nephriticn.adj.¹

Brit.

/nᵻˈfrɪtɪk/,

/nɛˈfrɪtɪk/, U.S.

/nəˈfrɪdɪk/

Forms:

α. late Middle English nefretyk, late Middle English neufretic, late Middle English newe-fratik, late Middle English newffratik, 1500s nefreticke, 1600s nephretick, 1600s (1900s irregular) nephretic.

β. 1500s–1700s nephritick, 1600s– nephritic.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin nephreticus, nefretica.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin nephreticus, nephriticus person suffering from kidney disease (perhaps 4th cent. in medical writers), suffering from kidney disease (5th cent. in medical writers), affecting the kidneys (14th cent. in a British source), suitable for curing kidney disease (1608 in the passage translated in quot. 1657 at sense B. 3), also nefretica kidney disease (a1200 in a British source) < ancient Greek νεϕριτικός affecting the kidneys (also νεϕριτικόν kidney disease, use as noun of neuter singular of νεϕριτικός ), in Hellenistic Greek also suffering from kidney disease, in Byzantine Greek also of remedies, suitable for curing kidney disease (6th cent.) < νεϕρῖτις nephritis n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Middle French, French néphrétique, noun (1362–5 as nefretique denoting a patient suffering from kidney disease, 1574 in sense ‘renal colic’, 1694 in sense ‘a remedy for kidney disease’) and adjective (1362–5 as nefretique in sense ‘relating to the kidneys’, 1520 in sense ‘relating to kidney ailments’, 1787 in sense ‘for healing kidney ailments’). With nephritic wood (see Compounds) compare lignum nephriticum n., French bois néfrétique (1660), bois néphrétique (1685). With nephritic stone (see Compounds) compare post-classical Latin lapis nephriticus (1621), French pierre néphrétique (1694). The syntactic and semantic analysis of the following example is uncertain (compare sense A. 2):?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 24 Hit helpith the bladder that is called newffratik.

Chiefly Medicine.

A. n.

1. A person with kidney stones or other kidney disease; (later) spec. a person with nephritis.

ΚΠ

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 147 I haue not sene neufreticz [L. nefreticos] aboue 50 ȝere yheled.

?a1450 J. Arderne in 17th Internat. Congr. Med. (1914) xxiii. 115 (MED) The governaunce of nefretykes.

1702 J. Floyer Anc. Ψυχρολουσία Revived iv. 109 He advises the Nephritick to place their Backs against the Stream of the River.

1927 Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Pathol. 8 432 The plasma ester phosphorus in 10 normals we have found to average only 0.3 mgm. per 100 c.c. The average value for 16 nephritics is 0.5 mgm.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxiii. 923 Pregnancy in a true nephritic must always be a matter of anxiety.

†2. Perhaps: a disease of the kidneys. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 20^v (MED) Þat doþe gode to all newe-fratikes, þat is, þe evill of þe reynes.

†3. A medicine used to treat disease of the kidneys. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the kidneys

nephritic1661

nephritic wood1664

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 453 Nephriticks. Tempering the heat, of the reins, and urine.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xv. 358 Renals or Nephreticks, are such Medicines as are dedicated to the Reines and Bladder.

1710 W. Salmon Family Dict. (ed. 5) 108 Well corrected Narcoticks, mix'd with Carminatives and strong Nephriticks, compounded together, ought to be given, and sometimes Absorbents.

B. adj.¹

1. Originally: (of pain, disease, etc.) affecting or originating in the kidneys. Later: spec. of, relating to, or of the nature of nephritis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney

nephritic1580

nephritical1638

renal1656

suprarenal1791

cardiorenal1854

paranephritic1857

adrenal1863

perirenal1867

renovesical1868

perinephritic1877

renopericardial1883

lieno-renal1887

nephric1887

perinephric1890

interrenal1893

paranephric1897

1580 Breif Descr. Well of Woman Hil sig. Aiij^v It cuiris Nephritick dolouris baith of Neiris and Bladder.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke vi. xvii. 295 When we would in the Nefreticke disease, haue the poores and passages of the body enlarged [etc.].

1650 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (1662) iii. iv. 345 Epileptick, Arthritick, Nephritick pains.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 178 It helps..the collick, tympany, and nephritick passion.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Vomiting This Medicine is also good against the Nephritick Cholick.

1780 J. T. Dillon Trav. Spain i. xv. 150 A remedy for a nephritic complaint.

1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 396 She was never known to have had a nephritic symptom till just before her death.

1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 389 Chronic nephritic disease, and rheumatism.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 22 Feb. 443/2 The only clinical evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus was the mixed nephritic and nephrotic renal disease.

1994 Computer Weekly 25 Aug. 29/1 A long-term sufferer of nephritic syndrome, a condition that deprives its victims of vital kidney protein.

2. Affected with pain or disease of the kidneys. Later: spec. suffering from or affected by nephritis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > disorders of kidneys

nephritical1638

nephritic1656

nephropathic1916

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Nephritick, that is troubled with a pain in the Reins of the back.

1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 36 The drops..have given great relief to many nephritic patients.

1834 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. III. 165/1 The infusion of its leaves has often given decided relief to nephritic patients.

1959 Pediatric Clinics N. Amer. 6 272 The nephritic patient who is unable to concentrate urine..will need a water allowance..of approximately 3 ml. per milliosmol of total urinary solute.

1983 Hypertension 5 545 Increased activities of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-aldosterone system participate, in part, in elevating blood pressure in the hypertensive nephritic patients.

2000 Amer. Jrnl. Pathol. 156 295 This study examined the properties and responsiveness to cytokines of macrophages purified from normal and nephritic glomeruli.

†3. Of a medicinal preparation: that cures or relieves conditions of the kidneys. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [adjective] > for the kidneys

nephritic1657

nephrocathartic1661

antinephritic1678

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. C^v The..strengthening Medicament, is that which..conserves some part of our body, as..Nephritick to the reins.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician iii. 60 This is a noble and royal Nephritick liquor.

1710 Brit. Apollo 28–30 June Garlick is..Nephritick.

1721 E. Strother Dr. Radcliffe's Pract. Dispensatory (ed. 4) 119 Take Nephritick Elixir, half a spoonful, in a little white wine.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 291 The best manner of making the nephritic alkaline waters.

Compounds

nephritic stone n. now rare jade, once worn as an amulet to relieve pain or disease of the kidneys (cf. nephrite n., nephritic adj.²).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > jade > [noun]

nephritic stone1653

greenstone1658

jade1728

pounamua1771

jade-stone1775

nephrite1794

jadeite1868

ox-stone1877

kawa-kawa1880

mutton fat1912

spinach jade1958

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [noun] > nephrite

nephritic stone1653

greenstone1658

jade1728

jade-stone1775

nephrite1794

kawa-kawa1880

spinach jade1958

1653 T. Nicols Arcula Gemmea 143 The Nephritick stone is a stone of no gratefull aspect.

1730 R. Bradley Course Lect. Materia Medica 70 Lapis Nephriticus, or Nephritick Stones, are of two sorts, both of 'em inclining to a green Colour.

1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 161 A piece of green nephritic stone, or jadde.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 346 The nephritic stone was supposed, when only worn, to cure diseases of the reins, or the lumbago.

1870 Appletons' Jrnl. 3 277/1 Besides these, were found in Greece some small well-wrought instruments of nephritic stone.

1988 Amer. Antiq. 53 182/1 Reexcavation produced a finely carved miniature human figurine of blue nephritic stone.

† nephritic tincture n. Obsolete rare an infusion of nephritic wood.

ΚΠ

1685 R. Boyle Short Mem. Hist. Mineral Waters 86 To destroy the blewness of the Nephritic Tincture.

nephritic wood n. now historical = lignum nephriticum n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the kidneys

nephritic1661

nephritic wood1664

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > wood > specific wood

red sanders1553

lignum nephriticum1640

nephritic wood1664

1664 R. Boyle Exper. & Considerations Colours iii. 206 .Having made..divers Tryals upon this Nephritick Wood, we found mention made of it by the Industrious Jesuit Kircherus, who..received a Cup Turned of it from the Mexican Procurator of his Society.

1672 I. Newton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 7 5094 For, if that were a sufficient reason, then Blew and Yellow must also be the same colour, since they are both exhibited by the same Tincture of Nephritick Wood.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 156 Nephritick Wood. This is brought to us from New Spain; it is from a Tree reckon'd of the Ash-kind. The Wood is hard and colour'd almost like Saunders.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Transmutation The change of colour of a decoction of the nephritic wood, according to the different lights it was viewed in.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 176/2 The wood [of moringa] dyes a beautiful blue colour. It is the lignum nephriticum, or nephritic wood, of the dispensatories.

1908 N.E.D. at Nephritic Nephritic wood... In earlier accounts said to come from ‘New Spain’ and to be the coatli of Hernandez; but in later use also applied to the wood of the Horse-radish Tree (Moringa polysperma).

1986 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 47 19 An infusion of that rare and exotic wood lignum nephriticum (nephritic wood), which had the curious characteristic of appearing a different color by reflected and by transmitted light.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nephritic
释义	nephriticn.adj.¹ Brit. /nᵻˈfrɪtɪk/, /nɛˈfrɪtɪk/, U.S. /nəˈfrɪdɪk/ Forms: α. late Middle English nefretyk, late Middle English neufretic, late Middle English newe-fratik, late Middle English newffratik, 1500s nefreticke, 1600s nephretick, 1600s (1900s irregular) nephretic. β. 1500s–1700s nephritick, 1600s– nephritic. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin nephreticus, nefretica. Etymology: < post-classical Latin nephreticus, nephriticus person suffering from kidney disease (perhaps 4th cent. in medical writers), suffering from kidney disease (5th cent. in medical writers), affecting the kidneys (14th cent. in a British source), suitable for curing kidney disease (1608 in the passage translated in quot. 1657 at sense B. 3), also nefretica kidney disease (a1200 in a British source) < ancient Greek νεϕριτικός affecting the kidneys (also νεϕριτικόν kidney disease, use as noun of neuter singular of νεϕριτικός ), in Hellenistic Greek also suffering from kidney disease, in Byzantine Greek also of remedies, suitable for curing kidney disease (6th cent.) < νεϕρῖτις nephritis n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Middle French, French néphrétique, noun (1362–5 as nefretique denoting a patient suffering from kidney disease, 1574 in sense ‘renal colic’, 1694 in sense ‘a remedy for kidney disease’) and adjective (1362–5 as nefretique in sense ‘relating to the kidneys’, 1520 in sense ‘relating to kidney ailments’, 1787 in sense ‘for healing kidney ailments’). With nephritic wood (see Compounds) compare lignum nephriticum n., French bois néfrétique (1660), bois néphrétique (1685). With nephritic stone (see Compounds) compare post-classical Latin lapis nephriticus (1621), French pierre néphrétique (1694). The syntactic and semantic analysis of the following example is uncertain (compare sense A. 2):?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 24 Hit helpith the bladder that is called newffratik. Chiefly Medicine. A. n. 1. A person with kidney stones or other kidney disease; (later) spec. a person with nephritis. ΚΠ ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 147 I haue not sene neufreticz [L. nefreticos] aboue 50 ȝere yheled. ?a1450 J. Arderne in 17th Internat. Congr. Med. (1914) xxiii. 115 (MED) The governaunce of nefretykes. 1702 J. Floyer Anc. Ψυχρολουσία Revived iv. 109 He advises the Nephritick to place their Backs against the Stream of the River. 1927 Brit. Jrnl. Exper. Pathol. 8 432 The plasma ester phosphorus in 10 normals we have found to average only 0.3 mgm. per 100 c.c. The average value for 16 nephritics is 0.5 mgm. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xxxiii. 923 Pregnancy in a true nephritic must always be a matter of anxiety. †2. Perhaps: a disease of the kidneys. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 20^v (MED) Þat doþe gode to all newe-fratikes, þat is, þe evill of þe reynes. †3. A medicine used to treat disease of the kidneys. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the kidneys nephritic1661 nephritic wood1664 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 453 Nephriticks. Tempering the heat, of the reins, and urine. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xv. 358 Renals or Nephreticks, are such Medicines as are dedicated to the Reines and Bladder. 1710 W. Salmon Family Dict. (ed. 5) 108 Well corrected Narcoticks, mix'd with Carminatives and strong Nephriticks, compounded together, ought to be given, and sometimes Absorbents. B. adj.¹ 1. Originally: (of pain, disease, etc.) affecting or originating in the kidneys. Later: spec. of, relating to, or of the nature of nephritis. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [adjective] > kidney nephritic1580 nephritical1638 renal1656 suprarenal1791 suprarenal1791 cardiorenal1854 paranephritic1857 adrenal1863 perirenal1867 renovesical1868 perinephritic1877 renopericardial1883 lieno-renal1887 nephric1887 perinephric1890 interrenal1893 paranephric1897 1580 Breif Descr. Well of Woman Hil sig. Aiij^v It cuiris Nephritick dolouris baith of Neiris and Bladder. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke vi. xvii. 295 When we would in the Nefreticke disease, haue the poores and passages of the body enlarged [etc.]. 1650 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (1662) iii. iv. 345 Epileptick, Arthritick, Nephritick pains. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 178 It helps..the collick, tympany, and nephritick passion. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Vomiting This Medicine is also good against the Nephritick Cholick. 1780 J. T. Dillon Trav. Spain i. xv. 150 A remedy for a nephritic complaint. 1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) IV. 396 She was never known to have had a nephritic symptom till just before her death. 1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 389 Chronic nephritic disease, and rheumatism. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 22 Feb. 443/2 The only clinical evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus was the mixed nephritic and nephrotic renal disease. 1994 Computer Weekly 25 Aug. 29/1 A long-term sufferer of nephritic syndrome, a condition that deprives its victims of vital kidney protein. 2. Affected with pain or disease of the kidneys. Later: spec. suffering from or affected by nephritis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [adjective] > disorders of kidneys nephritical1638 nephritic1656 nephropathic1916 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Nephritick, that is troubled with a pain in the Reins of the back. 1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 36 The drops..have given great relief to many nephritic patients. 1834 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. III. 165/1 The infusion of its leaves has often given decided relief to nephritic patients. 1959 Pediatric Clinics N. Amer. 6 272 The nephritic patient who is unable to concentrate urine..will need a water allowance..of approximately 3 ml. per milliosmol of total urinary solute. 1983 Hypertension 5 545 Increased activities of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-aldosterone system participate, in part, in elevating blood pressure in the hypertensive nephritic patients. 2000 Amer. Jrnl. Pathol. 156 295 This study examined the properties and responsiveness to cytokines of macrophages purified from normal and nephritic glomeruli. †3. Of a medicinal preparation: that cures or relieves conditions of the kidneys. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [adjective] > for the kidneys nephritic1657 nephrocathartic1661 antinephritic1678 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. C^v The..strengthening Medicament, is that which..conserves some part of our body, as..Nephritick to the reins. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician iii. 60 This is a noble and royal Nephritick liquor. 1710 Brit. Apollo 28–30 June Garlick is..Nephritick. 1721 E. Strother Dr. Radcliffe's Pract. Dispensatory (ed. 4) 119 Take Nephritick Elixir, half a spoonful, in a little white wine. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 291 The best manner of making the nephritic alkaline waters. Compounds nephritic stone n. now rare jade, once worn as an amulet to relieve pain or disease of the kidneys (cf. nephrite n., nephritic adj.²). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > jade > [noun] nephritic stone1653 greenstone1658 jade1728 pounamua1771 jade-stone1775 nephrite1794 jadeite1868 ox-stone1877 kawa-kawa1880 mutton fat1912 spinach jade1958 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [noun] > nephrite nephritic stone1653 greenstone1658 jade1728 jade-stone1775 nephrite1794 kawa-kawa1880 spinach jade1958 1653 T. Nicols Arcula Gemmea 143 The Nephritick stone is a stone of no gratefull aspect. 1730 R. Bradley Course Lect. Materia Medica 70 Lapis Nephriticus, or Nephritick Stones, are of two sorts, both of 'em inclining to a green Colour. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World I. 161 A piece of green nephritic stone, or jadde. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. 346 The nephritic stone was supposed, when only worn, to cure diseases of the reins, or the lumbago. 1870 Appletons' Jrnl. 3 277/1 Besides these, were found in Greece some small well-wrought instruments of nephritic stone. 1988 Amer. Antiq. 53 182/1 Reexcavation produced a finely carved miniature human figurine of blue nephritic stone. † nephritic tincture n. Obsolete rare an infusion of nephritic wood. ΚΠ 1685 R. Boyle Short Mem. Hist. Mineral Waters 86 To destroy the blewness of the Nephritic Tincture. nephritic wood n. now historical = lignum nephriticum n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations for treating specific parts > [noun] > for the kidneys nephritic1661 nephritic wood1664 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > wood > specific wood red sanders1553 lignum nephriticum1640 nephritic wood1664 1664 R. Boyle Exper. & Considerations Colours iii. 206 .Having made..divers Tryals upon this Nephritick Wood, we found mention made of it by the Industrious Jesuit Kircherus, who..received a Cup Turned of it from the Mexican Procurator of his Society. 1672 I. Newton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 7 5094 For, if that were a sufficient reason, then Blew and Yellow must also be the same colour, since they are both exhibited by the same Tincture of Nephritick Wood. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 156 Nephritick Wood. This is brought to us from New Spain; it is from a Tree reckon'd of the Ash-kind. The Wood is hard and colour'd almost like Saunders. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Transmutation The change of colour of a decoction of the nephritic wood, according to the different lights it was viewed in. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 176/2 The wood [of moringa] dyes a beautiful blue colour. It is the lignum nephriticum, or nephritic wood, of the dispensatories. 1908 N.E.D. at Nephritic Nephritic wood... In earlier accounts said to come from ‘New Spain’ and to be the coatli of Hernandez; but in later use also applied to the wood of the Horse-radish Tree (Moringa polysperma). 1986 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 47 19 An infusion of that rare and exotic wood lignum nephriticum (nephritic wood), which had the curious characteristic of appearing a different color by reflected and by transmitted light. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). nephriticadj.² Brit. /nᵻˈfrɪtɪk/, /nɛˈfrɪtɪk/, U.S. /nəˈfrɪdɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nephrite n., -ic suffix. Etymology: < nephrite n. + -ic suffix. Mineralogy. Of the nature of, relating to, or containing nephrite. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [adjective] > nephrite nephritic1803 nephrite1851 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at I-Colm-Kill Marble,..nephritic asbestos, violet-coloured quartz, and porphyry. 1874 L. Dieulafait Diamonds & Precious Stones 179 Another variety, greatly prized by the ancients for its miraculous power of curing colics and the bites of venomous insects, is called nephritic jade. 1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. x. 157/1 A certain amount of serpentinous rather than nephritic material had been brought down by flying-fox and cut into slabs. 1970 Mineral Resources Rev. 1968 (Dept. of Mines, S. Austral.) No. 128. 190 Nephritic jade is confined to the calc-silicate zone and occurs on the margins of the marble masses. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.¹?a1425adj.²1803
随便看	artificialities artificiality artificialize artificialized artificializes artificializing artificially artificialness artificialnesses artificing artificious artificiously artify artifying artigrapher artilect artiller artilleried artilleries artillerist artillerists artillery artillery attack artillery boat artillery brigade

nephriticn.adj.1

Compounds

nephriticadj.2

nephriticn.adj.¹

nephriticadj.²