nearnessn.

Brit.

/ˈnɪənəs/, U.S.

/ˈnɪrnəs/

Forms: see near adj. and -ness suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: near adj., -ness suffix.

Etymology: < near adj. + -ness suffix. Compare earlier nighness n.

a. Close kinship or relationship. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > nearness of

nighnessa1398

propinquity?a1425

nearness1444

proximity1480

germanity1597

1444 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 63/2 For naturale affection [and] nerness of kyn and blude.

1539 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 187 The mater cannot be concluded without the Bishop of Romes despensacion for nerenes of blod.

1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence ii. 29 Betweene that and this, heer is no neernesse of affinitie at all.

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 66 To tell what neernesse in every kind is enough, is matter of great art.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. v. xvii. 299 No regard being had to Merit..or Nearness of Blood.

1786 E. Burke Articles of Charge against W. Hastings (ed. 2) iv. 138 From proximity of situation and nearness of connection, [he] was likely to have any intelligence concerning his female relations from the best authority.

a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. xxiii. 99 If nearness of blood alone were to be regarded.

1878 J. P. Hopps Relig. & Moral Lect. xix. 61 His nearness to God as a son was a nearness we also might enjoy.

1995 W. Geldart & D. C. M. Yardley Introd. to Eng. Law (ed. 11) iv. 62 A marriage is also void on the ground of nearness of relationship.

b. Close intimacy or friendship.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > intimacy

privitya1250

nearnessc1485

familiarness1539

inwardness1578

greatnessa1586

privatenessa1586

entireness1599

habitude1612

gossiprya1614

strictnessc1614

mutualitiesa1616

particulara1616

intimity1617

privancy1622

privacy1638

intimacy1641

intimateness1642

familiarity1664

throng1768

closeness1851

close harmony1876

innerliness1888

insociation1893

dearness-

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 128 For caus of lygnage and cheritee or othir speciale caus of nereness.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. ii. 127 Besides our neerenes to the King in loue, Is neare the hate of those loue not the King.

1624 J. Chamberlain Let. 5 June (1939) II. 561 There is great neernes and dearnes twixt him and Count Mansfeld, who (I heare) hath geven him a coach with sixe horses.

1647 C. Cotterell & W. Aylesbury tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civill Warres France i. 17 The king..received him into the same neernesse as before.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. 653 In that nearness and intimacy, he could not but have a most perfect knowledg of him.

1706 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i He still has held him In more especial Nearness to his Heart.

1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. iii. 215 All sentiments of blame or praise are variable, according to our situation of nearness or remoteness, with regard to the person blam'd or prais'd.

1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 73 But has love with knowledge grown, does nearness bind more nearly?

1908 E. Wharton Let. 17 May (1988) 145 Moments of such nearness, when the last shadow of separateness melts.

1942 A. M. Lindbergh Let. 13 June in War within & Without (1980) 270 I feel better now—I am refinding the spiritual nearness.

2. Proximity in space or time. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > distance > nearness > [noun]

sideOE

nighnessOE

propinquity?a1425

neighboured1440

neighbourshipc1485

nearnessc1545

vicinity1560

neighbourhood1567

proximity1579

affinity1612

appropinquity1646

voisinage1665

vicinage1686

proximation1802

proximateness1881

c1545 R. Copland tr. P. Tommai Art of Memory sig. Aiii The places ought nat to be to nere togyther nor to fare a sonder. For the nerenesse trouble greatly the naturall memory.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxcix^v This countrie was linked vnto them in great amitie,..for the nerenes therof.

1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iv. §2. 71 The nearenesse to it gives motion, heat, and lightnesse.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 128 That which is future, will certainly come to be present; and then having the same advantage of nearness, will shew its self in its full dimensions.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iv. §3. 122 In proportion to the nearness of the cause, and the weakness of the subject.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 771 Their nearness to each other must be increased or diminished according to..the shade required.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam cxv. 181 That out of distance might ensue Desire of nearness.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. viii. 264 The house itself had every good in it, except nearness to a stream.

1922 ‘R. Crompton’ Just—William ii. 52 Robert..walked beside his goddess, revelling in his nearness to her.

1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) vii. 98 Desperate over the nearness of zero hour for the punt service, he seized her by the hand and snatched her along.

1992 B. Keenan Evil Cradling iii. 22 The nearness of the city to the airport..add[s] immeasurably to the pilot's difficulty.

a. Close resemblance or similarity. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun]

anlikenessOE

ylikenessOE

likenessa1250

likeliheada1393

resemblancea1393

likeliness?a1425

similitudec1425

semblingc1440

alikenessc1450

assemblance1485

agreement1495

likelihood1495

agreeance1525

analogy1542

simility1543

semblablenessc1550

semblance1576

nearness1577

vicinity1594

simile1604

assimilation1605

consimilitude1610

parity1612

bly1615

similarity1615

connaturality1621

similiancy1622

connaturalnessa1628

reasemblance1638

consimilarity1658

similariness1669

similarness1670

consimility1680

kindredship1733

family likeness1759

family resemblance1785

cognateness1816

feel1892

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 152 Hogs flesh..hath such a nearenesse & agreement with our bodyes.

1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. i. 39 The neernesse of my name to one Master William Bidulph.

1681 Whole Duty of Nations 14 United by nearness of Manners, Customs, and Disposition.

1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) iv. 122 But nearness or likeness of nature,—how beautiful is the ease of its victory!

1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel (1876) 131 Media was allied to Persia..by nearness of language.

†b. Close approximation; a high degree of accuracy. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > closeness to accuracy > [noun]

approximation1660

nearness1669

closeness1759

approximativeness1879

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xii. 73 To come to a necessary nearness at first, [is] far surer than by uncertain guessing.

1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 178 Pointing out, with great nearness, the law which regulates the mortality of large masses of people.

†4. Parsimony, niggardliness; frugality. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun]

fastship?c1225

scarcenessa1300

scarcity1340

niggardyc1390

nithingheada1400

scarcehead1420

nigonryc1430

niggardship?a1439

pinching1440

straitheadc1450

straitnessc1460

niggard cheap1463

niggardnessc1487

nigonshipa1500

niggardise1502

niggishness1519

niggardliness1556

parsimony1561

illiberality1581

nearness1584

tenacity1586

Euclionism1599

paring1607

servilitya1610

niggeralitya1612

scanting1625

scant-handednessa1627

closefistedness1631

niggardess1632

close-handedness1646

strait-handedness1649

penury1651

unbountifulness1660

parsimoniousness1671

penuriousness1672

stinginess1682

closeness1712

illiberalness1727

meanness1755

cheeseparing1834

scrimping1835

churlishness1846

screwing1848

skinflintism1853

screwiness1856

flint-paring1860

skinflintiness1861

scrimp1864

flint-skinning1873

penny-pinching1895

skimping1898

tight-fistedness1975

1584 T. Lodge Alarum (1853) 77 Some terme it thriftinesse, some neernesse, but in plaine tearmes, it is usurie.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 238 He being so percimonious and sparing in his expences, that from this his nearenesse [etc.].

1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 188 The Greeks..eat Fish for Luxury, whereas the Venetian does it for Nearness.

1823 T. Bewick Mem. (1975) xii. 112 Perhaps, like other frugal people, it grew upon him 'till he was accused of nearness.

1856 in G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner (1861) II. 180 It was..the nearness that is capable of life-long self-sacrifice.

1889 H. Johnston Chron. Glenbuckie 285 Truly she was a woman of great nearness in her giving to the cause of religion.

†5. Importance, consequence. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun]

mund?c1250

steemc1330

greatnessc1410

substancec1425

importance1485

weight1521

moment1522

weightiness1530

importancy1531

importunance1546

import1548

reckoning1582

sequel1588

ponderosity1589

valure1594

consequence1597

significance1597

circumstance1599

consequent1599

eminency1622

importmenta1625

concernment1626

consideration1634

telling1636

signification1645

considerableness1647

concerningness1657

nearness1679

significancy1679

respectability1769

interest1809

noteworthiness1852

portee1893

valency1897

1679 Established Test 2 In a Concern of so common and universal Nearness.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nearness
释义	nearnessn. Brit. /ˈnɪənəs/, U.S. /ˈnɪrnəs/ Forms: see near adj. and -ness suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: near adj., -ness suffix. Etymology: < near adj. + -ness suffix. Compare earlier nighness n. 1. a. Close kinship or relationship. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > nearness of nighnessa1398 propinquity?a1425 nearness1444 proximity1480 germanity1597 1444 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 63/2 For naturale affection [and] nerness of kyn and blude. 1539 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 187 The mater cannot be concluded without the Bishop of Romes despensacion for nerenes of blod. 1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence ii. 29 Betweene that and this, heer is no neernesse of affinitie at all. 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 66 To tell what neernesse in every kind is enough, is matter of great art. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. v. xvii. 299 No regard being had to Merit..or Nearness of Blood. 1786 E. Burke Articles of Charge against W. Hastings (ed. 2) iv. 138 From proximity of situation and nearness of connection, [he] was likely to have any intelligence concerning his female relations from the best authority. a1859 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. (1861) V. xxiii. 99 If nearness of blood alone were to be regarded. 1878 J. P. Hopps Relig. & Moral Lect. xix. 61 His nearness to God as a son was a nearness we also might enjoy. 1995 W. Geldart & D. C. M. Yardley Introd. to Eng. Law (ed. 11) iv. 62 A marriage is also void on the ground of nearness of relationship. b. Close intimacy or friendship. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > intimacy privitya1250 nearnessc1485 familiarness1539 inwardness1578 greatnessa1586 privatenessa1586 entireness1599 habitude1612 gossiprya1614 strictnessc1614 mutualitiesa1616 particulara1616 intimity1617 privancy1622 privacy1638 intimacy1641 intimateness1642 familiarity1664 throng1768 closeness1851 close harmony1876 innerliness1888 insociation1893 dearness- c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 128 For caus of lygnage and cheritee or othir speciale caus of nereness. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. ii. 127 Besides our neerenes to the King in loue, Is neare the hate of those loue not the King. View more context for this quotation 1624 J. Chamberlain Let. 5 June (1939) II. 561 There is great neernes and dearnes twixt him and Count Mansfeld, who (I heare) hath geven him a coach with sixe horses. 1647 C. Cotterell & W. Aylesbury tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civill Warres France i. 17 The king..received him into the same neernesse as before. 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. 653 In that nearness and intimacy, he could not but have a most perfect knowledg of him. 1706 N. Rowe Ulysses i. i He still has held him In more especial Nearness to his Heart. 1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. iii. 215 All sentiments of blame or praise are variable, according to our situation of nearness or remoteness, with regard to the person blam'd or prais'd. 1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 73 But has love with knowledge grown, does nearness bind more nearly? 1908 E. Wharton Let. 17 May (1988) 145 Moments of such nearness, when the last shadow of separateness melts. 1942 A. M. Lindbergh Let. 13 June in War within & Without (1980) 270 I feel better now—I am refinding the spiritual nearness. 2. Proximity in space or time. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > nearness > [noun] sideOE nighnessOE propinquity?a1425 neighboured1440 neighbourshipc1485 nearnessc1545 vicinity1560 neighbourhood1567 proximity1579 affinity1612 appropinquity1646 voisinage1665 vicinage1686 proximation1802 proximateness1881 c1545 R. Copland tr. P. Tommai Art of Memory sig. Aiii The places ought nat to be to nere togyther nor to fare a sonder. For the nerenesse trouble greatly the naturall memory. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxcix^v This countrie was linked vnto them in great amitie,..for the nerenes therof. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iv. §2. 71 The nearenesse to it gives motion, heat, and lightnesse. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 128 That which is future, will certainly come to be present; and then having the same advantage of nearness, will shew its self in its full dimensions. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iv. §3. 122 In proportion to the nearness of the cause, and the weakness of the subject. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 771 Their nearness to each other must be increased or diminished according to..the shade required. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam cxv. 181 That out of distance might ensue Desire of nearness. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. viii. 264 The house itself had every good in it, except nearness to a stream. 1922 ‘R. Crompton’ Just—William ii. 52 Robert..walked beside his goddess, revelling in his nearness to her. 1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) vii. 98 Desperate over the nearness of zero hour for the punt service, he seized her by the hand and snatched her along. 1992 B. Keenan Evil Cradling iii. 22 The nearness of the city to the airport..add[s] immeasurably to the pilot's difficulty. 3. a. Close resemblance or similarity. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] anlikenessOE ylikenessOE likenessa1250 likeliheada1393 resemblancea1393 likeliness?a1425 similitudec1425 semblingc1440 alikenessc1450 assemblance1485 agreement1495 likelihood1495 agreeance1525 analogy1542 simility1543 semblablenessc1550 semblance1576 nearness1577 vicinity1594 simile1604 assimilation1605 consimilitude1610 parity1612 bly1615 similarity1615 connaturality1621 similiancy1622 connaturalnessa1628 reasemblance1638 consimilarity1658 similariness1669 similarness1670 consimility1680 kindredship1733 family likeness1759 family resemblance1785 cognateness1816 feel1892 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 152 Hogs flesh..hath such a nearenesse & agreement with our bodyes. 1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. i. 39 The neernesse of my name to one Master William Bidulph. 1681 Whole Duty of Nations 14 United by nearness of Manners, Customs, and Disposition. 1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) iv. 122 But nearness or likeness of nature,—how beautiful is the ease of its victory! 1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel (1876) 131 Media was allied to Persia..by nearness of language. †b. Close approximation; a high degree of accuracy. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > closeness to accuracy > [noun] approximation1660 nearness1669 closeness1759 approximativeness1879 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xii. 73 To come to a necessary nearness at first, [is] far surer than by uncertain guessing. 1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 178 Pointing out, with great nearness, the law which regulates the mortality of large masses of people. †4. Parsimony, niggardliness; frugality. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] fastship?c1225 scarcenessa1300 scarcity1340 niggardyc1390 nithingheada1400 scarcehead1420 nigonryc1430 niggardship?a1439 pinching1440 straitheadc1450 straitnessc1460 niggard cheap1463 niggardnessc1487 nigonshipa1500 niggardise1502 niggishness1519 niggardliness1556 parsimony1561 illiberality1581 nearness1584 tenacity1586 Euclionism1599 paring1607 servilitya1610 niggeralitya1612 scanting1625 scant-handednessa1627 closefistedness1631 niggardess1632 close-handedness1646 strait-handedness1649 penury1651 unbountifulness1660 parsimoniousness1671 penuriousness1672 stinginess1682 closeness1712 illiberalness1727 meanness1755 cheeseparing1834 scrimping1835 churlishness1846 screwing1848 skinflintism1853 screwiness1856 flint-paring1860 skinflintiness1861 scrimp1864 flint-skinning1873 penny-pinching1895 skimping1898 tight-fistedness1975 1584 T. Lodge Alarum (1853) 77 Some terme it thriftinesse, some neernesse, but in plaine tearmes, it is usurie. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 238 He being so percimonious and sparing in his expences, that from this his nearenesse [etc.]. 1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 188 The Greeks..eat Fish for Luxury, whereas the Venetian does it for Nearness. 1823 T. Bewick Mem. (1975) xii. 112 Perhaps, like other frugal people, it grew upon him 'till he was accused of nearness. 1856 in G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner (1861) II. 180 It was..the nearness that is capable of life-long self-sacrifice. 1889 H. Johnston Chron. Glenbuckie 285 Truly she was a woman of great nearness in her giving to the cause of religion. †5. Importance, consequence. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] mund?c1250 steemc1330 greatnessc1410 substancec1425 importance1485 weight1521 moment1522 weightiness1530 importancy1531 importunance1546 import1548 reckoning1582 sequel1588 ponderosity1589 valure1594 consequence1597 significance1597 circumstance1599 consequent1599 eminency1622 importmenta1625 concernment1626 consideration1634 telling1636 signification1645 considerableness1647 concerningness1657 nearness1679 significancy1679 respectability1769 interest1809 noteworthiness1852 portee1893 valency1897 1679 Established Test 2 In a Concern of so common and universal Nearness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1444
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