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单词 nidus
释义

nidusn.

Brit. /ˈnʌɪdəs/, U.S. /ˈnaɪdəs/
Inflections: Plural nidi Brit. /ˈnʌɪdʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈnaɪdaɪ/, niduses.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nīdus.
Etymology: < classical Latin nīdus nest < the Indo-European base of nest n.
1.
a. Biology. A medium or place suitable for the nurture of germinal elements, eggs, embryos, etc.; a matrix. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > sexual organs > ovary
matricea1400
matrix?a1425
nidus1691
uterus1753
1691 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 16 480 It is probable that an Animalcle [sc. a spermatozoon] cannot come forward if it do not fall into a proper Nidus.
1696 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 258 The Infusion of proper Grain, or a proportionable degree of Heat may compose so proper a Nidus for them, that they may, by the warmth of the Sun be easily hatched into living Creatures.
1720 B. Martin New Theory Consumptions ii. 51 Some certain Species of Animalcula..which..being there [i.e. in the Lungs] deposited, as in a proper Nidus or nest,..may..cause all the Disorders that have been mentioned.
1731 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 435 A case..where a Fœtus had no other Nidus than the Ovary.
1772 Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 193 The other [party] lays it down for a certainty, that the eggs of the female are only to be considered as a proper nidus, provided for the reception of those minute animalcules, with which the male semen is found to abound.
1877 Proc. Royal Soc. 26 489 It is evident that the fitness of the cultivation-fluid as a nidus for the development of Bacteria is not impaired by the action of light.
b. Zoology. A place or structure in which the eggs of an insect or other animal develop. Also: a collection or cluster of eggs; an egg-case. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habitat > habitat > [noun] > dwelling place or shelter > nest
nestOE
nesta1425
nidifice1656
nidus1734
tree-nest1924
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > egg > collective of eggs
nidus1734
setting1902
1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 119 I bound up the nidus, and next morning the grubs had gotten bluish wings.
1753 J. Warton tr. Virgil Georgics in Wks. I. iv. 365 (note) Insects cannot be generated by putrefaction; carcases are only a proper nidus and receptacle for their young.
1772 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S. Amer. (ed. 3) I. 66 The cavity left, by the removal of the nidus, must be immediately filled..with tobacco ashes.
1804 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 94 191 This substance [sc. lac]..appears to be the nidus or comb of the insect called coccus or chermes lacca, deposited on branches of certain species of mimosa and other plants.
1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxix. 75 Reaumur had once brought to him a nidus of eggs clothed still more curiously: they surrounded a twig in a spiral direction.
1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 598 The worms are useless as further food, and certainly cannot be used as nidi for the eggs of the destroyer.
1947 Isis 37 35/1 Another Persian manna, also not observed in the Sinai region, is the afore-mentioned trehala-manna.., the nidus or cocoon of the beetle Larinus maculatus.
c. Chiefly Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. A source, focus, or reservoir of infection; a place (in the body or the environment) harbouring bacteria or other pathogens; a centre of a disease process.
ΚΠ
1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 384 The reliques or remains of it [sc. the plague], which getting once into a nidus, lodge there.
1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor 279 Animalcules which burrow and form their nidus in the human body.
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 68 The mammary gland seems to be the nidus for this diseased action.
1829 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) III. 251 The cysts or niduses [of tubercles]..possess so little energy of action, as never to exceed the size of small shot.
1850 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 13 132 A conformation of circumstances, physical and social, such as by many have been indicated as the special nidus or habitat of cholera.
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 776 By purifying the cavity a fresh nidus for the disease is removed.
1899 Harper's Weekly June 552/1 Bales of raw cotton prove an especially favorable nidus for plague germs.
1938 New Phytologist 37 304 They are the first-formed mycelium from the germinating spore and serve as a nidus for the spread of the mycelium in each individual infection.
1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 343/2 Well-defined niduses of disease seemed to make their appearance year after year in the same places.
1969 Ecology 50 823/1 The irruptive pattern of trypanosomiasis in red squirrels at Trout Lake also may be analyzed in regard to the concept of primary and secondary foci (nidi) as described..for human trypanosomiasis in Africa.
1989 Q. Jrnl. Med. 72 694 Abscesses and scarring were present which would be consistent with an initial nidus of infection in the lung.
2000 Jrnl. Soc. Laparoendoscopic Surgeons 4 263 The patient was found to have an unretrieved gallstone as the nidus for the Streptococcus bovis abscess.
d. Botany. A place or substance in which spores or seeds can develop. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > spore or sporule > [noun] > place where spores develop
nidus1796
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 350 Though the fruit of such trees may be its more common nidus, I found it growing in large clusters on a rotten stick.
1850 Eclectic Rev. Oct. 503 The seed is in most cases furnished by, or at least, latent in, the nidus in which they are developed.
1859 T. Moore Brit. Ferns 15 The spores..would find a proper nidus for their development.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss II. iv. i. 155 Certain seeds which are required to find a nidus for themselves..have been supplied by nature with an apparatus of hooks, so that they will get a hold on very unreceptive surfaces.
1886 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13 121 The seed has been carried here..by the wind and, finding a favorable nidus, has sprung up.
1901 Science 1 Nov. 688/1 The Angiosperms freed themselves from the risks which attend sexual reproduction..by providing a special nidus for the development of the germ.
1958 Jrnl. Ecol. 46 732 The boulders..are uneven and so form suitable micro-climatic nidi.
e. figurative. A generative source, an origin; a place where some quality or principle is fostered.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > place of origin and early development
wombc1400
promptuary?a1425
seminairc1440
nursery1509
matrice1555
seed plot1556
matrix1586
seminary1592
seedbed1618
nidus1807
whence1832
breeding-place1841
breeding-ground1856
breeding range1890
whenceness1922
1807 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 415 The true nidus of the erroneous sentiments.
1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. i. 9 It is the nidus of a new commonwealth.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xi. 191 The order of nature, which treats all maturity as a mere nidus for youth.
1889 Catholic World Aug. 576 The special nidus of this social bane [sc. divorce] is Switzerland for the Old World and..Massachusetts for the New.
1991 R. J. Johnston Question of Place (BNC) 98 Many models of society see the main nidus of struggle residing in the sphere of production, between the capitalists and workers.
2.
a. A place in or around which a substance is formed or deposited; a centre of deposition, crystallization, etc.; a nucleus. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > [noun] > where a thing is formed or settled
nestling1605
nidus1717
1717 Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 476 The Holes and Cavities in those calcin'd Minerals seem to be the Nidus of the Sulphur, which hath been sublim'd by the Heat and Fire of that vast Mass of Pyrites.
1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 253 As soon as the stony Juice meets a proper Nidus of Wood, Reed, Grass, or the like, it will forsake its State of Fluidity, and become a solid Stone.
1845 R. B. Todd & W. Bowman Physiol. Anat. I. 88 In man, and the higher animals, cartilage is employed temporarily as a nidus for bone.
1948 Jrnl. Ecol. 36 286 Even the smallest sheltering features..provide nidi for the accumulation of snow in small amount.
1971 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68 1460/1 Most patients with nephrolithiasis could form a nidus of brushite either by spontaneous precipitation or by nucleation of an organic matrix.
1979 W. B. Ober Boswell's Clap & other Ess. ii. 49 His statement in a letter to a stranger must have some nidus of fact in what he had been told.
1983 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 140 1307/2 Alexithymia may serve as a nidus around which various disciplines can interface.
1990 Brain 113 133 It is plausible that clusters composed of such neurites may act as niduses on which amyloid precursor proteins are processed.
2000 European Urol. 37 106 The constituents of [bladder] stone sections and nidus were assembled so as to determine the principal causes of stone nucleation and growth.
b. Pathology and Radiology. The core of a bone tumour or cyst; spec. the usually non-calcified and radiolucent centre of an osteoid osteoma.
ΚΠ
1940 H. L. Jaffe & L. Lichtenstein in Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. 22 Except in connection with osteoid-osteoma we have never seen the combination of a single nidus of this kind in a spongy-bone area with a history of persistent local pain and tenderness not associated with fever.
1978 Clin. Orthopaedics No. 130. 263 Recurrence of pain indicates persistence or failure to totally remove the nidus.
2000 Arch. Orthopaedic & Trauma Surg. 120 455 Only two papers have described a radiodense nidus of the diaphysis as a precursor [of a solitary bone cyst].
c. Pathology and Radiology. A cluster of anomalous veins forming the core of an arteriovenous malformation.
ΚΠ
1971 J. L. Doppman in Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. 44 758 An angiographic review..of a large series of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (25) has suggested to the author that many of these lesions have a small focus or nidus of abnormal vessels. The nidus is the point towards which multiple feeding arteries converge and from which enlarged veins drain.
1988 Amer. Jrnl. Roentgenol. 150 1143 MR was superior to both CT and angiography in showing the exact anatomic relationships of the nidus, feeding arteries, and draining veins.
2003 Jrnl. Neurosurg. 98 536 Radiosurgical treatment of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) requires the precise definition of the nidus of the lesion in stereotactic space.
3. A place where something is embedded, lodged, or attached. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 509 One would almost be persuaded, that they [sc. polyps] were never intended to dwell in cavities, but upon nidus's convenient for their attachment only, with full liberty, at proper times, to detach their young.
1788 Encycl. Brit. I. 740/2 In conception, one of these mature ova is supposed..to be squeezed out of its nidus into the Fallopian tube.
1849 T. Callaway Diss. Dislocations & Fractures 70 The bone again nearly always slips out from its nidus.
1860 H. F. French Farm Drainage 127 If you re-open a drain well laid with pipes and collars, you will find them reposing in a beautiful nidus, which..looks exactly as if it had been moulded for them.
1876 Trans. Clin. Soc. 9 165 The severe vomiting and purging probably dislodged the calculus from its nidus.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 947/1 The custom of providing a material abode or nidus for the ghost is found all over the earth.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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