. New Zealand woodland or forest consisting of indigenous plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > specific plants
briery1552
mushroom earth1731
tule1837
native bush1853
thornveld1878
fellfield1909
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > characteristic of particular habitat or period
maquis1829
motte1844
amber forest1846
caatinga1846
native bush1853
chena1877
monsoon forest1903
rainforest1903
tropical rainforest1903
padang1909
cloud forest1922
macchia1924
1853 H. Sewell Jrnl. (1980) I. 429 After surveying our Estates rode home with Mr Raven through the Native Bush—not so picturesque by half as the Wellington Woods, but striking.
1930 L. G. D. Acland Early Canterbury Runs vi. 125 The glorious view, native bush and trim gardens make it [sc. Peel Forest] one of the most beautiful homesteads in Canterbury.
1985 J. Frame Envoy from Mirror City 160 We entered the Hauraki Gulf sailing slowly past the Bays with their unexpectedly colourful houses..set against..the darker green where stands of native bush remained.
native cat n. any of several carnivorous catlike marsupials constituting the genus Dasyurus (family Dasyuridae) and having short legs, a long tail, and a white-spotted coat, native to the forests of Australia and New Guinea; also called dasyure, quoll.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Dasyuridae > subfamily Dasyurinae > member of genus Dasyurus
quoll1773
spotted marten1789
native cat1804
tiger-cat1832
dasyure1839
1804 Sydney Gaz. 11 Mar. 3/3 From the prodigious increase of the brood of wild or native cats great quantities of poultry have been destroyed.
1880 L. A. Meredith Tasmanian Friends & Foes 67 The native cat is similar [to the tiger cat], but smaller, and its fur is an ashy-grey.
1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xviii. 217 Most of them are..usually nocturnal, and on the whole not well fitted for captivity. Exceptions include various types of kangaroos, the dasyure, or native cat, wombats, [etc.].
1991 R. M. Nowak Walker's Mammals of World (ed. 5) I. 49/1 The three larger species of native ‘cats’ appear to have suffered since the settlement of Australia by Europeans.
native cherry n. Australian a small cypress-like Australian tree, Exocarpos cupressiformis (family Santalaceae) (also native cherry-tree); (also) the fruit of this tree, which is a nut attached to an edible fleshy receptacle.
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1817 A. Cunningham in I. Lee Early Explorers Austral. (1925) 217 The Native Cherry, our common eastern coast plant, Exocarpus cupressiformis.
1844 S. Austral. Odd Fellows' Mag. Oct. 191 The thick foliage of the native cherry-tree..studded with small fruit just blushing into ripeness.
1886 W. J. Woods Visit to Victoria 22 The Native Cherry, whose stone grows outside the fruit, is of the size of a pea, acrid and dry.
1948 H. A. Lindsay Bushman's Handbk. 58 The native cherry..is practically leafless and has flattened stems.
1984 E. Walling On Trail Austral. Wildflowers 12 A Native Cherry..gives a wonderful note of contrast in the bush.
native companion n. Australian the brolga, Grus rubicundus, an Australian crane.
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the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Gruidae (cranes) > member of genus Grus > grus rubicunda (brolga)
native companion1817
brolga1896
1817 J. Oxley Jrnls. Two Exped. New S. Wales 12 May (1820) 33 That large species of bittern, known on the east-coast by the local name of Native Companions, I believe from the circumstance of their being always seen in pairs, was observed.
1896 Westm. Gaz. 6 Oct. 2/1 The native companion crane, otherwise known as the brolga.
1934 T. Wood Cobbers xvi. 189 Native companions—strange white stalky birds on stilts whose courtship dance is a marvel.
1987 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 15 May (Great Outdoors Suppl.) 4/4 The brolga, or native companion, is the Australian crane.
native currant n. Australian any of various edible Australian berries resembling the redcurrant, esp. those of Leptomeria acida (family Santalaceae) and of Coprosma quadrifida (family Rubiaceae); (also) any of the plants bearing these berries.
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1826 J. Atkinson Acct. Agric. & Grazing New S. Wales 19 The native currant..resembling the cranberry.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 674 Leptomeria Billardieri is a pretty broom-like shrub..producing greenish-red berries, which are called Native Currants in New South Wales and Victoria.
1903 Tasmanian Timbers (Tasmanian Lands & Survey Dept.) 29 Native currant..grows little larger than a bush.
1959 Trans. Royal Soc. S. Austral. 82 126 In the gorges grow the Native Currant..and many other under-shrubs.
native daphne n. (a) Australian a small Australian tree, Myoporum montanum (family Myoporaceae), valued for its timber; (b) Australian the tree Pittosporum undulatum (family Pittosporaceae), native to Australia and grown in gardens there for its fragrant flowers; (c) New Zealand either of two small New Zealand shrubs, Pimelea longifolia and P. prostrata (family Thymelaeaceae), with fragrant flowers.
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1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants 575 Native Daphne... Timber soft and moderately light, yet tough. It is used for building purposes.
1960 R. E. Harrison Handbk. Trees & Shrubs for Southern Hemisphere (ed. 2) 255/1 P[ittosporum] undulatum. This half-hardy Australian species commonly called the Native Daphne, scents the whole garden at night with its creamy-white flowers.
1961 W. Martin Flora N.Z. (ed. 4) 204 [Another very floriferous shrub to be seen on the] drier hillsides of Nelson and Marlborough and of North Island hills is that known as the Native Daphne or Taranga (Pimelea longifolia).
1965 Austral. Encycl. VI. 236/1 M[yoporum] tenuifolium..has a soft, moderately light wood... The very closely related M. montanum has been called native myrtle, native daphne, and..water-bush.
1989 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 6 May 21/7 The native pittosporum undulatum, sometimes referred to as a native daphne, will delight many a passer-by as its sweetness wafts on the wind.
1995 A. Crowe Which Coastal Plant? 38 Native daphne [sc. Pimelea prostrata] is a useful mat-like plant to use in rock gardens.
† native day n. [after classical Latin diēs nātālis natal day (1521 in post-classical Latin in the passage translated in quot. 1546)] Obsolete natal day, birthday.
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the world > time > particular time > an anniversary > [noun] > birthday
birthdayc1384
nativitya1393
native day1546
birthnight1637
fête day1877
b-day1938
1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke v. f. 51v Whiche honored the daie of consecratyng their religiouse as solemnely, as the daie of their natiuite,..callyng it the natiue daie of their sacred personages.
a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) sig. R3 Neither thy Coan Purples lay, Nor that thy Jewels native day Can make thee backwards live, And those lost years retrive.
1864 R. S. Hawker To Matilda Valentine in Cornish Ballads & Other Poems (1869) 166 Welcome that sun! its joyous ray Smiles on Matilda's native day.
native dog n. (a) any of various wild or feral dogs; (Australian) the dingo (now historical); (b) any of various breeds of dog kept by tribal peoples; (New Zealand) the extinct kuri or Maori dog.
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1788Native dog [see Compounds 1a].
1821 in R. McNab Hist. Rec. N.Z. (1908) I. 536 Are there any quadrupeds in New Zealand, wild or tame?.. None but the native dog that resembles that of New Holland, tho' in New Zealand it is capable of being domesticated.
1890 A. Conan Doyle Sign of Four xii. 231 I found it was Dawson's wife, all cut into ribbons, and half eaten by jackals and native dogs.
1925 E. Best Tuhoe 11 The native dog, now extinct, is said to have been introduced by old-time Polynesian voyagers from the isles of Polynesia.
1970 W. S. Ramson Eng. Transported 42 It is only later that native dog has given way to dingo.
1987 D. Gersi Explorer xi. 238 When we arrived at evening in the Punan village we were greeted by the wild barkings of their native dogs.
native flax n. either of two plants used as a source of fibre: (a) Australian (now rare), an Australian flax, Linum marginale (family Linaceae); (b) New Zealand the flax-lily or New Zealand flax, Phormium tenax (family Agavaceae).
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1799Native flax [see Compounds 1b].
1870 T. H. Braim New Homes viii. 375 The native flax (phormium tenax) is found in all parts of New Zealand.
1922 Sci. Monthly Dec. 503 These [plants] are the native ‘flax’ (Phormium tenax) and the ‘cabbage-tree’ (Cordyline australis), often grown in California under the name Yucca-palm.
1982 N. C. W. Beadle et al. Flora Sydney Region (ed. 3) 195 Grasslands and open forest... Native flax..L. marginale.
1982 New Phytologist 90 607 There is also much information upon former exploitation of native plants such as the native flax, Phormium tenax, and the magnificent native timber.
native fuchsia n. Australian any of several Australian shrubs that have red tubular flowers suggestive of fuchsia, esp. Correa reflexa (family Rutaceae) and Epacris longiflora (family Epacridaceae; also called fuchsia heath).
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1860 G. Bennett Gatherings of Naturalist in Austral. xix. 372 The Correa virens, with its pretty pendulous blossoms (from which it has been named the ‘Native Fuchsia’).
1890 ‘Lyth’ Golden South 209 Pillars wreathed with..native fuchsia.
1966 T. Y. Harris Wild Flowers Austral. (ed. 6) 1 Native Fuchsia or Fuchsia Heath. Epacris longiflora... Native Fuchsia varies from a straggling shrub to a tall erect plant.
1989 L. Cronin Conc. Austral. Flora 24 Correa reflexa. Native Fuchsia. Common Correa. Variable erect or spreading downy shrub.
native harebell n. New Zealand any of several New Zealand plants of the genus Wahlenbergia (family Campanulaceae), with blue or white bell-shaped flowers.
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1900 Canterbury Old & New 183 Everywhere a graceful native harebell shows its blue or white flowers.
1963 L. B. Moore & N. M. Adams Plants N.Z. Coast 78 Rock Crevice plants... Wahlenbergia gracilis.., native harebell. The flowers are blue or white and about half an inch across.
native heath n. one's home ground; cf. sense 9c.
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1817Native heath [see sense 9c].
1854 R. W. MacGavock Tennessean Abroad 101 We accepted, as you might suppose, being unwilling to allow such a favourable opportunity to pass for seeing the Highland character in its native heath.
1923 National Geographic Mag. Apr. 425/1 To know the real Missourian..you must quit the larger cities and seek him on his native heath.
2001 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 7 Jan. Of course, there are times when it seems that Scots really do rule the roost outside their native heath.
native hen n. either of two Australian moorhens of the genus Gallinula, esp. (in full Tasmanian native hen) the large and flightless G. mortierii, found only in Tasmania.
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1804 M. Hookey B. Knopwood & his Times (1929) 24 Mar. 20 Killed a Native Hen, which first took the sea.
1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. VI. pl. 71 Tribonyx Mortierii, Native Hen, of the Colonists.
1958 J. A. Leach Austral. Bird Bk. (ed. 9) 22 The Tasmanian Native Hen is one of the dozen or so birds confined to Tasmania.
1994 J. M. Masson When Elephants Weep (1996) 8 The female Tasmanian native hen often mates with two males and the trio raises the young together.
native laurel n. Australian a large evergreen Tasmanian shrub, Anopterus glandulosus (family Escalloniaceae), with dark leathery leaves and white bell-shaped flowers.
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1842 D. Burn Narr. Journey Hobart Town to Macquarie Harbour (1955) 25 A singularly beautiful shrub, styled in unlearned phrase, the ‘Native Laurel’.
1927 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 57 410 The stick for making fire was called ‘nummy-pooree’, and was of native laurel, ‘tee-oojer’, split at one end.
1985 Austral. Garden Jrnl. Dec. 50 Nearby is the Fern House, where many examples of Tasmanian indigenous plants flourish, like Huon Pine..Native Laurel [etc.]
† native mangrove n. Australian Obsolete rare a coastal variety of wattle, Acacia longifolia var. sophorae, of eastern Australia and Tasmania.
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1898 E. E. Morris Austral. Eng. 317/1 Native Mangrove, Tasmanian name for the Boobialla.
native metal n. a metal which occurs naturally in a pure state.
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1757 tr. J. F. Henckel Pyritologia 42 A native metal may lie..in so light and tender a form..as that the noble metal cannot be sludged, but be carried away by the stream.
1858 S. J. Ritchie Wisconsin & its Resources 200 The copper of the south shore..and on Isle Royale, is mostly in the metallic state, and all the valuable working mines are there opened for the native metal.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. v. 58 Some of them are found ready to hand in the form of native metals, whilst others were prepared by smelting from their ores.
1991 S. Bowman Sci. & Past (BNC) 76 As a native metal, gold required no extraction by smelting.
native mulberry n. any of several trees that are related to the mulberry, or that resemble it in some way; esp. (a) U.S. the red mulberry, Morus rubra, of North America; (b) Australian the small tree Pipturus argenteus (family Urticaceae), which bears a white, mulberry-like fruit; (c) Australian the pigeon-berry tree, Litsea dealbata (family Lauraceae). (also) the fruit of any of these trees.
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1846 Commerc. Rev. South & West Feb. 164 The indigenous silk-worm weaves its web over our trees, and the native mulberry beautifies our landscape with its trembling leaves.
1871 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1870 3 185 Entelea arborescens... The Whau, or native Mulberry, is remarkable for its immense cordate leaves.
1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 563 Litsea dealbata... ‘Pigeon-berry Tree.’ ‘Native Mulberry.’
1914 Science 30 Oct. 614/2 Others [sc. native U.S. fruits] which can only be named are:..the high-bush cranberry; native mulberries; [etc.].
1936 J. W. Audas Native Trees Austral. 229 Litsea dealbata... A well-known tree of Queensland and New South Wales called Native Mulberry or Pigeon-Berry Tree.
1984 K. A. W. Williams Native Plants Queensland II. 224 Native Mulberry... The small, mulberry-like fruits..are sweet and juicy.
native nectarine n. Australian (now rare) the emu-apple, Owenia acidula, of eastern Australia; cf. native peach n., native quince n.
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1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 49 Owenia acidula,... ‘Sour Plum’, ‘Native Peach or Nectarine’.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 5/1 Emu A[pple]—Owenia acidula..; called also Native Nectarine and Native Quince.
1905 J. H. Maiden Forest Flora New S. Wales II. 90 It is called ‘Sour Plum’, ‘Native Peach or Nectarine’, and ‘Emu Apple’.
† native note n. Obsolete rare a birthmark.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > blemish > [noun] > spot or mark > birth-mark
birthmark1579
longing mark1644
native note1658
signature1659
naevus1684
mother spot1690
naevus maternus1726
mother's mark1797
mother mark1822
strawberry-mark1847
birth stain1850
port wine mark1853
spider cancer1898
spider-naevus1898
spider1942
spider angioma1956
1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 156 That Augustus had native notes on his body..after the order and number in the Starre of Charles wayne.
native orange n. Australian any of several Australian shrubs or small trees bearing edible globular orange fruits, esp. species of orange-thorn (genus Citriobatus, family Pittosporaceae) and wild caper (genus Capparis, family Capparaceae) (also native orange tree); the fruit of any of these trees; cf. native pomegranate n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > pomegranate
pomegranatec1330
garneta1400
apple-garnadec1400
Punic?1440
Punical pomec1450
grenade?1533
granate1568
apple Punic1601
Punic apple1601
granate-applea1622
grenado1656
balausta1842
native orange1860
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > pomegranate > type of pomegranate
native orange1860
1860 J. M. Stuart Jrnl. 24 Apr. in Explor. Austral. (1864) 166 The native orange-tree abounds here.
1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 12 ‘Small Native Pomegranate’, ‘Native Orange’... The fruit is from one to two inches in diameter, and the pulp, which has an agreeable perfume, is eaten by the natives.
1936 C. Chewings Back in Stone Age 27 In rocky ground in the ranges the native orange..is common enough.
1996 J. T. Hospital Oyster (1997) 352 A line of wild native orange trees straggled up the slope.
native peach n. Australian the acid fruit of either of two Australian trees, the quandong, Santalium acuminatum, and the emu-apple, Owenia acidula; (also) either of these trees; cf. native nectarine n. at nectarine n.1 2, native quince n.
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1839 H. Ward Diary 6 I soon discovered several sorts of Bryanthemuns in flower..called heer by some native peaches.
1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 49 Owenia acidula,... ‘Sour Plum’, ‘Native Peach or Nectarine’.
1967 A. M. Blombery Guide Native Austral. Plants 313 S. acuminatum. Quandong, Native Peach... A shrub or small tree with light greyish-green, narrow, lanceolate leaves and bright-red fruits.
2000 A. Dalby Dangerous Tastes 30 The closest relatives of this unusual tree—the bush plum, native peach and Australian sandalwood—grow in northern Australia.
native pomegranate n. Australian any of several Australian species of wild caper or native orange (genus Capparis, family Capparaceae); (also) the fruit of any of these trees; cf. native orange n.
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1880 J. Bonwick Resources Queensland 82 The Native Pomegranate..has a hard, close-grained scrubwood.
1938 C. T. White Princ. Bot. Queensland Farmers 45 Species of Capparis (Bumbil Tree or Native Pomegranate).
1982 W. R. Elliot & D. L. Jones Encycl. Austral. Plants II. 280 Native Pomegranate... A prostrate to low, spreading shrub.
native poplar n. Australian either of two small trees with leaves resembling those of many poplars, Omalanthus nutans (family Euphorbiaceae), of western Australia (also called Queensland poplar), and the horseradish tree, Codonocarpus cotinifolius (family Gyrostemonaceae), of central Australia.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > poplars and allies > [noun] > Australian poplar
mustard tree1619
poplar1700
horseradish tree1859
native poplar1889
Queensland poplar1890
radish tree1898
1889 E. Giles Austral. Twice Traversed II. 195 There was nothing but the native poplar for the camels to eat, and they devoured the leaves with great apparent relish.
1906 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 31 445 Carumbium populifolium..(Native Poplar).
1979 J. W. Wrigley & M. Fagg Austral. Native Plants 194 Codonocarpus cotinifolius..Native poplar. Tall, pyramidal tree. Leaves are poplar-like, grey-green.
1994 Telopea 6 169 (title) Omalanthus nutans (Euphorbiaceae), the correct name for the ‘Native Bleeding Heart’ or ‘Native Poplar’ of Australia.
native potato n. any of several plants with edible tuberous roots; esp. (a) Australian the potato orchid, Gastrodia sesamoides, of Tasmania; (b) South African the madumbi or taro, Colocasia esculenta; (c) Australian the twining plants Marsdenia viridiflora and M. flavescens (family Asclepiadaceae), of New South Wales. (also) the root of any of these plants.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > other root vegetables or plants producing them
skirret-root1565
Spanish nut1597
oca1604
tuckahoe1612
sisyrinchium1629
sedge-root1648
arrowroot1681
breadroot1756
tannia1756
rush nut1783
wapato1796
cous1806
prairie turnip1811
prairie potato1828
native potato1833
murnong1836
Tartarian bread1836
biscuitroot1837
tobacco-root1845
amadumbi1851
chufa1860
yam-bean1864
parsnip chervil1866
tiger-nut1887
yautia1899
wasabi1903
1833 J. Backhouse Narr. Visit Austral. Colonies 2 Jan. (1843) 119 I dug up a Gastrodium sesamoides..sometimes called Native Potato.
1858 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 557 The sisinyane, the native potato, which lives for ever, like the Jerusalem artichoke, and is bitter and waxy to the taste.
1888 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 3 515 ‘Native potato’..tubers were roasted and eaten by the Tasmanian natives.
1953 R. Campbell Mamba's Precipice 148 He fished a hot madumbi, or native potato, out of the pot.
1981 D. Levitt Plants & People 34 Native Potato (Marsdenia viridiflora).
native quince n. Australian any of several Australian trees with acid fruit, esp. the emu-apple, Owenia acidula, and the quandong, Santalium acuminatum; cf. native nectarine n. at nectarine n.1 2, native peach n.
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1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 198 Petalostigma quadriloculare..Euphorbiaceae, B.Fl., vi., 92. ‘Crab Tree.’ ‘Native Quince.’ ‘Emu Apple.’ ‘Bitter Bark.’ ‘Quinine tree.’
1965 Austral. Encycl. VII. 335/1 Native Quince, sometimes wild quince, the name applied in Australia to the trees Petalostigma..and Alectryon subcinereus (see Sapindaceae).
native rock n. rock in its original place in the ground.
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1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle iv. i. 44 Like a Diamond in his Native Rock, you shine without the aid of Art or Flattery.
1760 J. Wesley Jrnl. 10 Sept. (1827) III. 16 One end..was native rock.
1847 B. Disraeli Tancred II. iii. vii. 116 I speak of those colossal reservoirs cut out of the native rock and fed by a single spring, discharging their waters into an aqueduct of perforated stone.
1897 T. Hardy Well-beloved ii. v. 130 The wharves along the Thames, where the stone of his native rock was unshipped from the coasting-craft.
1977 S. Kostof Architect 92 All had to master the working of stone, from the splitting of the block out of the native rock..to the specialized skill of carving moldings.
† native rocket n. Australian Obsolete rare an epacris, Epacris lanuginosa, of wet heaths in south-east Australia and Tasmania.
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1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 392/1 Native rocket, a Tasmanian name for Epacris lanuginosa.
native rose n. (see rose n.1 3b).
native speaker n. a person for whom a specified language is their first language or the one which they normally and naturally speak, esp. a person who has spoken the language since earliest childhood, as opposed to a person who has learnt it as a second or subsequent language.The main use of the term among linguists is to identify a person who has an intuitive insight into the way a language is used; however, what criteria entitle a person to the description have been a matter of some debate.
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1859 G. P. Marsh in Inaug. Addr. Theodore W. Dwight & George P. Marsh (Columbia Coll.) 72 At the same time, there is enough of grammatical inflection to familiarize the native speaker with syntactical principles imperfectly exemplified in French and English.
1890 C. H. Grandgent in Boston School Comm. School Doc. No. 14. 4 He must know how they sound to a native hearer, and how they put themselves together in the mind of a native speaker.
1943 R. A. Hall Melanesian Pidgin Eng. 9 In the absence of native speakers, Pidgin does not present the same constant features of pronunciation and grammatical usage as do major languages.
2001 Guardian 26 May (Saturday section) 3/7 It is only there..that you can still hear such rare Australian Aboriginal languages as Jiwarli, whose last native speaker died in 1986.
native tamarind n. Australian the edible acid pulpy fruit of the Australian tree Diploglottis australis (family Sapindaceae); (also) the tree itself.
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1854 F. Eldershaw Austral. as it really Is 43 The native..Tamarind, Chestnut..are..well-recognized delicacies among the rising Anglo-Australian generation.
1919 Emu 19 7 Feeding on the berries of the..native tamarind.
1985 N. Nicholson & H. Nicholson Austral. Rainforest Plants 26 Native Tamarind will grow in sun or shade.
native thrush n. New Zealand (now rare) = piopio n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > [noun] > subfamily Pachycephalinae > other types of
piopio1841
native thrush1894
1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 621 Native-Thrush, Pachycephala olivacea (Thickhead).
1904 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1903 36 124 The Piopio, or Native Thrush..and the Long-tailed Cuckoo..are somewhat [similar] in appearance.
1966 R. A. Falla et al. Field Guide Birds N.Z. 238 New Zealand Thrush... The early settlers found the native thrush a common bird of the forest.
native trout n. (a) U.S. the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis; (b) New Zealand any of several freshwater fishes of the genus Galaxias, esp. G. fasciatus; cf. kokopu n.
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1891 Overland Monthly Sept. 226 Their white, pebbly beds gleam in the sunlight with only a narrow channel and broader stretch of water here and there to bespeak the haunt of the native trout.
1927 R. Speight et al. Nat. Hist. Canterbury 196 The species of Galaxias may broadly be divided into the small, sea-running whitebait minnows.., the larger native ‘trout’ (G. fasciatus and allied species), which probably breed inland.
1990 R. M. McDowall N.Z. Freshwater Fishes (ed. 2) 94 Galaxias fasciatus... Like the giant kokopu, the banded kokopu is sometimes known as Maori trout or native trout.
1996 Conservation Biol. 10 1404/1 Hybridization is the most significant factor resulting in the loss of native trout populations in some regions [of the U.S.].
† native turkey n. Australian Obsolete the Australian bustard, Choriotis australis.
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the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Otididae > member of (bustard)
bustarda1475
gustardc1540
pou1798
native turkey1822
houbara1827
Stanley bustard1831
1822 B. Field Jrnl. 12 Oct. in Geogr. Mem. New S. Wales (1825) 443 At Bathurst, saw what is called the native turkey. It is the New Holland vulture of Dr. Latham, and is one of the most remarkable birds found in Australia, appearing to form a connecting link between the rapacious and gallinaceous orders.
1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. VI. pl. 4 Australian Bustard;..Native Turkey.
1891 Quiz & Lantern (Adelaide) 19 June 6/2 What do the Zoological authorities mean by advertising for kangaroo, native turkeys, ‘and other birds’?
native willow n. Australian any of several Australian trees resembling willows in their pendulous habit, esp. the couba, Acacia salicina, and the butter-bush, Pittosporum phillyraeoides.
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1861 Sydney Mail 6 July 3/3 The graceful Acacia floribunda..or ‘native willow’ is golden with bloom.
1888 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S. Wales 3 538 Pittosporum phillyraeoides..called variously ‘Butter-bush’, ‘Native Willow’, and ‘Poison-berry’ tree.
1956 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 43 143 Vernacular Names [for Pittosporum phillyraeoides]: Butter Bush, Willow or Willow Tree,..Native Willow, [etc.].
1975 I. Holliday & R. Hill Field Guide Austral. Trees 22 ‘Native Willow’ has an extensive range in the dry inland regions of all mainland States.
native wit n. innate, untutored intelligence or shrewdness.
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1650 R. Heath Clarastella 4 One, whose unborrow'd native Wit proclaim'd Him sole Apollo's heire.
1723 R. Blackmore Alfred v. 171 Sciences, which polish native Wit, Industrious Youth for Trusts important fit.
1869 W. J. Courthope Ludibria Lunae i. 22 How on hind legs he used to sit With pendent paws of speechless woe; His courtly parts, his native wit.
1991 J. Trollope Rector's Wife xi. 150 Just because I'm inexperienced..doesn't mean that I lack perception or native wit.
native yam n. Australian (now rare) the edible tuberous root of any of several Australian plants, esp. species of morning glory (genus Ipomoea) and of the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae); (also) any of these plants.
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1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales I. 300 They [sc. pigs] feed on the grasses, herbs, wild roots and native yams.
1844 Swan River News June 47/1 The native yam..is stated..to be the finest esculent vegetable that the colony produces.
1899 Proc. Linn. Soc. New S.Wales 24 387 The tubers are known locally as ‘Native Yams’.
1913 Bulletin (Sydney) 6 Feb. 15/4 The native-yam workings..resemble an old alluvial gold diggings.
b. Compounds in which native refers to indigenous (esp. non-European) peoples (see sense 10b), and may in some cases be taken as the noun.
native affairs n. now chiefly historical and offensive legal or political matters relating to the indigenous population of a country or area; frequently (usually with capital initials) in the name of a government department with responsibility for such matters.
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1856 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 1856–8 2 May 49 I gather that the administration of Native affairs is not to be intrusted to Ministers, but to the Governor alone.
1860 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 1858–60 10 Aug. 281 Ministers were to consult the Native Affairs Department in the ordinary way.
1938 J. F. W. Schulz Destined to Perish 10 There could be..a permanent commission for native affairs with a national policy and a continuous programme of development.
1991 K. Maguire Politics in S. Afr. i. 18 Things were to change drastically with the appointment of Dr. H. F. Verwoerd as Minister for Native Affairs in 1950.
native area n. South African (now historical and offensive) an area of land set aside for the use of the indigenous population; cf. native reserve n.
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1909 Illustr. London News 8 Jan. The 32 Native areas which equal 2421 square miles—are probably enough for the present; but eventually..will become what the Native Locations are in Natal.
1941 C. W. De Kiewiet Hist. of S. Afr. 142 The Glen Grey district of the native area known as the Transkei.
1992 J. Crush in J. Crush & C. Ambler Liquor & Labor in Southern Afr. xiv. 376 Somewhat problematically for the company, its mineral rights lay squarely within a block of land known as Native Area No. 3.
native beer n. South African now chiefly historical a thick home-brewed beer, also known as tshwala, made traditionally among African people from fermented sorghum millet and water; any commercially prepared equivalent.
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1836 A. F. Gardiner Narr. Journey Zoolu Country 30 A large bowl of outchualla (n) was sent to my hut by order of Dingaan.
1928 L. P. Greene Adventure Omnibus 49 They drank occasionally from a large calabash of thick native beer.
1988 T. Dangarembga Nerv. Conditions (1993) i. 4 They rewarded us for our efforts by building us a beer-hall.., where ‘native beer’ and ‘clear beer’ were sold cheaply every day of the week.
native bread n. Australian the very large tuber-like sclerotium of the fungus Laccocephalum mylittae (formerly included in the genus Polyporus), eaten by Australian Aboriginal people; also called blackfellow's bread (see blackfellow n.).
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > fungi > [noun] > other underground fungi
Indian bread1820
native bread1831
blackfellow's bread1871
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > mushrooms or edible fungi > truffle or underground fungus > other underground fungi
native bread1831
blackfellow's bread1871
1831 G. A. Robinson Jrnl. 23 Oct. in N. J. B. Plomley Friendly Mission (1966) 490 One of the native women..found a bulbous plant called by the white people ‘native bread’.
1884 Times 14 Aug. 3 A fungoid plant, the Tasmanian native bread, weighed, when fresh, 37 lbs.
1927 Bulletin (Sydney) 28 July 24/4 The largest piece of ‘native bread’ that has come under my notice..weighed nearly 70 lb.
1985 Austral. Nat. Hist. Spring 410 The ‘stones’..are storage organs of a curious fungus known as native bread.
native doctor n. originally and chiefly Australian a koradji or medicine man.
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1841 G. Grey Jrnls. Two Exped. in N.W. & W. Austral. I. 215 The cave was frequented by some wise man or native doctor, who was resorted to by the inhabitants in cases of disease or witchcraft.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xv. 167 Native doctors swarm in Mongolia.
1965 Austral. Encycl. I. 68/2 Among..the Wiradjuri of western New South Wales..the native doctor not only practises ‘black’ magic..but may also be an oracle of his group.
2001 Edmonton Sun (Nexis) 16 June 26 Monture, a Mohawk from the Six Nations reserve near the southern Ontario community of Brantford, is only one of two dozen native doctors in all of Canada.
native friendship centre n. Canadian a centre established to provide advice, social services, etc., to North American Indians, esp. in areas where such people are a minority; also called friendship centre.
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1968 Canad. Mag. 28 Dec. 2/4 A member of the Native Friendship Centre in Grande Prairie, south of Loon Lake.
1991 L. Shorten Without Reserve ix. 227 He was involved in the first Native Friendship Centre, in setting up Native Counselling Services, in the Indian Association.
native law n. South African now historical a body of laws based partly on the traditional law of the indigenous peoples of southern Africa and applicable only to black African people.
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1869 in D. Welsh Roots of Segregation (1971) 163 It is quite practicable to codify and publish the Native Laws.
1881 (title) Reports of resident magistrates and administrators of native law on natives for the year 1880.
1986 P. Maylam Hist. Afr. People 180 These unfortunates were the people who could be ‘endorsed out’ of urban areas..under the 1952 Native Laws Amendment Act.
native oven n. New Zealand = kopa Maori n.; (also Australian) a similar oven in Australia.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > oven > earth oven
native oven1820
copper Maoric1826
Maori oven1840
kohua1843
umu1845
hangi1861
imu1928
1820 T. Kendall & S. Lee Gram. & Vocab. Lang. N.Z. 134 A'ngi, name of a certain tree; a native oven.
1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 101 (heading) The haangi—(native oven).
1946 K. S. Pritchard Roaring Nineties 149 Scooped a native oven out of the ground.
c1960 C. Mackness Clump Point & District 55 He found three white bodies in a native ‘oven’ on Murdering Point.
native problem n. now historical and offensive the cultural conflict between colonizers or settlers and the indigenous population of a country, as perceived by the former (cf. native question n.); the indigenous population itself viewed as a problem.
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1897 N. Amer. Rev. Feb. 247 There always exists a danger of future general uprising of the natives of South Africa... The solution of the native problem demands the co-operation of all the South African States.
1937 Tomorrow (Christchurch, N.Z.) 3 Mar. 275 As lately as January 14th, a Christchurch paper printed a leader congratulating you and me once more on there being no native problem in New Zealand.
1992 Slavic Rev. 51 56 For the Siberian regionalist platform on the ‘native problem’, see N. M. Iadrintsev's Sibir' kak koloniia (St. Petersburg.., 1882).
native question n. now historical and offensive the issue of the relationship between colonizers or settlers and the indigenous population of a country, as perceived by the former.
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society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > relations between colonizers and native races
native question1843
1843 J. Wood Twelve Months in Wellington 16 The Company's agent promises roads, and the settlement of the native question.
1881 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 10 7 About two years ago I was requested to write a few words on the ‘native question in South Africa’.
1900 (title) Native question in South Africa.
1927 W. Plomer I speak of Afr. 255 I am the only one here who doesn't depend for a living on the native question.
1991 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 97 566 The place of South Africans in the country's political, economic, and social arenas (i.e., the ‘native question’).
native reserve n. now historical and offensive an area of land (esp. in Africa) set aside, originally by a colonial administration, later by a national government, for the exclusive use of the indigenous population.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > reservation for indigenous people
reserve1667
Indian reserve1752
reservation1792
Indian reservation1804
station1825
location1833
native reserve1842
native location1866
res1880
native location1928
township1934
homeland1959
1842 Austral. & N.Z. Monthly Mag. 171 Native reserves..the whole of the sections reserved for the use of the aborigines are to be let on lease for a term not exceeding seven years.
1879 Littell's Living Age 2 Aug. 318/1 The Yankees, we are told, put sacredly aside the native reserves.
1909 S. Afr. Act in Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law (1910) 4 (Suppl.) 38 It shall not be lawful to alienate any land in Basutoland or any land forming part of the native reserves.
1950 M. Chappell Rhodesian Adventure ix. 101 The whole area is a native reserve and looks no different today than it has for centuries.
1997 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 91 608/2 KANU demanded that only communal land under the Native Reserves be entrusted to the regions.
native rights n. (now often with capital initial) the human, civil, and legal rights possessed by native peoples, esp. those rights relating to the preservation, protection, or recognition of traditional lands, cultures, and ways of life.
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1840 Port Phillip Gaz. (Melbourne) 4 Mar. We will ask of these cunning oppressors in what way did they respect the native rights, when to bolster up the decayed revenues of the Colonies, they appropriated the fertile regions of Australia Felix to their selfish purposes.
1928 Manch. Guardian 14 July 9/2 The Colonial Secretary should insist upon a remodelling of the scheme which would secure consultation with the natives and greater security for native rights.
2003 D. A. Mihesuah Indigenous Amer. Women v. 30 One of our duties as Native women scholars is to help pave the way for scholars to follow, so they may continue researching, writing, and advocating for Native rights.
native state n. now historical = princely states n. at princely adj. Compounds 2.
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society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state ruled by native prince in India
native state1784
princely states1932
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > [noun] > native mineral > native state
native state1784
1784 Act 24 Geo. III c. 25 §15 Treating or negociating with any of the Native Princes or States in India.
1823 J. Malcolm Mem. Central India II. xvi. 280 The present condition of our empire in India requires..in the exercise of political control and superintendence over Native States, a school..distinct from other branches of the service.
1883 J. S. Cotton in J. S. Cotton & E. J. Payne Colonies & Dependencies i. iii. 23 The native states are sometimes called feudatory—a convenient term to express their vague relation to the British crown.
1931 P. Kendall India & British viii. 223 Hyderabad, the largest..of all the Native States, absorbed Golconda centuries ago.
1990 M. Booth Triads iv. 69 These secret societies consider the Native States, especially Perak, as a happy hunting ground.
native title n. a right or claim to land, property, etc., deriving from the ancestral occupation or use by native peoples, but typically unsanctioned by colonial law.
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1838 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Feb. 336 It became necessary, before they could open plantations, to purchase the Indian titles to the land... The colony having added the native title to their patent, determined in a general assembly to make application for a charter under the royal signature.
1845 W. Spain Let. 31 Mar. in Parl. Papers 1846 XXX. 8 To receive grants from the Crown of land where it has failed to prove the extinguishment of the native title.
1921 Law Rep.: Appeal Cases 2 402 In interpreting the native title to land, not only in Southern Nigeria.., much caution is essential.
1994 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 4 Apr. 27/7 The firm had expertise in native title issues.
native trade n. South African (now historical and offensive) commerce in which most or all customers are black.
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1886 J. Noble Handbk. Cape Good Hope 102 King Williamstown..[has] the chief command of the native trade.
1968 Farmer's Weekly (Durban) 3 Jan. 99 Business near mine compounds in Welkom area, doing mainly Native trade with mine boys.
1990 A. G. Cobley Class & Consciousness i. 42 The number of Africans ‘working on their own account’ in the urban areas was growing markedly by the mid-1930s as legal (and illegal) opportunities for ‘Native trade’ expanded.
native work n. South African (now historical and offensive) manual work; a task considered by some to be too menial for white people to perform.
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1941 Bantu World 1 Mar. 9 Europeans had given up jobs merely because they thought that the work they were asked to do was ‘native work’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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